[2026:RJ-JP:9866] HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN BENCH AT JAIPUR S.B. Criminal Miscellaneous (Petition) No. 3729/2024 Achleshwer Meena S/o Sh. Jatashanker Meena, R/o A-800 Sidhharth Nagar, Near Jain Temple, Jawahar Circle Jaipur. ----Petitioner Versus 1. State Of Rajasthan, Through P.P. 2. Department Of Home, Government Of Rajasthan, Through Its Principal Secretary, Government Secretariat, Jaipur. ----Respondents 3. Raghuvir Sharan Sharma, Inspector Of Police, Special Investigation Unit, Acb, Jaipur. ----Respondent-Complainant For Petitioner(s) : Mr. Sudhir Gupta Mr. Parth Gupta For Respondent(s) : Mr. Manvendra Singh, PP Mr. Devi Singh, PP HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE CHANDRA PRAKASH SHRIMALI Order REPORTABLE 1. Arguments Concluded On: 06/02/2026 2. Judgment Reserved On: 06/02/2026 3. Full Judgment/Operative Part Pronounced: Full Judgment 4. Pronounced On: 17/03/2026 ;kph@vfHk;qDr vpys'oj eh.kk dh vksj ls /kkjk 482 n.M izfdz;k lafgrk ds varxZr ;g ;kfpdk izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ la[;k 05@2022 fnukad 08-01-2022 iqfyl Fkkuk iz/kku vkj{kh dsUnz] Hkz"Vkpkj fujks/kd C;wjks] t;iqj] vijk/k varxZr /kkjk 7] 7,] 8 Hkz"Vkpkj fuokj.k vf/kfu;e rFkk /kkjk 201] 120&ch vkbZihlh ds varxZr ntZ ,QvkbZvkj [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (2 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] vkSj mlls mRiUu leLr izfdz;k e; vkjksi i= uacj 64@2022 varxZr /kkjk 7] 7,] 8 Hkz"Vkpkj fuokj.k vf/kfu;e lifBr /kkjk 201 vkSj 120ch Hkk-na-la- dks vikLr djus gsrq bl ;kfpdk esa vafdr rF;ksa ds vk/kkj ij izLrqr dh gSA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd o fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd dks lquk x;k rFkk vfHkys[k dk voyksdu fd;k x;kA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk cgl ds nkSjku ;g rdZ jgk gS fd ;kph@vfHk;qDr lsokfuo`Rr yksdlsod gS] tks uxj fuxe t;iqj esa foRrh; lykgdkj ds in ij inLFk FkkA Hkz"Vkpkj fujks/kd foHkkx dks fnukad 15-09-2021 dks ,d lwpuk bl vk'k; dh izkIr gqbZ fd uxj fuxe xzsVj t;iqj ds vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj deZpkfj;ksa }kjk uxj fuxe ds Bsdsnkjksa ls muds dk;ksZa ds fcyksa ds Hkqxrku ds ,ot esa 2 ls 3 izfr'kr /kujkf'k crkSj deh'ku fj'or ds :i esa yh tk jgh gSA mDr f'kdk;r ds vk/kkj ij ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds ekscby uacj ,oa Jh xksfoUn dqekj vxzoky mQZ xksih] Jh /kudqekj] Jh vfuy vxzoky] Jh vfHk"ksd tSu mQZ VhVw] Jh xaxkjke eh.kk] Jh ;rsUnz lka[kyk ds VsyhQksu dks varkojks/k ij fy;k x;kA lw= lwpuk ,oa ;kph@vfHk;qDr dh ekuoh; fuxjkuh ls ;g Kkr gqvk fd fnukad 07-01-2022 dks ;kph@vfHk;qDr rFkk nyky /ku dqekj vkil esa feydj ,df=e dj ykbZ xbZ fj'or dh jkf'k dk vknku&iznku djus okys gSa rFkk os nksuksa gksVy eSfj;V ds lkeus jksM+ ij fey pqds gSa rFkk ;kph@vfHk;qDr viuh xkM+h ysdj vius fuokl LFkku esa x;k gS] ftlds gkFk esa ,d dkys jax dh FkSyh gS] ftlesa ,df=e dh xbZ fj'or dh jkf'k gSA vxj mlds edku dh ryk'kh yh tk, rks mDr fj'or dh jkf'k ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds dCts ls cjken gks ldrh gSA mDr vk/kkj ij Hkz"Vkpkj fujks/kd foHkkx ds vf/kdkjh o deZpkjh ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fuokl ij igqaps vkSj vkSj edku ds eq[; njokts dh Mksjcsy ctkdj ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds edku esa fcuk ryk'kh [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (3 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] okjaV ds] fcuk fdlh U;klaxr o mfpr vk/kkj ds izos'k dj x;s vkSj mlds }kjk /ku dqekj ls izkIr dj yk, x, #i;ksa ds ckjs esa iwNk] ftlls ;kph@vfHk;qDr }kjk euk djus ij l{ke izkf/kdkjh ds vkns'k ds fcuk voS/k :i ls vkrad epkrs gq, Hkz"Vkpkj fujks/kd foHkkx us ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds edku dh ryk'kh izkjaHk dhA ryk'kh esa ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds dCts ls dksbZ fj'or dh jkf'k cjken ugha gqbZ vkSj /kudqekj }kjk fn, x, dkxt ftuesa fofHkUu Bsdsnkjksa ds uke ds vkxs uacj ikWbUV~l esa /kujkf'k fy[kh gqbZ Fkh] mldks ,lhch us fcuk fdlh vk/kkj ds tCr dj fy;kA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk cgl ds nkSjku ;g Hkh rdZ jgk gS fd ,lhch us ;kph@vfHk;qDr ij ;g vkjksi yxk;k gS fd mlus fj'or dh jkf'k dks [kqnZ&cqnZ dj fn;kA mDr vkjksi fcuk fdlh U;k;laxr o mfpr vk/kkj ds yxk, x, gSaA ,lhch us /ku dqekj dk ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds ?kj ij vkuk] ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds ?kj dh ryk'kh esa isafMx fcy dh lwph cjken gksuk] lafnX/k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Jh /ku dqekj dk ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds ?kj tkuk vkSj /ku dqekj ds ?kj ls ryk'kh esa 27 yk[k #i, feyus vkSj varkojks/k esa fy, x, eksckby ij gq, okrkZ ds vk/kkj ij ;kph@vfHk;qDr dks fcuk fdlh U;k;laxr o mfpr vk/kkj ds vkjksih cuk fn;kA ;kph@vfHk;qDr us u rks fj'or dh ekax dh vkSj u gh mlds }kjk fj'or yh xbZ vkSj u gh fj'or dh jkf'k mlls cjken gqbZ] u gh mlds ikl ,slk dksbZ fcy yafcr Fkk] ftl fcy dks ikfjr djus ds ,ot esa mlds }kjk crkSj deh'ku fdlh izdkj dh dksbZ jkf'k yh tkrhA vkijkf/kd d`R; djus esa mlds }kjk dksbZ vkijkf/kd "kM~;a= Hkh ugha jpk x;kA deh'ku ds rkSj ij mlds }kjk dksbZ jkf'k izkIr ugha dh xbZA fQj Hkh fcuk fdlh U;k;laxr o mfpr vk/kkj ds fof/kd izko/kkuksa dh ikyuk fd, fcuk ekkuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk vfHkfu/kkZfjr fl)karksa ds foijhr tkdj ,lhch us ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo#) izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (4 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] dj vkjksi i= varxZr /kkjk 7] 7,] 8 Hkz"Vkpkj fuokj.k vf/kfu;e ¼la'kks/ku 2018½ vkSj /kkjk 201] 120&ch Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk esa izLrqr dj nhA bl izdj.k esa ,lhch us fcuk izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ fd, ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds edku esa vukf/kd`r :i ls izos'k fd;k rFkk ryk'kh vkSj tCrh dh dk;Zokgh laikfnr dhA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo#) dksbZ lk{; ugha gksrs gq, laoS/kkfud vkSj fof/kd izko/kkuksa ds foijhr tkdj izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djkus ls iwoZ ;kph@vfHk;qDr dks fnukad 07-01-2022 dks fxj¶rkj dj fy;k x;kA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds ?kj dh ryk'kh rFkk vukf/kd`r tCrh] rFkk fnukad 07-01-2022 dks fxj¶rkj dj fy;k x;k] tcfd mlds fo#) izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ fnukad 08-01-2022 dks ntZ gqbZ] tks mlds fof/kd vf/kdkjksa vkSj mldh Lora=rk ds foijhr gSA ;kph@vfHk;qDr dh fxj¶rkjh dk vkSj fu#)hdj.k dk dksbZ izFke n`"V~;k ekeyk ugha curk gS] mlds fo#) fdlh Hkh vkijkf/kd d`R; fd, tkus ds rF; vkSj lk{; i=koyh ij ugha gSaA dsoy varkojksf/kr okrkZvksa ds vk/kkj ij fcuk izFke n`"V~;k ekeyk gksrs gq, Hkh ;kph@vfHk;qDr dks vfHk;qDr cuk fn;k x;kA fxj¶rkjh ds dkj.kksa vkSj vk/kkjksa dks QnZ fxj¶rkjh esa mYysf[kr ugha fd;k x;k gSA ;kph@vfHk;qDr }kjk fj'or dh jkf'k [kqnZ&cqnZ djus ds feF;k vkjksiksa ij fcuk fdlh lk{; ds] dh xbZ mldh fxj¶rkjh voS/kkfud gSA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk cgl ds nkSjku ;g Hkh rdZ jgk gS fd bl izdj.k esa VsyhQksu okrkZvksa dks fjdkWMZ djus dk vkns'k fnukad 14-10-2021 dks fo'ks"k lfpo ¼x`g½ us ikfjr fd;k] tks fd lfpo ¼x`g½ ds v/khuLFk gSa o mDr vkns'k fof/k esa of.kZr izko/kkuksa ds rgr fo'ks"k lfpo ¼x`g½ fudkyus dk vf/kdkjh ugha gSA ,lhch ds }kjk fnukad 14-10-2021 dks fy[ks x, i= esa yksd lqj{kk dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, okrkZyki fjdkWMZ djus dh vuqefr ekaxh xbZ FkhA [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (5 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] mDr fnukad dks gh fcuk fdlh dkj.k o vk/kkj ds voS/k :i ls lkbDyksLVkby rjhds ls :Vhu esa fo'ks"k lfpo ¼x`g½ us fof/kd :i ls vf/kd`r ugha gksrs gq, Hkh VsyhQksu VSi djus dh vuqefr ns nhA VsyhQksu VSi djus dh vuqefr esa D;k yksd lqj{kk Fkh ;k D;k vkikrdkyhu ifjfLFkfr;ka Fkha] ftlds vk/kkj ij VsyhQksu Vsi dh vuqefr nh tk, bldk dksbZ mYys[k mDr vkns'k esa ugha fn;k x;k gSA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo#) D;k vkijkf/kd d`R; gS] ftlds vk/kkj ij mlds VsyhQksu VSi fd, tkus vko';d gSa] tks yksd lqj{kk o yksd vkikrdky ds fy, vko';d gS] bldk Hkh dksbZ mYys[k VsyhQksu Vsi dh tkus dh vuqefr esa ugha fd;k x;k rFkk 60 fnol i'pkr fnukad 13-12-2021 ds vkns'k ds rgr iwoZ esa ikfjr vkns'k ds vk/kkj ij gh fcuk fdlh efLr"d dk iz;ksx fd, fQj 60 fnol ds VsyhQksu Vsi dh vuqefr ns nh xbZ] tks fd iwoZ esa gh fo'ks"k lfpo ¼x`g½ }kjk vuqefr fn;k tkuk fof/kor ugha FkkA ,slh fLFkfr esa ckn esa lfpo ¼x`g½ }kjk }kjk 60 fnol dh VsyhQksu Vsi dh vuqefr fn;k tkuk fof/k vuqdwy ugha gSA bafM;u VsyhxzkQ vf/kfu;e] 1885 dh /kkjk 5 lifBr bafM;u VsyhxzkQ fu;e] 1951 ds fu;e 419 lifBr /kkjk 69 lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh vf/kfu;e] 2000 ds varxZr ,slh vuqefr fof/k dh n`f"V esa izkjaHk ls “kwU; gksus ds dkj.k ls fujLr fd, tkus ;ksX; gS] ftlds vk/kkj ij ;kph@vfHk;qDr dk VsyhQksu Vsi dj okrkZvksa dh VªkalfLdzIV rS;kj dh xbZ gSA os fof/kd n`f"V ls dksbZ egRo ugha j[krs gSaA yksd vkikrdky] yksdlqj{kk lfgr Hkkjr dh laizHkqrk vkSj ,drk vkSj v[kaM+rk dks [krjk dkfjr djus dh vk'kadk ij gh VsyhQksu Vsi djus dh vuqefr nh tk ldrh gS] bl izdj.k esa ;kph@vfHk;qDr }kjk dksbZ vijk/k dkfjr fd;k x;k gks ;k yksdlqj{kk o yksd vkikrdky dh ifjfLFkfr;ka fo|eku gksa ;g Li"V ugha gksus ds dkj.k ls mDr fof/ kd izko/kkuksa dh ikyuk ugha gksus ij viuh vf/kdkj 'kfDr dk euekuk nq#i;ksx fd, tkus ds dkj.k VsyhQksu Vsi dh vuqefr fn;k tkuk [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (6 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] voS/kkfud gksus ds dkj.k ls ,lhch ds }kjk Hkkjrh; VsyhxzkQ vf/kfu;e 1985 dh /kkjk 25 lifBr /kkjk 24] 25 vkSj Hkkjrh; izkS|ksfxdh ¼baVjlsI'ku] ekWfuVfjax vkSj fMdzI'ku ds fy, izfdz;k vkSj lqj{kk mik; lwpuk½ fu;e½ 2009 dk vijk/k dkfjr fd, tkus ds dkj.k laiw.kZ varkojks/k VsyhQksu okrkZ eSlst fu;eksa ds vuqlkj 'kwU; vkSj izHkkoghu ?kksf"kr fd, tkus ds lkFk fujLr fd, tkus ;ksX; gSA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk ;g Hkh rdZ jgk gS fd Justic K.S. Puttuswamy (Retd.) and Anr. Vs. Union of India and Ors (20147) 10 SCC 1 fofu'p; esa ;kph@vfHk;qDr }kjk izkbZosV O;fDr;ksa ls dh xbZ okrkZ] VSfiax fcuk fdlh fof/kd izko/kkuksa vkSj l{ke vuqefr ds fd;k tkuk xksiuh;rk ds vf/kdkj dk Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 21 ds varxZr mYya?ku ekuk x;k gSA mDr fof/kd izko/kku ds gksrs gq, ,lhch us tku&cw>dj LoSfPNd :i ls viuh 'kfDr;ksa vkSj infLFkfr;ksa dk nq#i;ksx djrs gq, ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds ewyHkwr vf/kdkjksa dk mYya?ku fd;k gSA bl izdj.k esa ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds VsyhQksu dkWy ds VSi ds lkFk mldh tklwlh Hkh dh xbZ gS vkSj fofHkUu LFkkuksa ij izkbZosV txgksa ij Hkh ;kph@vfHk;qDr dh vuqefr vkSj lgefr ds fcuk] l{ke izkf/kdkjh }kjk eftLVªsV dh vuqefr ds fcuk ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds QksVksxzkQ fy, x, gSaA ,lhch ;k iqfyl vf/kdkjh ,sls QksVksxzkQ ysus ds fy, vf/kdkjh ugha gSa u gh dksbZ fof/k mUgsa ,sls QksVksxzkQ ysus ds fy, vf/kd`r djrh gSA fcuk izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ds ;kph@vfHk;qDr dh dksbZ fxj¶rkjh] ?kj dh ryk'kh rFkk tCrh Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 21 ds varxZr ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds Lora=rk vkSj ewy vf/kdkjksa dk mYya?ku gksus ds dkj.k ls ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fofu'p; K.S. Puttuswamy (Retd.) and Anr. Vs. Vs. Union of India }kjk fn, x, vkns'k ds rgr ,lhch ds vf/kdkjh /kkjk 66Mh [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (7 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] vkbZVh ,DV ds varxZr naMuh; vijk/k ds nks"kh gSaA mUgksaus Li"V :i ls tkucw>dj voS/kkfud] vlaoS/kkfud d`R; fd;k gSA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk cgl ds nkSjku ;g Hkh rdZ jgk gS fd ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds ?kj esa ryk'kh vkSj tCrh dh dk;Zokgh ih,pbZMh foHkkx ds vfrfjDr iz'kklfud vf/kdkfj;ksa dh mifLFkr esa dh xbZ gS] ftu ij ,lhch ds vf/kdkjh viuh i;Zos{k.kh; vkSj izHkko j[kus dh {kerk j[krs gSaA ryk'kh o tCrh {ks= ds LFkkuh; fuoklh nks lk{khx.k dh mifLFkfr esa ugha dh xbZ gS] ,slh ryk'kh tks fcuk okjaV ds dh xbZ gS] /kkjk 165 lifBr /kkjk 100 vkSj ,slh tCrh /kkjk 102 lhvkjihlh ds varxZr fof/k&fo:) gS vkSj /kkjk 165 ds varxZr mDr rF; vUos"k.k dh Js.kh esa ugha vkrs gSaA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds dCts ls tks fyLV cjken dh xbZ gS og u rks pksjh gqbZ gS u dksbZ vkijkf/kd d`R; dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls tqM+h gqbZ gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa /kkjk 103 lhvkjihlh esa of.kZr izko/kkuksa ds rgr mDr tCrh ugha dh tk ldrh gS vkSj mDr tCrh dh fjiksVZ l{ke {ks=kf/kdkj okys eftLVªsV dks ugha Hksts tkus ds dkj.k ls laiw.kZ ryk'kh vkSj tCrh dh izfdz;k /kkjk 165 lifBr /kkjk 100 vkSj /kkjk 102 lhvkjihlh esa of.kZr izko/kkuksa dk mYya?ku gksus ds dkj.k ls fof/k&fo#) gSA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo#) vkjksfir vijk/k vf/kdre 7 o"kZ ls naMuh; vijk/k gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ;kph dh fxj¶rkjh dh fLFkfr esa lhvkjihlh dh /kkjk 41, ds varxZr vjus'k dqekj cuke fcgkj jkT; ¼2014½ 8 ,lhlh 273 fofu'p; esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk vfHkfu/kkZfjr fl)karksa ds rgr ;kph@vfHk;qDr dks fxj¶rkj djus] mldks fu#) fd, tkus ls iwoZ uksfVl fn;k tkuk pkfg, FkkA mDr uksfVl ugha fn;k x;kA /kkjk 50¼1½ lhvkjihlh esa of.kZr izko/kkuksa ds rgr ;kph@vfHk;qDr dks mldh fxj¶rkjh ds vk/kkjksa ls voxr ugha djk;k x;k u gh ;kph@vfHk;qDr dks vius ilan ds vf/koDrk ls lykg ysus ds fof/kd vf/kdkj dks crk;k x;k vkSj rF; dh ikyuk [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (8 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] ugha dh xbZA izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djkus ls igys mldh fxj¶rkjh gqbZ] mlds i'pkr mls lacaf/kr eftLVªsV ds le{k izLrqr fd;k x;kA fcuk fdlh U;k;laxr o mfpr vk/kkj ds ;kph@vfHk;qDr dks fxj¶rkj dj /kkjk 41] 41¼,½ /kkjk 50 lhvkjihlh ¼/kkjk 35] 47 ch,u,l,l½ lifBr /kkjk 21 vkSj 22 Hkkjrh; lafo/kku dk mYya?ku gksus vkSj 24 ?kaVs ds vanj eftLVªsV ds le{k mifLFkr ugha djus ds dkj.k vuqPNsn 22 lifBr /kkjk 57 lhvkjihlh dk mYya?ku djus ds dkj.k ls ;kph@vfHk;qDr dh] dh xbZ fxj¶rkjh voS/kkfud] vlaoS/kkfud gksus ds dkj.k mldh fxj¶rkjh o leLr dk;Zokgh voS/kkfud ?kksf"kr fd, tkus ;ksX; gSA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk cgl ds nkSjku ;g Hkh rdZ jgk gS fd ;kph@vfHk;qDr dh fxj¶rkjh fof/k fo#) gSA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds ?kj dh ryk'kh tCrh fnukad 07-01-2022 dks dh xbZ mlds i'pkr mlls ,lhch ds dk;kZy; esa vuqla/kku ds fy, ys tk;k x;kA mls fnukad 07-01-2022 ls fnukad 08-01-2022 rd fu#) j[kdj vuqla/kku fd;k x;k vkSj fnukad 08-01-2022 5-00 ih-,e- ij eftLVªsV ds fuokl ij izLrqr fd;k x;k vkSj og iqfyl vfHkj{kk esa fnukad 11-01-2022 rd jgkA ;kph@vfHk;qDr dks fnukad 08-01-2022 dks 5-00 ih-,e- ij iqfyl vfHkj{kk esa Hkstk x;kA mlds i'pkr voS/kkfud :i ls 5-15 ih,e ij izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djkbZ xbZA ;kph@vfHk;qDr dh iqfyl fjekaM diViwoZd fcuk fof/kd izko/kkuksa ds vk/kkj ij dh xbZ vkSj mls vfHkj{kk esa j[kk x;kA iqfyl dh leLr dk;Zokgh izkjaHk ls voS/kkfud rFkk vlaoS/kkfud gksus ds dkj.k ls laiw.kZ izfdz;k fujLr fd, tkus ;ksX; gSA Hkkjrh; VsyhxzkQ fu;e 1951 ds fu;e 419, ds rgr VsyhQksu VSi ls lacaf/kr izfdz;k 7 fnol esa fjO;w desVh ds le{k j[kk tkuk vkKkid gSA mDr fu;e ds vuqlkj VsyhQksu VSi rHkh gks ldrk gS tc vU; fdlh ;qfDr;qDr rjhds ls lwpuk izkIr ugha dh tk ldrh [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (9 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] gksA bl izdj.k esa fnukad 14-10-2021 dks VsyhQksu VSi dh vuqefr nh xbZ vkSj mldh vfHko`f) fnukad 16-10-2021 rd dh xbZA Hkkjrh; VsyhxzkQ fu;e esa of.kZr izko/kku ds varxZr VsyhQksu VSi djus ls lacaf/kr izfdz;k dks 7 fnol esa fjO;w desVh ds le{k ugha j[kk x;kA bldk dksbZ dkj.k Hkh ugha crk;k x;k u gh dksbZ i= fy[kk x;k vkSj u gh dksbZ ysVj vkns'k lacaf/kr lfpo }kjk tkjh fd;k x;kA izfdz;k 120 fnu rd fcuk fdlh fjO;w desVh dh vuqefr ds pkyw jghA ,slh fLFkfr esa vkns'k fnukad 14-10-2021 vkSj fnukad 06-12-2021 tks x`g foHkkx }kjk tkjh fd;k x;k gS] os VsyhxzkQ fu;e 1951 ds fu;e 419, ds rgr izkjaHk ls voS/kkfud gksus ds dkj.k ls vikLr fd, tkus ;ksX; gSA bl izdj.k esa ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds ?kj dh ryk'kh vkSj tCrh dh xbZ gS og vUos"k.k ds mn~ns'; ls ugha dh xbZ gSA fcuk okjaV ds mDr ryk'kh vkSj tCrh vuqla/kku ds fy, vf/kd`r O;fDr }kjk Hkh ugha dh xbZ gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa fcuk okjaV ds mDr ryk'kh vkSj tCrh /kkjk 165 lifBr /kkjk 100 lhvkjihlh esa of.kZr izko/kkuksa ds fo#) gksus ds dkj.k voS/kkfud gSA bl izdj.k esas Jh jkelgk; 'kekZ iqfyl vf/kdkjh }kjk mDr izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djkbZ xbZ rFkk og ifjoknh gS vkSj mlds }kjk gh izdj.k dk vuqla/kku fd;k x;k gSA ifjoknh izdj.k dk vuqla/kkudrkZ ugha gks ldrk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa /kkjk 165 lhvkjihlh esa of.kZr izko/kkuksa ds rgr ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo#) dh xbZ lwai.kZ dk;Zokgh voS/kkfud gSA izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ fd, fcuk fdlh O;fDr dh fxj¶rkjh] mldk fu#)hdj.k] mlds ?kj dh ryk'kh] mlds ?kj ij dh xbZ tCrh ugha dh tk ldrh gSA vkijkf/kd fof/kd 'kkL= ds vuqlkj vkijkf/kd izfdz;k rHkh izkjaHk gksxh tc izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ gksxhA ch,u,l,l vkSj lhvkjihlh esa ,slk dksbZ izko/kku ugha gS] tks vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh dks izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djus ls iwoZ vuqla/kku djus] fxj¶rkjh djus] ?kj dh ryk'kh djus ;k tCrh djus dk vf/kdkj nsrk gksA bl izdj.k esa ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo#) tks [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (10 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] leLr dk;Zokgh dh xbZ gS] og fof/k&fo#) gSA voS/kkfud izfdz;k dk nq#i;ksx djds ;kph@vfHk;qDr dks vuqfpr :i ls ijs'kku djus] mldh O;fDrxr Lora=rk@futrk dk guu djus ds mn~ns'; ls fcuk fdlh U;k;laxr o mfpr vk/kkjksa ds mlds ewyHkwr vf/kdkjksa dk mYya?ku gksus vkSj mlds fo#) vkjksfir vijk/k mldks lk{; ds vk/kkj ij izFke n`"V~;k Li"V ugha gksus] izdj.k esa fof/kd izko/kkuksa dh ikyuk ugha fd, tkus] ihlh ,DV dh /kkjk 17, ds rgr vuqla/kku fd, tkus ls iwoZ ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds yksdlsod gksus ds ukrs mldh iwoZ vuqefr ugha fy, tkus ds fof/kd izko/kkuksa ds dkj.k ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo#) iqfyl Fkkuk ,lhch t;iqj esa izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ la[;k 5@2022 dks vikLr djrs gq, mlds fo#) ikfjr vkjksi i= fnukad 04-03-2022 ij dh xbZ dk;Zokgh dks fujLr djrs gq, vikLr fd;k tkdj ;kph@vfHk;qDr dh ;kfpdk varxZr /kkjk 482 naM izfdz;k lafgrk Lohdkj dh tkosA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd us vius rdksZa ds leFkZu esa fuEu fofu'p; izLrqr fd;k gS%& 1. Rakesh Kumar Meena Vs State of Rajasthan & Other connected matters S.B. Criminal Miscellaneous (Petition) No. 6395/2022; Order dated: 07.03.2025 2. Surinder Kumar & Ors. Vs State of Pb and others, CRM- M-5292-2024; Order dated 05.02.2024 3. Lalita Kumari Vs Govt. of U.P and ors, [2013] 14 SCR 713; Order dated; 12.11.2013 4. Vihaan Kumar Vs State of Haryana & Anr, 2025 INSC 162; Order dated; 07.02.2025 5. Sashikant Joshi Vs State of Rajasthan & ors; S.B. Criminal Writ Petition No. 565/2022; Order dated; 04.07.2023 6. Hukam Chand Shyam Lal Vs UOI & Ors; (1976) 2 SCC 128; Order dated; 17.12.1975 [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (11 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] 7. People's Union of Civil Liberties (PUCL) Vs Union of India (UOI) & Ors; MANU/SC/0149/1997; Order dated; 18.12.1996 8. Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (RETD.) and Anr. Vs Union of India & Ors; [2017] 10 S.C.R. 569; Order dated; 24.08.2017 9. Anuradha Bhasin Vs Union of India and other connected matters; WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) No. 1031 OF 2019; Order dated; 10.01.2020 10. Central Bureau of Investigation Vs K.L.D. Nagasree & ors; Petition(s) for Special Leave to Appeal (Crl.) No.(s). 5584/2025; Order dated; 15.04.2025 11. Government of India Rep. by the Secretary Vs K.L.D. Nagasree & Ors. and other connected matters; 2023 SCC OnLine AP 1834; Order dated; 20.07.2023 12. Vinit Kumar Vs Central Bureau of Investigation & Ors; Writ Petition No. 2637 OF 2019; Order dated 22.10.2019 (Bombay High Court) 13. P. Kishore Vs The Secretary to the Govt. of India, Ministry of Home Affairs & Ors; W.P. No. 143 of 2018; Order dated; 02.07.2025 14. K.P. Tamilmaran Vs The Secretary by Deputy Superintendent Of Police; 2025 Live Law (SC) 493; Order dated; 28.04.2025 15. Ashak Hussain Allah Detha @ Siddique and another Vs The Assistant Collector of Customs (P) Bombay and another; 1990 SCC OnLine Bom 3; Order dated; 09.01.1990 16. Directorate of Enforcement Vs Subhash Sharma;2025 SCC OnLine SC 240; Order dated; 21.01.2025 17. Hanumant Jagganath Nazirkar Vs State of Maharashtra [Through PI of Baramati Taluka Police Station]; 2025 SCC OnLine Bom 2508; Order dated; 27.06.2025 18. Pradeep Nirankarnath Sharma Vs State of Gujarat & Ors; 2025 INSC 350; Order dated; 17.03.2025 [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (12 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] 19. Directorate of Enforcement Vs Deepak Mahajan & Anr; [1994] 1 S.C.R; Order dated; 31.01.1994 v;kphx.k dh vksj ls fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd dk cgl ds nkSjku ;g rdZ jgk gS fd ;kph@vfHk;qDr dh vU; lgvfHk;qDrx.k ls gqbZ okrkZ ds vk/kkj ij ftlesa fj'or ds ysu&nsu dh okrkZ Hkh Fkh] ml vk/kkj ij fof/kd izko/kkuksa ds rgr ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds VsyhQksu VSi fd, x, vkSj mlds dCts esa lgvfHk;qDr /ku dqekj }kjk nh xbZ fj'or dh jkf'k feyus dh laHkkouk ds vk/kkj ij mlds edku dh ryk'kh yh xbZ vkSj lgvfHk;qDr /kudqekj }kjk fn, x, dkxt ftuesa fofHkUu Bsdsnkjksa ds uke ds vkxs uacj ikWbZUV~l esa /kujkf'k fy[kh gqbZ Fkh] tks lafnX/k gksus ds dkj.k ls mlds dCts ls tCr dh xbZA fj'or dh jkf'k ;kph@vfHk;qDr us [kqnZ&cqnZ dj nhA vfHk;qDrx.k dh okrkZyki ls ;g lkeus vk;k gS fd ;kph@vfHk;qDr isafMax fcyksa ds Hkqxrku ds fy, deh'ku izkIr djuk pkg jgk Fkk] vkSj mlus /ku dqekj ls fj'or dh jkf'k yh FkhA /kudqekj ds ?kj dh ryk'kh ls djhc 27 yk[k #i, izkIr gq, gSaA fof/k esa of.kZr izko/kkuksa ds rgr lgh :i ls ;kph@vfHk;qDr dh fxj¶rkjh o fu#f)dj.k mlds ?kj dh ryk'kh vkSj ?kj esa miyC/k lkexzh dh tCrh dh xbZ gSA mlds dksbZ fof/kd vf/kdkjksa vkSj ewy vf/kdkjksa dk mYya?ku ugha gqvk gSA vUos"k.k ds nkSjku tqVkbZ xbZ lk{; ds vk/kkj ij ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo#) vkjksfir vijk/k lkfcr ik, tkus ds dkj.k mlds fo#) vkjksfir vijk/k esa vkjksi i= izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ;kph@vfHk;qDr }kjk izLrqr ;kfpdk varxZr /kkjk 482 naM izfdz;k lafgrk vk/kkjghu gksus ds dkj.k ls vLohdkj dj [kkfjt dh tk,A eSaus mHk; i{kksa dh rdksZa ij euu fd;k rFkk izLrqr fofu'p;ksa dk /;kuiwoZd voyksdu dj izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ] vkjksi i= o i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr nLrkostksa dk voyksdu fd;kA bl izdj.k esa fuEu fopkj.kh; fcanq gSa%& [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (13 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] 1- D;k fcuk izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ds rFkk fcuk lpZ okjaV ds ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo#) Lkk{; ugha gksrs gq, mlds ?kj esa izos'k dj ?kj dh ryk'kh ysuk vkSj tCrh dh dk;Zokgh djuk] mldks fxj¶rkj djuk mldh fxj¶rkjh ds i'pkr izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djuk fof/k vuq:i ugha gS\ vkSj D;k ;g /kkjk 165 lifBr /kkjk 100 n.M izfdz;k lafgrk ¼/kkjk 185 lifBr /kkjk 103 ch,u,l,l 2023½ esa of.kZr izko/kkuksa dk mYya?ku gS\ rFkk ;kph@vfHk;qDr dh fxj¶rkjh vkSj mldk fu#)hdj.k n.M izfdz;k lafgrk dh /kkjk 41] 41, vkSj 5 ¼/kkjk 35 vkSj 47 ch,u,l,l½ lifBr Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 21 vkSj 22 ds rgr voS/k] vlaoS/kkfud vkSj izkjaHk ls 'kwU; gS\ 2- D;k /kkjk 5 Hkkjrh; VsyhxzkQ vf/kfu;e] 1885 lifBr bafM;u VsyhxzkQ :Yl] 1951 ds fu;e 419 lifBr Hkkjrh; lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh vf/kfu;e] 2000 dh /kkjk 69 ds rgr ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds VsyhQksu VSi vkSj QksVksxzkQksa rFkk ohfM;ks dh vuqefr fof/k vuq:i l{ke izkf/kdkjh }kjk nh xbZ gS\ vkSj ;fn ugha] rks D;k ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 19 o 21 esa iznÙk Lora=rk o futrk ds vf/kdkj dk mYya?ku gqvk gS\ 3- D;k ;kph@vfHk;qDr iqfyl Fkkuk ,lhch] t;iqj esa mlds fo#) ntZ izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ la[;k 5@2022] mlds vk/kkj ij izLrqr vkjksi i= fnukad 04-03-2022 vkSj mlds QyLo:i dh xbZ leLr dk;Zokgh /kkjk 482 naM izfdz;k lafgrk ds varxZr vikLr fd, tkus ;ksX; gS\ fopkj.kh; fcUnq la[;k&1 D;k fcuk izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ds rFkk fcuk lpZ okjaV ds ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo#) Lkk{; ugha gksrs gq, mlds ?kj esa izos'k dj ?kj dh ryk'kh ysuk vkSj tCrh dh dk;Zokgh djuk] mldks fxj¶rkj djuk mldh fxj¶rkjh ds i'pkr izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (14 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] djuk fof/k vuq:i ugha gS\ vkSj D;k ;g /kkjk 165 lifBr /kkjk 100 n.M izfdz;k lafgrk ¼/kkjk 185 lifBr /kkjk 103 ch,u,l,l 2023½ esa of.kZr izko/kkuksa dk mYya?ku gS\ izdj.k ds rF;ksa vkSj iqfyl fujh{kd Hkz"Vkpkj fujks/kd foHkkx Jh j?kqohj 'kj.k }kjk dh xbZ dk;Zokgh iqfyl fnukad 07-01-2022 dks 10-30 ,-,e- ij ys[kc) dh xbZ] mlds vuqlkj mDr iqfyl fujh{kd dks uxj fuxe xzsVj t;iqj esa dk;Zjr Bsdsnkjksa ds fcy ikl djkus ds fy, nykyksa ds ek/;e ls fuxe ds vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk xqIr lwpuk ls Kkr gqvk fd ;kph@vfHk;qDr vpys'oj eh.kk tks uxj fuxe t;iqj esa rRdkyhu foRrh; lykgdkj Fkk] og nykyksa }kjk ,df=r dh xbZ jkf'k dks ysdj vius edku esa x;k gSA bl ij mDr fujh{kd us vU; iqfyldfeZ;ksa dks ysdj dkaLVscy Jh nsosUnz flag rFkk dkaLVscy Jh euh"k flag dks cqykdj ftUgksaus ;g lwpuk nh fd ;kph@vfHk;qDr ,d xgjs xzs dyj dh FkSyh dks ysdj edku esa ?kqlk gS] ftlesa og /kudqekj ls fj'or jkf'k ysdj vk;k gSA bl ij mDr iqfyl fujh{kd Jh j?kqohj 'kj.k us vU; iqfyldfeZ;ksa ds lkFk ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds ?kj esa izos'k dj ryk'kh yhA nkSjkus ryk'kh iqfyl fujh{kd Jh j?kqohj 'kj.k dks xksfoUnz dqekj vxzoky mQZ xksih vxzoky ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds edku ij feyk tks ;kph@vfHk;qDr ls feyus vk;k o ,d lwph 1 ls yxk;r 18 ist ftlesa tqykbZ ekg 2020 ls fnukad 29-12-2021 rd flfoy dkUVªsDVlZ ds fuekZ.k dk;ksZa dh cdk;k jkf'k 5964-96 yk[k #i, t;iqj uxj fuxe xzsVj ds yxHkx 150&200 Bsdsnkjksa ds cdk;k gS ds fo"k; esa ppkZ djus ds fy, vkuk crk;k] tks otg lcwr tCr fd,A Hkz"Vkpkj fujks/kd foHkkx dh 'kk[kk fnukad 07-01-2022 dks 8-30 ih,e ij lgvfHk;qDr /kudqekj dks ,lhch dk;kZy; ysdj vk,A v;kph dks /kudqekj us vkokt dk uewuk nsus ls budkj dj fn;kA ;kph@vfHk;qDr dks fnukad 07-01-2022 10-30 ih-,e- ij izdj.k esa izkIr lw= lwpuk ds vk/kkj ij vijk/k /kkjk 7 Hkz"Vkpkj fuokj.k [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (15 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] ¼la'kksf/kr½ vf/kfu;e] 2018 ,oa 201] 120ch Hkk-na-la- dk vijk/k fd;k tkuk izFken`"V~;k izekf.kr ik, tkus ij mldks tfj, QnZ fxj¶rkj djds fxj¶rkjh dh lwpuk mlds iq= vHk; eh.kk dks eksckby ij fn;k tkuk QnZ esa vafdr fd;k x;k gSA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds ?kj ij ryk'kh esa fdlh izdkj dh dksbZ jkf'k cjken ugha gqbZ fj'or dh jk'kh ykrs gq, ;k bl laca/k esa dksbZ laO;ogkj fd, tkus ds laca/k esa dksbZ lhlhVhoh dh fjdkWfMZax bl izdj.k esa tCr ugha dh xbZA xksfoUnz vxzoky mQZ xksih vxzoky tks ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds edku esa feyus ds fy, vk;k Fkk] mlls Bsdsnkjksa dh cdk;k jkf'k dh lwph tCr dh xbZA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ls fj'or dh jkf'k cjken fd, tkus ds laca/k esa ;g crk;k x;k gS fd mDr jkf'k mlds }kjk [kqnZ&cqnZ dj nh xbZA rRi'pkr bl izdj.k esa iqfyl fujh{kd Jh j?kqohj 'kj.k fo'ks"k vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh Hkz"Vkpkj fujks/kd C;wjks t;iqj us ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo#) o vU; vfHk;qDrx.k ds fo#) /kkjk 7] 7, ,oa 8 ih0lh0 ¼la'kks/ku½ ,DV 2018 rFkk /kkjk 201] 120ch Hkk-na-la- esa izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ la[;k 5@2022 fnukad 08-01-2022 jkstukepk vke jiV la[;k 208 le; 5-15 ij ntZ djus gsrq izsf"kr dh xbZA bl Lrj ij loZizFke /kkjk 165 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk dks ;gka m)fjr fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr gksxk%& 165. Search by police officer Whenever an officer-in-charge of a police station or a police officer making an investigation has reasonable grounds for believing that anything necessary for the purpose of an investigation into any offence which he is authorised to investigate may be found in any place within the limits of the police station of which he is incharge, or to which he is attached, and that such thing cannot in his opinion be otherwise obtained without undue delay, such [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (16 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] officer may, after recording in writing the grounds of his belief and specifying in such writing, so far as possible, the thing for which search is to be made, search, or cause search to be made, for such thing in any place within the limits of such station. 2) A police officer proceeding under sub-section (1), shall, if practicable, conduct the search in person. 3) If he is unable to conduct the search in person, and there is no other person competent to make the search present at the time, he may, after recording in writing his reasons for so doing, require any officer subordinate to him to make the search, and he shall deliver to such subordinate officer an order in writing, specifying the place to be searched, and so far as possible, the thing for which search is to be made; and such subordinate officer may thereupon search for such thing in such place. 4) The provisions of this Code as to search-warrants and the general provisions as to searches contained in section 100 shall, so far as may be, apply to a search made under this section. 5) Copies of any record made under sub-section (1) or sub-section (3) shall forthwith be sent to the nearest Magistrate empowered to take cognizance of the offence, and the owner or occupier of the place searched shall, on application, be furnished, free of cost, with a copy of the same by the Magistrate. blh izdkj /kkjk 100] 102 o 103 Hkkjrh; ukxfjd laj{kk lafgrk dks Hkh ;gka m)fjr fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr gksxk%& [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (17 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] 100. If any District Magistrate, Sub-divisional Magistrate or Magistrate of the first class has reason to believe that any person is confined under such circumstances that the confinement amounts to an offence, he may issue a search- warrant, and the person to whom such warrant is directed may search for the person so confined; and such search shall be made in accordance therewith, and the person, if found, shall be immediately taken before a Magistrate, who shall make such order as in the circumstances of the case seems proper. 102. The provisions of sections 32, 72, 74, 76, 79, 80 and 81 shall, so far as may be, apply to all search-warrants issued under section 96, section 97, section 98 or section 100. 103. (1) Whenever any place liable to search or inspection under this Chapter is closed, any person residing in, or being in charge of, such place, shall, on demand of the officer or other person executing the warrant, and on production of the warrant, allow him free ingress thereto, and afford all reasonable facilities for a search therein. (2) If ingress into such place cannot be so obtained, the officer or other person executing the warrant may proceed in the manner provided by sub-section (2) of section 44. (3) Where any person in or about such place is reasonably suspected of concealing about his person any article for which search should be made, such person may be searched and if such person is a woman, the search shall be made by another woman with strict regard to decency. [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (18 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] (4) Before making a search under this Chapter, the officer or other person about to make it shall call upon two or more independent and respectable inhabitants of the locality in which the place to be searched is situate or of any other locality if no such inhabitant of the said locality is available or is willing to be a witness to the search, to attend and witness the search and may issue an order in writing to them or any of them so to do. (5) The search shall be made in their presence, and a list of all things seized in the course of such search and of the places in which they are respectively found shall be prepared by such officer or other person and signed by such witnesses; but no person witnessing a search under this section shall be required to attend the Court as a witness of the search unless specially summoned by it. (6) The occupant of the place searched, or some person in his behalf, shall, in every instance, be permitted to attend during the search, and a copy of the list prepared under this section, signed by the said witnesses, shall be delivered to such occupant or person. (7) When any person is searched under sub-section (3), a list of all things taken possession of shall be prepared, and a copy thereof shall be delivered to such person. (8) Any person who, without reasonable cause, refuses or neglects to attend and witness a search under this section, when called upon to do so by an order in writing delivered or tendered to him, [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (19 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] shall be deemed to have committed an offence under section 220 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. Lalita Kumari Vs. Government of Uttar Pradesh (AIR 2014 SC 187) esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk fn, x, fuEufyf[kr er dks ;gka mYysf[kr fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr gksxk%& 76. Therefore, conducting an investigation into an offence after registration of FIR under Section 154 of the Code is the "procedure established by law" and, thus, is in conformity with Article 21 of the Constitution. Accordingly, the right of the accused under Article 21 of the Constitution is protected if the FIR is registered first and then the investigation is conducted in accordance with the provisions of law. 83. The object sought to be achieved by registering the earliest information as FIR is inter alia two fold: one, that the criminal process is set into motion and is well documented from the very start; and second, that the earliest information received in relation to the commission of a cognizable offence is Erecorded so that there cannot be any embellishment etc., later. 86. The underpinnings of compulsory registration of FIR is not only to ensure transparency in the criminal justice delivery system but also to ensure 'judicial oversight'. Section 157(1) deploys the word 'forthwith'. Thus, any information received under Section 154(1) or otherwise has to be duly informed in the form of a report to the Magistrate. Thus, the commission of a cognizable offence is not only brought to the knowledge of the investigating [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (20 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] agency but also to the subordinate judiciary. 88. The registration of FIR either on the basis of the information furnished by the informant under Section 154(1) of the Code or otherwise under Section 157(1) of the Code is obligatory. The obligation to register FIR has inherent advantages: (a) It is the first step to 'access to justice' for a victim. (b) It upholds the 'Rule of Law' inasmuch as the ordinary person brings forth the commission of a cognizable crime in the knowledge of the State. (c) It also facilitates swift investigation and sometimes even prevention of the crime. In both cases, it only effectuates the regime of law. (d) It leads to less manipulation in criminal cases and lessens incidents of 'ante-dates' FIR or deliberately delayed FIR. Conclusion/Directions: 111) In view of the aforesaid discussion, we hold: i)Registration of FIR is mandatory under Section 154 of the Code, if the information discloses commission of a cognizable offence and no preliminary inquiry is permissible in such a situation. ii) If the information received does not disclose a cognizable offence but indicates the necessity for an inquiry, a preliminary inquiry may be conducted only to ascertain whether cognizable offence is disclosed or not. iii) If the inquiry discloses the commission of a cognizable offence, the FIR must be registered. In cases where [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (21 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] preliminary inquiry ends in closing the complaint, a copy of the entry of such closure must be supplied to the first informant forthwith and not later than one week. It must disclose reasons in brief for closing the complaint and not proceding futher. iv) The police officer cannot avoid his duty of registering offence if cognizable offence is disclosed. Action must be taken against erring officers who do not register the FIR if information received by him discloses a cognizable offence. v) The scope of preliminary inquiry is not to verify the veracity or otherwise of the information received but only to ascertain whether the information reveals any cognizable offence. vi) As to what type and in which cases preliminary inquiry is to be conducted will depend on the facts and circumstances of each case. The category of cases in which preliminary inquiry may be made are as under: a) Matrimonial disputes/ family disputes b) Commercial offences c) Medical negligence cases d) Corruption cases e) Cases where there is abnormal delay/laches in initiating criminal prosecution, for example, over 3 months delay in reporting the matter without satisfactorily explaining the reasons for delay. The aforesaid are only illustrations and not exhaustive of all conditions which may warrant preliminary inquiry. [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (22 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] vii) While ensuring and protecting the rights of the accused and the complainant, a preliminary inquiry should be made time bound and in any case it should not exceed 7 days. The fact of such delay and the causes of it must be reflected in the General Diary entry. viii) Since the General Diary/Station Diary/Daily Diary is the record of all information received in a police station, we direct that all information relating to cognizable offences, whether resulting in registration of FIR or leading to an inquiry, must be mandatorily and meticulously reflected in the said Diary and the decision to conduct a preliminary inquiry must also be reflected, as mentioned above. 112) With the above directions, we dispose of the reference made to us. List all the matters before the appropriate Bench for disposal on merits. ekuuh; dukZVd mPp U;k;ky; ds }kjk ikfjr Christy Fried Gram Industry and Ors. Vs. State of Karnataka and Ors.;2016 CriLJ 482 esa fuEu er O;Dr fd;k x;k gS%& 22. The points that arise for consideration are that: (1) Whether the investigation and preliminary enquiry prior to registration of FIR is permissible in law? And if not what is the effect? (2) Whether in the absence of alleging offence under Section 7 & 11 of Prevention of Corruption Act, non-public servants (petitioners in Writ Petitions), can be prosecuted (3) Whether the Lokayuktha Police is empowered to initiate proceedings and investigate in respect of food related offences, when under Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, a [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (23 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] separate authority and complete mechanism is provided which has the exclusive jurisdiction to deal with it (4) Search warrant issued and seizure made based on that is vitiated thereby vitiating the entire proceedings as contended by the petitioners? (5) Whether the petitioners have made out a case for quashing the proceedings? 23. My answer to the above points are in favour of the petitioners for the following reasons: Point No.1. Whether the investigation and preliminary enquiry prior to registration of FIR is permissible in law? And if not what is the effect? 24. It is not disputed by the respondent prosecution that in the present case investigation has taken place prior to registration of F.I.R. but learned counsel for Lokayukta claims that it is only a discrete enquiry. 25. An anonymous complaint was filed against the Director of Women and Child Development Department on 5.10.2010. The Superintendent of Police, Lokayuktha, Bangalore City Division entrusted the matter to Smt.H R Radhamani, Dy. S.P for investigation. Accordingly, Smt. Radhamani investigated the matter, and reported vide report dated 30.1.2011 that husband of Smt. Shamala Iqbal, Director of Women and Child Development Department had misused her name and interfered in the work of the department and indulged in corruption. Thereafter Sri Anil Kumar, Inspector of Lokayuktha took over the investigation and submitted his report dated 9.2.2012 to the effect that contents of the [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (24 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] complaint are true and to ascertain the further particulars and collect information he listed out as many as 10 places to be raided and the persons named therein. 26. On 7.3.2012 statement of Mrs. Priya Udupi was recorded. The learned counsel for Lokayukta sought to contend initially that it is only a typographical mistake, actually her statement was recorded on 7.3.2013. In the final report dated 2.3.2013, there is a reference with regard to statement of Mrs.Priya Udupi, which falsifies the initial contention of the Lokayukta that it was recorded on 7.3.2013. By way of memo dated 8.9.2015 filed by the prosecution, it is sought to contend that her statement was recorded on 21.3.2012 basing the same on case diary extract. Statement of Mrs. Priya Udupi is produced along with the application filed by the petitioners in the writ petitions on 9.9.2015. It clearly indicates the date as 7.3.2012. Therefore, it cannot be concluded that her statement was recorded on 21.3.2012 on the basis of extract of case diary. 27. Mrs. Priya Udupi was the earlier employee of Christy Fried Gram Industry and she was dismissed from service. Based on the above materials the FIR came to be registered on 8.3.2012 before Karnataka Lokayuktha Police, Bangalore. There is about 18 months' investigation prior to registration of F.I.R. 28. It is true, Lokayuktha has got suo motto power under Section 9(3) of Karnataka Lokayukta Act to investigate a matter on any complaint or on any information. Rule 5(3) of Karnataka Lokayukta Act specifies, all complaints, even if it is [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (25 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] not submitted in the prescribed format shall be placed before Lokayukta or Upa Lokayukta as the case may be. In the instant case, no such procedure is adopted, instead, the Lokayukta Police themselves assumed jurisdiction and started enquiry against the above legal provisions. 29. It is the contention of the Lokayukta, they had conducted discrete preliminary enquiry to ascertain the truth. Prior to the pronouncement of judgment in Lalita Kumari vs., Government of U P & others, (2014) 2 SCC 1, there is neither any provision under Code of Criminal Procedure nor any settled law providing for conducting preliminary enquiry. However, after the pronouncement in the above case, preliminary enquiry can be conducted not exceeding 7 days. In this regard, reliance is placed on the decision in State of UP vs., Bhagwant Kishore Joshi, AIR 1964 SC 221. In para 8 of the judgment itself, the investigation stated to consist the following steps: i. Proceeding to the spot, il. Ascertainment of the facts and circumstances of the case, iii. Discovery and arrest of the suspected offender, iv. Formation of opinion. Collection of evidence, v. In the instant case, Dy. S.P Radhamani conducted the investigation, made note, collected documents and submitted report and further investigation was taken over by Mr.Anilkumar who seized the documents from DWCD and recorded the statement of Ms.Priya Udupi, which does not fall under the definition of preliminary enquiry. [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (26 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] The preliminary enquiry is to be without questioning any witness and without making any notes from the documents seized. 30. The learned counsel for the petitioners placed reliance on decision in Rajeevan vs., State of Kerala reported in CDJ 2003 SC 323. The relevant portion in Para-12 of the judgment is to the following effect:Delay in lodging FIR quite often results in embellishment which is a creature of afterthought. On account of delay the report not only gets bereft of the advantage of spontaneity, danger creeps in of the introducing of coloured version exaggerated account, concocted story as a result of deliberation and consultation." 31. The petitioners in the writ petitions placed reliance on decision in Lalita Kumari vs., State of U.P. & others (2014) 2 SCC 1 and contended that registration of F.I.R before conducting investigation is mandatory. The Hon'ble Supreme Court dealt with a direct question in the aforesaid decision that, whether a police officer is bound to register a first information report upon receiving any information relating to commission of a cognizable offence under Section 154 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 or the police officer has the power to conduct a `preliminary inquiry' in order to test the veracity of such information before registering the same. The Supreme Court took note of observation of the Committee on Reforms of Criminal Justice System in Para-102 which is as follows: 7.19.1 According to the Section 154 of the Code of Criminal Procedure the officer incharge of the police station is [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (27 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] mandated to register every information oral or written relating to the commission of cognizable offence. Non registration of cases is a serious complaint against the police. Besides, the complainant gets an opportunity to consult his friends, relatives and sometimes even lawyers and often tend to exaggerate the crime and implicate innocent persons. This eventually has the adverse effect at the trial. The information should be reduced in writing by the SH, if given orally, without any loss of time so that the first version of the alleged crime comes on record. 7.20.11 It has come to the notice of the Committee that even in cognizable cases quite often the police officers do not entertain the complaint and send the complainant away saying that the offence is not cognizable. Sometimes, the police twist facts to bring the case within the cognizable category even though it is non cognizable, due to political or other pressures or corruption. This menace can be stopped by making it obligatory on the police officer to register every complaint received by him. Breach of this duty should become an offence punishable in law to prevent misuse of the power by the police officer. The Hon'ble Supreme Court has held in Para-120.7 that while ensuring and protecting the rights of the accused and the complainant, a preliminary inquiry should be made time- bound and in any case it should not exceed 7 days. The fact of such delay and the causes of it must be reflected in the General Diary entry. It is further held in Para-120.8 that since the General Diary/Station Diary/Daily Diary is the record of ali [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (28 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] information received in a police station, Supreme Court directed that all information relating to cognizable offences, whether resulting in registration of FIR or leading to an inquiry, must be mandatorily and meticulously reflected in the said diary and the decision to conduct a preliminary inquiry must also be reflected. 32. The learned counsel for the petitioners placed reliance on the decision in L Shankar Murthy & others vs., State by Lokayuktha Police, reported in 2012(5) Kar.L.J. 545 where this Court has dealt with the effect of investigation prior to registration therein. Paras-33, 35, 45 and 46 read as follows: "33. The scheme of Cr PC also makes it clear that, Section 157 of Cr PC gives power to the police officer to take up investigation only after sending a report to the Magistrate, and power to take cognizance of such offence where the officer concerned, from the information received or otherwise, has reason to suspect the commission of an offence which he is empowered to investigate under Section 156 of Cr PC, he shall follow the requirements of Section 157 before embarking upon the investigation. It is, therefore, clear from the aforesaid provisions of CrPC that the police officer concerned cannot proceed with the investigation without first registering the case upon the information received by him. 35. In the light of the aforesaid position in the law laid down by the Apex Court in particular in the aforementioned cases, the entire proceeding leading to conducting the seizure panchanama even without registering the cases as required under Section 154 of the Cr.P.C. is illegal, contrary to law and [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (29 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] is in violation of the mandatory provisions of the Cr.P.C. and the act on the part of the Police Officer concerned is nothing but an act which could be termed as abuse of the process of law. 45. ....as of now, the settled position in law is registering the case upon the information received is sine qua non before proceeding to take up the investigation. 46. Thus, the entire procedure followed by the concerned Police Officer is an abuse of the process of law and, therefore, I have no hesitation in agreeing with the contentions put forward by the learned Counsel for the petitioners that these cases are fit enough to be brought within the rarest of rare cases and in order to prevent abuse of the process of law and to meet the ends of justice, exercise of inherent power conferred under Section 482 of the Cr.P.C., therefore, becomes imperative and inevitable". 33. It is to be mentioned here that the aforesaid Shankaramoorthy case was challenged by the Lokayuktha police before the Hon'ble Supreme Court and the Apex court declined to interfere. 34. The petitioners further placed reliance on the decision in Girishchandra & another v. State of Lokayuktha Police, Yadgir, reported in 2013(5) Kar.L.J. 470 (DB) and the Hon'ble Division Bench of this Court has held as follows: "In a situation where an offence is committed right in the presence of a Police Officer, it would be imprudent to insist that he should rush to the police station to record the FIR. The Police Officer should immediately act, like apprehending the accused, sending the victim to medical treatment etc., and [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (30 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] thereafter registration of FIR would be an ideal investigation procedure. Otherwise, in all other type of cases, registration of FIR is mandatory since an FIR is to be sent to the Court at the earliest stage, so that no manipulating and tampering of facts would be possible". 35. The learned counsel for Lokayukta has submitted that the nature of enquiry before registration of FIR was discrete in nature and without the knowledge of the petitioners thereby they are not prejudiced. Relying upon the decision in State of M.P & others v. Shri Ram Singh, reported in AIR 2000 SC 870 it is submitted that every illegality or irregularity in investigation does not vitiate the entire proceedings. The point involved in the above citation was the order of the Superintendent of Police was in typed pro forma, thereby whether there was application of mind by the Superintendent of Police in authorizing the junior officer to investigate. The said decision did not deal with a situation where investigation is done prior to registration of FIR and hence has no relevance to the point in issue. 40. From the above, it is clear that the prosecution is not justified in conducting investigation before registration of FIR in the guise of preliminary enquiry and investigation for a period of about 18 months is beyond the 7 days period said to be permissible as laid down in Lalita Kumari's case referred to supra. 41. FIR in a criminal case is a vital and valuable piece of evidence though not a substantive piece of material. The object of registering FIR in respect of commission of an offence is to [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (31 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] obtain early information regarding the nature of crime and names of the culprits and part played by them as well as names of the eye-witnesses present at the time of incident. Delay in lodging the FIR, loses the advantage of spontaneity, danger creeps in of the introduction of coloured version, exaggerated account or concocted story as a result of large number of consultations/deliberations. Promptly lodged FIR reflects first hand information as to what has happened, and who was responsible for such an offence. 42. In the circumstances, the Lokayukta police have committed grave error of law in proceeding to conduct a preliminary enquiry for a substantial period of about 18 months before registering the FIR and such a preliminary enquiry without registering the FIR is impermissible in law vitiating the entire proceedings and it is abuse of process of the Court. Accordingly, the Point No.1 is answered. 29. That in matter of Anju Chaudhary Vs. State of Uttar Pradesh [Criminal Appeal No. 2039 OF 2012], it was held that, The First Information Report is a very important document, besides that it sets the machinery of criminal law in motion. It is a very material document on which the entire case of the prosecution is built. Upon registration of FIR, beginning of investigation in a case, collection of evidence during investigation and formation of the final opinion is the sequence which results in filing of a report under Section 173 of the Code. Since, the registration of FIR sets the machinery [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (32 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] of criminal law in motion, and thereafter investigation begins, in such circumstances it is not permissible to investigate, search and seizure, arrest and detention before the registration of FIR. bl izdj.k esa fopkj.kh; fcanqvksa dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, naM izfdz;k lafgrk 1973 dh /kkjk 50 ¼/kkjk 52 ch,u,l,l½ dks ;gka m)fjr fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr gksxk%& 50. Person arrested to be informed of grounds of arrest and of right to bail. (1) Every police officer or other person arresting any person without warrant shall forthwith communicate to him full particulars of the offence for which he is arrested or other grounds for such arrest. (2) Where a police officer arrests without warrant any person other than a person accused of a non-bailable offence, he shall inform the person arrested that he is entitled to be released on bail and that he may arrange for sureties on his behalf. Vihaan Kumar Versus State of Haryana & Anr., SLP No. 13320/2024; order dated 07.02.2025. esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr mDr fu.kZ; ds lqlaxr Hkkx dks ;gka m)fjr fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr gksxk%& CONCLUSIONS 21. Therefore, we conclude: a) The requirement of informing a person arrested of grounds of arrest is a mandatory requirement of Article 22(1): b) The information of the grounds of arrest must be provided to the arrested person in such a manner that sufficient knowledge of the [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (33 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] basic facts constituting the grounds is imparted and communicated to the arrested person effectively in the language which he understands. The mode and method of communication must be such that the object of the constitutional safeguard is achieved: c) When arrested accused alleges non-compliance with the requirements of Article 22(1), the burden will always be on the Investigating Officer/Agency to prove compliance with the requirements of Article 22(1): d) Non-compliance with Article 22(1) will be a violation of the fundamental rights of the accused guaranteed by the said Article. Moreover, it will amount to a violation of the right to personal liberty guaranteed by Article 21 of the Constitution. Therefore, non-compliance with the requirements of Article 22(1) vitiates the arrest of the accused. Hence, further orders passed by a criminal court of remand are also vitiated. Needless to add that it will not vitiate the Investigation, charge sheet and trial. But, at the same time, filing of chargesheet will not validate a breach of constitutional mandate under Article 22(1): e) When an arrested person is produced before a Judicial Magistrate for remand, it is the duty of the Magistrate to ascertain whether compliance with Article 22(1) and other mandatory safeguards has been made: and 1) When a violation of Article 22(1) is established, it is the duty of the court to forthwith order the release of the accused. That will be a ground to grant bail even if statutory restrictions on the grant of bail exist. The statutory restrictions do not affect the power of the court to grant bail when the violation of Articles 21 and 22 of the Constitution is established. [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (34 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] bl izdj.k esa iqfyl fujh{kd Hkz"Vkpkj fujks/kd foHkkx dks lw= lwpuk tks fdlh izdkj ls fyf[kr esa ugha gS] ls ;g Kkr gqvk fd uxj fuxe xzsVj ds vf/kdkjh vkSj deZpkjh uxj fuxe ds Bsdsnkjksa ls muds dk;ksZa ds fcyksa ds Hkqxrku djus dh ,ot esa 2 ls 3 izfr'kr dh /ku jkf'k crkSj deh'ku fj'or ds :i esa ys jgs gSa] bl lwpuk ds vk/kkj ij ;kph@vfHk;qDr vpys'oj eh.kk] foRrh; lykgdkj] uxj fuxe xzsVj] xksfoUnz vxzoky mQZ xksih vxzoky] /kudqekj vxzoky] vfuy vxzoky] xaxkjke eh.kk rFkk vfHk"ksd tSu mQZ VhVw] xaxkjke eh.kk] ;rsUnz lka[kyk ds eksckby uacj dks vUrkojks/k ij fy;k x;k] mlds vk/kkj ij ;g ik;k fd ;kph@vfHk;qDr /kudqekj ls fj'or jkf'k ysdj vius ?kj esa x;k gS] rFkk mlds dCts ls mDr fj'or jkf'k cjken gks ldrh gS bl ij Hkz"Vkpkj fujks/kd foHkkx }kjk ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds ?kj esa izos'k fd;k x;k rks fj'or dh dksbZ jkf'k cjken ugha gqbZA ryk'kh ds nkSjku xksfoUnz dqekj vzxoky mQZ xksih vxzoky vk;k vkSj mlds }kjk ykbZ xbZ tqykbZ 2020 ls fnukad 29-12-2021 rd flfoy dkUVªsDVlZ ds fuekZ.k dk;ksZa dh cdk;k jkf'k dh lwph ls vUos"k.k ds nkSjku ;g Li"V ugha gqvk fd mDr lwph esa fj'or dh jkf'k dh dksbZ ekax gks ;k izkIr dh xbZ gksA ;kph@vfHk;qDr dh ryk'kh ds nkSjku daI;wVj ls fudkyh xbZ lwph ftlesa dkWUVªsDVj ds uke fy[ks gq, Fks vkSj vad fy[ks gq, Fks] tCr dh xbZA mlls Hkh ;g izFke n`"V~;k Li"V ugha gqvk gS fd dksbZ fj'or dh jkf'k dh ekax ;kph@vfHk;qDr }kjk dh xbZ gks ;k izkIr dh xbZ gksA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds ?kj dh ryk'kh fnukad 07-01-2022 dks 11-00 ih-,e ij dh xbZ] mlls fj'or dh dksbZ jkf'k cjken ugha gqbZ gSA lgvfHk;qDr /kudqekj dksbZ fj'or dh jkf'k yk;k gks mldh iqf"V esa ;kph@vfHk;qDr ls dksbZ cjkenxh ugha gSA vfHk;kstu }kjk ;g dgkuh cukbZ xbZ gS fd ;kph@vfHk;qDr us QeksZa ds fcy ds Hkqxrku dh ,ot esa deh'ku dh jkf'k izkIr djus ds [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (35 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] fy, vfuy vxzoky dks vf/kd`r fd;k vkSj mlus deh'ku esa ykbZ xbZ jkf'k 11 yk[k 95 gtkj #i, vius ?kj esa j[ksA mDr 11 yk[k 95 gtkj #i, dkSu&dkSulh QeksZa ls] fdruh jkf'k fdl fdl dk;Z ds fy, deh'ku ds :i esa izkIr dh xbZ blds laca/k esa dksbZ foLr`r vuqla/kku bl izdj.k esa ugha gqvk gSA vfHk;kstu dgkuh esa ;g Hkh crk;k x;k gS fd mDr 11 yk[k 95 gtkj #i, dh jkf'k dks ysus ds fy, lqfer 'kekZ vfuy vxzoky ds ?kj ij x;k vkSj mldh iRuh ls mDr #i, ysdj vius dk;kZy; esa j[k fn, vkSj ;kph@vfHk;qDr us lqfer 'kekZ dks 3 yk[k 50 gtkj #i, fo|qr Bsdsnkj egsUnz >k ls fnyok, FksA mDr jkf'k Hkh lqfer 'kekZ us vius dk;kZy; esa j[khA mDr 11 yk[k 95 gtkj #i, lqfer 'kekZ us Mk;esa'ku baQzkLVªDpj izkbZosV fyfeVsM ds vkWfQl esa ykdj Jh y{ehdkar egkoj dks ns nh vkSj mDr 11 yk[k 95 gtkj #i, dh jkf'k esa ls 11 yk[k 45 gtkj #i, y{ehdkar egkoj us dSyk'k pUn eh.kk dks ns fn, vkSj 3 yk[k 50 gtkj #i, dh jkf'k esa ls 2 yk[k #i, dh jkf'k daiuh esa [kpZ dj nhA y{ehdkar egkoj us dSyk'k pUn eh.kk dks 11 yk[k 95 gtkj #i, dh jkf'k esa ls 11 yk[k 45 gtkj #i, fn, gksa bl laca/k esa dSyk'k pUn eh.kk ls bl izdj.k esa dksbZ cjkenxh ugha gqbZ gSA fo|qr Bsdsnkj egs'k >k ls lqfer 'kekZ us 3 yk[k 50 gtkj #i, ysdj y{ehdkUr egkoj dks fn, Fks] ;fn og fj'or dh jkf'k gksrh rks og 2 yk[k #i, y{ehdkUr egkoj daiuh ds dk;ksZa esa [kpZ ugha djrkA 11 yk[k 95 gtkj #i, dh jkf'k esa ls 'ks"k cps gq, 50 gtkj #i, vkSj 3 yk[k 50 gtkj #i, dh jkf'k esa ls [kpkZ yxHkx 2 yk[k fudky dj 'ks"k cps 1-5 yk[k #i,] dqy 2 yk[k #i, y{ehdkUr egkoj dh vyekjh esa ls tCr gq, gSaA loZizFke izFken`"V;k bl izdj.k esa ;g LI"V ugha gqvk fd vfuy vxzoky us dkSu&dkSulh QeZ ls fdruh&fdruh jkf'k deh'ku ds :i esa fj'or ds fy, yh vkSj mlds fy, ;kph@vfHk;qDr us vfuy vxzoky dks vf/kd`r fd;k gksA mDr [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (36 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] jkf'k 11 yk[k 95 gtkj #i, dSls vkSj fdu vk/kkjksa ij gqbZ ;g Li"V ugha gSA vfuy dqekj dh iRuh ls lqfer 'kekZ }kjk jkf'k ykuk] lqfer 'kekZ }kjk mDr jkf'k vkSj fo|qr Bsdsnkj egs'k >k ls yh xbZ 3-5 yk[k #i, dh jkf'k dks ysdj daiuh ds vkWfQl esa y{ehdkUr egkoj dks nsuk vkSj y{ehdkUr egkoj }kjk 11 yk[k 95 gtkj #i, dh jkf'k esa ls 11 yk[k 45 gtkj #i, dSyk'k pUn eh.kk dks nsuk tks dSyk'k pUn eh.kk ls tCr ugha gksuk vkSj 3-5 yk[k #i, esa ls 2 yk[k #i, y{ehdkUr }kjk daiuh ds laca/k esa [kpZ djuk vkSj 'ks"k cps 2 yk[k #i, y{ehdkUr egkoj ls tCr gksus ds ihNs ;kph@vfHk;qDr Fkk ;k mDr fj'or jkf'k mlds }kjk yh xbZ Fkh] bl izdkj dh dksbZ lk{; VsyhQksu okrkZvksa ls] fy, x, QksVksxzkQ ls vkSj ohfM;ks ls lkeus ugha vkbZ gSA bl izdj.k esa ;g Lohd`r fLFkfr gS fd fnukad 08-01-2022 jkstukepk vke jiV la[;k 208 le; 5-15 izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ la[;k 5@2022 ntZ dh xbZ Fkh] mlls iwoZ gh fnukad 07-01-2022 dks 10-30 ,-,e ij Hkz"Vkpkj fujks/kd foHkkx }kjk fcuk fdlh ryk'kh okjaV ds ;k fcuk fdlh iq[rk lcwr vkSj lwpuk ds vk/kkj ij ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds edku esa vukf/kd`r izos'k dj ryk'kh yh] bl laca/k esa ryk'kh okjaV izkIr ugha fd;k x;kA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds dCts ls dksbZ fj'or dh jkf'k cjken ugha gqbZA fnukad 07-01-2022 dks 10-35 ih-,e ij vfHk;qDr dks fxj¶rkj fd;k x;k o fnukad 08-01-2022 dks 5-00 ih-,e- ij ;kph@vfHk;qDr dks eftLVªsV ds fuokl ij igqqapdj fnukad 11-01-2022 rd mls iqfyl vfHkj{kk esa fy;k x;kA fnukad 08-01-2022 dks vfHk;qDr dks 5-00 ih-,e- ij eftLVªsV ds le{k is'k djus ds i'pkr bl izdj.k esa fnukad 08-01-2022 dks 5-15 ij izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djk;h x;hA ,lh fLFkfr esa ;g Li"V gS fd bl izdj.k esa izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ fd;s tkus ls iwoZ izkFkhZ@vfHk;qDr ds ?kj dh ryk'kh fcuk okjaV ds yh xbZ] [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (37 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] tCrh dh x;h o vfHk;qDr dks fxj¶rkj fd;k x;k o eftLVªsV ds le{k iqfyl vfHkj{kk okjaV ysus ds fy, izLrqr fd;k x;kA izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ fd;s tkus ls iwoZ gh fcuk fdlh iq[rk lk{; o lcwr ds fcuk ryk'kh okjaV o l{ke izkf/kdkjh ls ryk'kh okjaV izkIr fd;s fcuk izkFkhZ@vfHk;qDr ds ?kj esa ?kqldj ryk'kh fy;k tkuk] nLrkost tCr fd;k tkuk] mls fxj¶rkj fd;k tkuk] mldks izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djus ls iwoZ eftLVªsV ds le{k iqfyl vfHkj{kk ds fy, izLrqr fd;k tkuk] mijksDr fofu'p;ksa o fof/k }kjk izfrikfnr fl)karksa ds rgr Hkz"Vkpkj fujks/kd foHkkx dk mDr d`R; fof/k ds vuq:i ugha ekuk tk ldrk gSA vr% mDr d`R; ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 21 esa iznÙk futrk ds vf/kdkj dk mYya?ku ekuk tk ldrk gSA bl izdj.k esa ;kph@vfHk;qDr dks fnukad 07-01-2022 dks 10-35 ih-,e- ij fxj¶rkj fd;k x;kA mDr QnZ fxj¶rkjh dk voyksdu djsa rks ;kph@vfHk;qDr dks fdu vk/kkjksa ij fxj¶rkj fd;k x;k] mldh fxj¶rkjh ds D;k dkj.k gSa] mls izdj.k esa cpko ds fy, fof/kd lykg vf/koDrk ls ysus dk vf/kdkj gS] bu rF;ksa ds laca/k esa fcYdqy Hkh voxr ugha djok;k x;k] uk gh bu rF;ksa dk mYys[k ;kph@vfHk;qDr dh QnZ fxj¶rkjh fnukad 07-01-2022 esa fd;k x;k gSA dsoy ;kph@vfHk;qDr dh fxj¶rkjh dh lwpuk ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds crk, vuqlkj mlds iq= vHk; eh.kk dks eksckbZy ij fn;k tkuk crk;k x;k gSA mlds iq= vHk; eh.kk dks eksckbZy ij lwpuk nh x;h ;k ugh] blds laca/k esa dksbZ lk{; izLrqr ugh gqbZ gSA ;fn ;g ekuk Hkh tkos fd ;kph@vfHk;qDr dh fxj¶rkjh dh lwpuk mlds iq= vHk; eh.kk dks nh xbZ Fkh] rc Hkh ;kph@vfHk;qDr dks fxj¶rkjh ds vk/kkj o dkj.k ds ckjs esa voxr djk;k x;k gks] ;g bl izdj.k esa Li"V ugh gSA bl izdj.k esa ;g Li"V gS fd fcuk izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ds Hkz"Vkpkj fujks/kd foHkkx }kjk ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds ikl fj'or dh jkf'k [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (38 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] gksus dh iqf"V iq[rk lcwr ds fcuk] ryk'kh okjaV ds fcuk mlds ?kj esa izos'k dj ?kj dh ryk'kh yh vkSj nLrkost dh tCrh dh vkSj fj'or dh jkf'k ugha feyus ij vkSj mls [kqnZ&cqnZ djus ds rF; dgsA ;kph@vfHk;qDr us mDr fj'or dh jkf'k dgka [kqnZ&cqnZ dh] blds laca/k esa dksbZ lk{; ugha tqVkbZ x;h gSA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds ?kj dh ryk'kh ysrs le; ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fuokl ds vklikl ds tks LFkkuh; nks lk{khx.k gSa] mudh mifLFkfr esa fu;ekuqlkj ryk'kh yh tkuh pkfg,] ysfdu bl izdj.k esa bl izdkj ryk'kh ugha yh x;hA dsoy iqfyldehZ nsosUnz flag o euh"k flag dh mifLFkfr esa ryk'kh yh x;h gS] tks Lora= lk{kh ugha ekus tk ldrs gSaA bl izdj.k esa tCrh dh dk;Zokgh l{ke {ks=kf/kdkj okys eftLVªsV dks Hksth x;h gks] ;g Li"V ugh gSA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds dCts ls feyh lwph o nLrkost fy;s tkdj izkIr fd;s x;s gksa] tks fdlh vijk/k dks ?kfVr gksus dks Li"V djrs gksa] bl izdkj ds dksbZ rF; vUos"k.k ds nkSjku ugha tqVk;s x;s gSaA ,slh fLFkfr esa mijksDr foospukuqlkj Hkz"Vkpkj fujks/kd foHkkx }kjk dh x;h dk;Zokgh /kkjk 100] /kkjk 102 o /kkjk 103 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk esa of.kZr izko/kkuksa ds rgr mDr izko/kkuksa ds mYya?ku ds QyLo:i dh xbZ dk;Zokgh ekuh tk ldrh gSA dsoy O;fDr;ksa ds VsyhQksu dks VSi djus esa fd, x, dFku ds vk/kkj ij ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo#) ekeyk cuk;k x;k gS vkSj mDr dFkuksa ls Hkh ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo#) vkjksfir vijk/k izFken`"V;k cuus ugha ik, x, gSaA bl laca/k esa QnZ fxj¶rkjh esa dksbZ vk/kkj ugha fy, x, gSa] ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo#) vkjksfir vijk/k vf/kdre 7 o"kZ ls naMuh; vijk/k gS] ,sls LFkfr esa Arnesh Kumar Vs. State of Bihar (2014) 8 SCC 273 fofu'p; esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk vfHkfu/kkZfjr fl)kar rFkk lhvkjihlh dh /kkjk 41, esas of.kZr izko/kkuksa ds rgr ;kph@vfHk;qDr dks fxj¶rkjh ls iwoZ dksbZ uksfVl ugha fn;k x;k gSA /kkjk 50¼1½ naM izfdz;k lafgrk ds rgr ;kph@vfHk;qDr dks fxj¶rkjh ds vk/kkjksa o [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (39 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] dkj.kksa dk o mldh ilan ds vf/koDrk ls fof/kd lykg ysus dk vf/kdkj ugha fn;k x;k gSA fcuk fdlh U;k;laxr o mfpr vk/kkj ds fj'or dh jkf'k dh ekax dk vkjksi] fj'or dh jkf'k tCr fd, fcuk] izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ fd, fcuk fdlh U;k;laxr mfpr vk/kkj ds ;kph@vfHk;qDr dks fxj¶rkj fd;k tkuk /kkjk 41] 41, vkSj 50 lhvkjihlh ¼/kkjk 35 vkSj 47 ch,u,l,l½ lifBr Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn /kkjk 21 rFkk 22 dk mYya?ku gksus ds dkj.k ls ;kph@vfHk;qDr dh fxj¶rkjh vkSj mldk fu#)hdj.k fof/k dh n`f"V ls iw.kZr% voS/kkfud] vlaoS/kkfud ekuk tk ldrk gSA fopkj.kh; fcUnq la[;k&2 D;k /kkjk 5 Hkkjrh; VsyhxzkQ vf/kfu;e] 1885 lifBr bafM;u VsyhxzkQ :Yl] 1951 ds fu;e 419 lifBr Hkkjrh; lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh vf/kfu;e] 2000 dh /kkjk 69 ds rgr ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds VsyhQksu VSi vkSj QksVksxzkQksa rFkk ohfM;ks dh vuqefr fof/k vuq:i l{ke izkf/kdkjh }kjk nh xbZ gS\ vkSj ;fn ugha] rks D;k ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 19 o 21 esa iznÙk Lora=rk o futrk ds vf/kdkj dk mYya?ku gqvk gS\ mijksDr fopkj.kh; fcanq dks fofuf'pr fd, tkus ls iwoZ lqlaxr /kkjkvksa o fofu'p;ksa dks ;gka vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr izrhr gksrk gS%& /kkjk 5 Hkkjrh; VsyhxzkQ vf/kfu;e] 1885%& 5. Power for Government to take possession of licensed telegraphs and to order interception of messages.-- (1) On the occurrence of any public emergency, or in the interest of the public safety, the Central Government or a State Government or any officer specially authorised in this behalf by the Central Government or a State Government may, if satisfied that it is necessary or expedient so to do, take [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (40 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] temporary possession (for so long as the public emergency exists or the interest of the public safety requires the taking of such action) of any telegraph established, maintained or worked by any person licensed under this Act. (2) On the occurrence of any public emergency, or in the interest of the public safety, the Central Government or a State Government or any officer specially authorised in this behalf by the Central Government or a State Government may, if satisfied that it is necessary or expedient so to do in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States or public order or for preventing incitement to the commission of an offence, for reasons to be recorded in writing, by order, direct that any message or class of messages to or from any person or class of persons, or relating to any particular subject, brought for transmission by or transmitted or received by any telegraph, shall not be transmitted, or shall be intercepted or detained, or shall be disclosed to tho Government making the order or an officer thereof mentioned in the order: Provided that press messages intended to be published in India of correspondents accredited to the Central Government or a State Government shall not be intercepted or detained, unless their transmission has been prohibited under this sub-section. /kkjk 69 lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh vf/kfu;e%& 69. Power to issue directions for interception or monitoring or decryption of any information through any computer resource. - [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (41 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] (1) Where the Central Government or a State Government or any of its officers specially authorised by the Central Government or the State Government, as the case may be, in this behalf may, if satisfied that it is necessary or expedient to do in the interest of the sovereignty or integrity of India, defence of India, security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States or public order or for preventing incitement to the commission of any cognizable offence relating to above or for investigation of any offence, it may, subject to the provisions of sub-section (2), for reasons to be recorded in writing, by order, direct any agency of the appropriate Government to intercept, monitor or decrypt or cause to be intercepted or monitored or decrypted any information generated, transmitted, received or stored in any computer resource. fu;e 419, Hkkjrh; VsyhxzkQ fu;e] 1951%& "(2)Any order issued by the competent authority under sub- rule (1) shall contain reasons for such direction and a copy of such order shall be forwarded to the concerned Review Committee within a period of seven working days. (3) While issuing directions under sub-rule (1) the officer shall consider possibility of acquiring the necessary information by other means and the directions under sub-rule (1) shall be issued only when it is not possible to acquire the information by any other reasonable means. (5) The directions shall specify the name and designation of the officer or the authority to whom the intercepted message or class of messages is to be disclosed and also specify that the [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (42 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] use of intercepted message or class of messages shall be subject to the provisions of sub-section (2) of Section 5 of the said Act (16) The Central Government and the State Government, as the case may be, shall constitute a Review Committee. The Review Committee to be constituted by the Central Government shall consist of the following, namely: (a) Cabinet Secretary - Chairman (b) Secretary to the Government of India Incharge, Legal Affairs Member (c) Secretary to the Government of India, Department of Telecommunications Member The Review Committee to be constituted by a State Government shall consist of the following, namely: (a) Chief Secretary - Chairman (b) Secretary Law/Legal Remembrancer Incharge, Legal Affairs Member (c) Secretary to the State Government (other than the Home Secretary) Member (17) The Review Committee shall meet at least once in two months and record its findings whether the directions issued under sub-rule (1) are in accordance with the provisions of sub- section (2) of Section 5 of the said Act. When the Review Committee is of the opinion that the directions are not in accordance with the provisions referred to above it may set aside the directions and orders for destruction of the copies of the intercepted message or class of messages. [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (43 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] (18) Records pertaining to such directions for interception and of intercepted messages shall be destroyed by the relevant competent authority and the authorized security and Law Enforcement Agencies every six months unless these are, or likely to be, required for functional requirements. ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk vius fofu'p; People's Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) Vs. Union of India & Anr., (1997) 1 SCC 301 esa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd%& "26. Learned Counsel assisting us in this case have not seriously challenged the constitutional vires of Section 5(2) of the Act. In this respect it would be useful to refer to the observations of this Court in Hukam Chand Shyam Lai v. Union of India and Ors.: Section 5(1) if properly construed, does not confer unguided and unbridled power on the Central Government/State Government specially authorised officer to take possession of any telegraph. Firstly, the occurrence of a "public emergency" is the sine qua non for the exercise of power under this section. As a preliminary step to the exercise of further jurisdiction under this section the Government or the authority concerned must record its satisfaction as to existence of such an emergency. Further, the existence of the emergency which is a pre-requisite for the exercise of power under this section, must be a 'public emergency and not any other kind of emergency. The expression 'public emergency has not been defined in the statute, but contours broadly delineating its scope and features are discernible from the section which as to be read as a whole. In Sub-section (1) the phrase 'occurrence of any public [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (44 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] emergency is connected with and is immediately followed by the phrase "or in the interests of the public safety". These two phrases appear to take colour from each other. In the first part of Sub-section (2) those two phrases again occur in association with each other, and the context further clarifies with amplification that a 'public emergency within the contemplation of this section is one which raises problems concerning the interest of the public safety, the sovereignty and integrity or India, the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States of public order or the prevention of incitement to the commission of al offence. It is in the context of these matters that the appropriate authority has to form an opinion with regard to the occurrence of a 'public emergency" with a view to taking further action under this section. Economic emergency is not one of those matters expressly mentioned in the statute. Mere 'economic emergency-as the High Court calls it may not necessarily amount to a 'public emergency and justify action under this section unless it raises problems relating to the matters indicated in the section. "28. Section 5(2) of the Act permits the interception of messages in accordance with the provisions of the said Section. "Occurrence of any public emergency" or "in the interest of public safety are the sine qua non. for the application of the provisions of Section 5(2) of the Apt. Unless a public emergency has occurred or the interest of public safety demands, the authorities have no jurisdiction to exercise the powers under the said Section. Public emergency would mean the prevailing of a sudden condition [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (45 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] or state of affairs affecting the people at large calling for immediate action. The expression "public safety" means the state or condition of freedcm from danger or risk for the people at large. When either of these two conditions are not in existence, the Central Government or a State Government or the authorised officer cannot resort to telephone tapping even though there is satisfaction that it is necessary or expedient so to do in the interests of sovereignty and integrity of India etc. In other words, even if the Central Government is satisfied that it is necessary or expedient so to do in the interest of the sovereignty and integrity of India or the security of the State or friendly relations with sovereign States or public order or for preventing incitement to the commission of an offence, it cannot intercept the messages or resort to telephone tapping unless a public emergency has occurred or the interest of public safety or the existence of the interest of public safety requires. Neither the occurrence of public emergency nor the interest of public safety are secretive conditions or situations. Either of the situations would be apparent to a reasonable person. 29. The first step under Section 5(2) of the Act, therefore, is the occurrence of any public emergency of the existence of a public-safety interest. Thereafter the competent authority under Section 5(2) of the Act is empowered to pass an order of interception after recording its satisfaction that it is necessary or expedient so to do in the interest of (i) sovereignty and integrity of India, (ii) the security of the State, (iii) friendly relations with foreign States, (iv) public [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (46 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] order or (v) for preventing incitement to the commission of an offence. When any of the five situations mentioned above to the satisfaction of the competent authority require then the said authority may pass the order for interception of messages by recording reasons in writing for doing so. 30. The above analysis of Section 5(2) of the Act shows that so far the power to intercept messages/conversations is concerned the Section clearly lays-down the situations/conditions under which it can be exercised. But the substantive law as laid down in Section 5(2) of the Act must have procedural backing so that the exercise of power is fair and reasonable. The said procedure itself must be just, fair and reasonable. It has been settled by this Court in Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, that "procedure which deals with the modalities of regulating, restricting or even rejecting a fundamental right falling within Article 21 has to be fair, not foolish, carefully designed to effectuate, not to subvert, the substantive right itself. Thus, understood, "procedure" must rule out anything arbitrary, freakish or bizarre. A valuable constitutional right can be canalised only by civilised processes". 31. We are of the view that there is considerable force in the contention of Mr. Rajinder Sachar, Mr. Kapil Sibal and Dr. Rajiv Dhawan that no procedure has been prescribed for the exercise of the power under Section 5(2) of the Act. It is not disputed that no rules have been framed under Section 7(2)(b) of the Act for providing the precautions to be taken for preventing the improper interception or disclosure of messages. In the absence of just [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (47 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] and fair procedure for regulating the exercise of power under Section 5(2) of the Act, it is not possible to safeguard the rights of the citizens guaranteed under Articles 19(1)(a) and 21 of the Constitution of India. The CBI investigation has revealed several lapses in the execution of the orders passed under Section 5(2) of the Act. Paras 21 and 22 of the report have already been quoted in the earlier part of this judgment." ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk vius fofu'p; Kharak Singh v/s State of Uttar Pradesh dk lqlaxr Hkkx ;gka m)fjr fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr gksxk%& "In an uncivilized society where there are no inhibitions, only physical restraints may detract from personal liberty, but as civilization advances the psychological restraints are more effective than physical ones. The scientific methods used to condition a man's mind are in a real sense physical restraints, for they engender physical fear channelling one's actions through anticipated and expected grooves. So also the creation of conditions which necessarily engender inhibitions and fear complexes can be described as physical restraints. Further, the right to personal liberty takes in not only a right to be free from restrictions placed on his movements, but also free from encroachments on his private life. It is true our Constitution does not expressly declare a right to privacy as a fundamental right, but the said right is an essential ingredient of personal liberty. Every democratic country sanctifies domestic life; it is expected to give him rest, physical happiness, peace of mind and security. In the last resort, a person's house, where he lives with his family, is his "castle"; it is his rampart against encroachment [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (48 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] on his personal liberty. The pregnant words of that famous Judge, Frankfurter J., in Wolf v. Colorado [[1949] 238 US 25] pointing out the importance of the security of one's privacy against arbitrary intrusion by the police, could have no less application to an Indian home as to an American one. If physical restraints on a person's movements affect his personal liberty, physical encroachments on his private life would affect it in a larger degree. Indeed, nothing is more deleterious to a man's physical happiness and health than a calculated interference with his privacy. We would, therefore, define the right of personal liberty in Article 21 as a right of an individual to be free from restrictions or encroachments on his person, whether those restrictions or encroachments are directly imposed or indirectly brought about by calculated measures. If so understood, all the acts of surveillance under PART D Regulation 236 infringe the fundamental right of the petitioner under Article 21 of the Constitution."19 (emphasis supplied) Significantly, both Justice Rajagopala Ayyangar for the majority and Justice Subba Rao in his dissent rely upon the observations of Justice Frankfurter in Wolf v Colorado which specifically advert to privacy. The majority, while relving upon them to invalidate domiciliary visits at night, regards the sanctity of the home as part of ordered liberty. In the context of other provisions of the regulation, the majority declines to recognise a right of privacy as a constitutional protection. Justice Subba Rao recognised a constitutional by protected right to privacy, considering it as an ingredient of personal liberty. [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (49 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] blh Øe esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk fofu'p; Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) and Anr. Vs. Union of India and Ors. (2017) 10 SCC 1 esa ;g er O;Dr fd;k gS fd%& "Telephone conversations were construed to be an important ingredient of privacy and the tapping of such conversations was held to infringe Article 21, unless permitted by 'procedure established by law". blh Øe esa bl U;k;ky; dh led{k ihB }kjk fofu'p; Shashikant Joshi v/s State of Rajasthan [CRLW 565 OF 2022] Order dated 04/07/2023, esa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd%& "When the statute provides procedural safeguards to prevent arbitrary infringement of the rights to privacy, it must be strictly followed. In other words, required mandates could not have been ignored or superceded by the State or its machinery leading to offend the right under Article 19 and 21 of the Constitution of India. If the directions of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in PUCL' case (supra) which has been reinforced and approved by the Hon'ble Apex Court in Puttaswamy's case (supra) as well as mandates of Acts and Rules are allowed to be flouted to affect illegal interception of messages it would lead to breeding contempt and arbitrariness." ekuuh; enzkl mPp U;k;ky; }kjk vius fu.kZ; P. Kishore v. The Secretary to the Government and others esa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd%& "63. This Court is unable to accept this submission since the boundaries for invasion of a fundamental right through the medium of enacted law is a function of the Legislature and not the Court. Section 5(2) of the Act has set out the Lakshman [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (50 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] Rekha and the role of the Court is confined to seeing as to whether the threshold is not crossed. As sentinels on the qui vive, the Courts are gatekeepers of Fundamental Rights. Gate keepers cannot become gate makers to reposition the gates as and when the Executive requires without the intervention of the Legislature as pointed out by H.R.Khanna, J in the case of Godavari Sugar Mills Ltd. Vs. S.B.Kamble (reported in 1975 (1) SCC 696]"........ 64. That apart, the above contention cannot be accepted since this Court is bound by the interpretation put upon Section 5(2) of the Act in paragraph 28 of the decision of the Hon'ble Apex Court in People's Union for Civil Liberties, which has also been approved by the Constitution Bench decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in K.S. Puttaswamy (Aadhaar-5J) Vs. Union of India (reported in 2019 (1) SCC 1]. The judgement concluded; CONCLUSIONS: 97. The result of the above discussions can be summed up as follows: "i. The right to privacy is now an integral part of the right to life and personal liberty guaranteed under Article 21 of The Constitution of India. ii. Telephone tapping constitutes a violation of the right to privacy unless justified by a procedure established by law. Section 5(2) of the Act authorizes interception of telephones on the occurrence of a public emergency or in the interests of public safety. Both these contingencies are not secretive conditions or situations. Either of the situations would be apparent to a reasonable person. As laid down in paragraph 28 [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (51 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] of the decision of the Hon'ble Apex Court in People's Union for Civil Liberties, it is only when the above two situations exist that the Authority may pass an order directing interception of messages after recording its satisfaction that it is necessary or expedient so to do in the interest of (1) the sovereignty and integrity of India, (2) the security of the State, (3) friendly relations with foreign States, (4) public order or (5) for preventing incitement to the commission of an offence. iii. In the instant case, the impugned order dated 12.8.2011 does not fall either within the rubric of "public emergency" or "in the interests of public safety" as explained by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of People's Union for Civil Liberties. The facts disclose that it was a covert operation/secretive situation for detection of crime, which would not be apparent to any reasonable person. As the law presently stands, a situation of this nature does not fall within the four corners of Section 5(2) of the Act as expounded by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of People's Union for Civil Liberties, which has been approved by the Constitution Bench of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in K.S.Puttaswamy (Aadhaar-5J) Vs. Union of India [reported in 2019 (1) SCC 1]. iv. The respondents have also contravened Rule 419-A(17) of the Rules by failing to place the intercepted material before the Review Committee within the stipulated time to examine as to whether the interception was made in compliance with Section 5(2) of the Act. [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (52 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] v. As a consequence of (iii) and (iv) above, the impugned order dated 12.8.2011 must necessarily be set aside as unconstitutional and one without jurisdiction. Besides violating Article 21, it is also ultra vires Section 5(2) of the Act besides being in violation of the mandatory provisions of Rule 419-A of the Rules. vi. It follows that the intercepted conversations collected pursuant to the impugned order dated 12.8.2011 in violation of Section 5(2) of the Act and Rule 419-A(17) of the Rules shall not be used for any purposes whatsoever." mijksDr fopkj.kh; fcUnq ds laca/k esa ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk rdZ jgk gS fd bl izdj.k esas ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds eksckby uacj dks varkojks/k ij fy;k x;k vFkkZr~ eksckby dks VSi fd;k x;kA blds vfrfjDr Hkz"Vkpkj fujks/kd foHkkx us fof/kd :i ls tklwlh dj ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds QksVksxzkQ vkSj ohfM;ks fcuk mldh vuqefr ds ;k l{ke izkf/kdkjh ds vuqefr ds fcuk fy,A ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds eksckby uacj 9166555111 dks VSi djus ds fy, egkfuns'kd ,lhch] t;iqj us lfpo ¼x`g½ jktLFkku ljdkj t;iqj dks fnukad 14-10-2021 dks i= fy[kk] ftlesa yksd lqj{kk ds fy, mlds eksckby dh VSfiax dks vko';d crkrs gq, 60 fnol ds fy, eksckby VSfiax ds fy, /kkjk 5¼2½ Hkkjrh; VsyhxzkQ vf/kfu;e] 1985 ds rgr vuqefr pkghA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds VsyhQksu VSi djus esa D;k yksd lqj{kk Fkh] bldk dksbZ mYys[k egkfuns'kd ,lhch] t;iqj us lfpo ¼x`g½ dks fy[ks i= fnukad 14-10-2021 esa ugha fd;kA egkfuns'kd ,lhch] t;iqj us mDr i= fnukad 14-10-2025 ds lkFk tks ijQksekZ ^,* Hkstk] mlesa ;kph dks ihlh ,DV] 1988 ds rgr vijk/k djus esa varoZfyr gksuk crk;k] ysfdu ;kph fdl izdkj varoZfyr Fkk] bldk mYys[k ugha fd;k x;k gSA Hkkjrh; VsyhxzkQ ,DV 1985 dh [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (53 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] /kkjk 5¼2½ esa of.kZr vk/kkj esa ls dkSu lk vk/kkj gS] ftlds vk/kkj ij ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds VsyhQksu dks VSi fd;k tk lds] bldk mYys[k ugha fd;k x;k gSA blds vfrfjDr fo'ks"k lfpo ¼x`g½ us ;kph@vfHk;qDr dk eksckby uacj 60 fnol ds fy, vkns'k fnukad 14-10-2021 ds }kjk yksd lqj{kk gsrq VSi djus dh vuqefr nhA lfpo ¼x`g½ jktLFkku ljdkj us ,slh vuqefr nsus ds fy, fo'ks"k lfpo ¼x`g½ dks vf/kd`r ugha dj j[kk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa izFke rks fo'ks"k lfpo ¼x`g½ }kjk ikfjr vkns'k fnukad 14-10-2021 fof/k&fo#) gSA blds vfrfjDr mDr vkns'k fnukad 14-10-2021 esa fn, x, 60 fnol dh vof/k lekIr gks tkus ds i'pkr ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds eksckby dks VSi ¼vUrkojks/k½ djus gsrq fnukad 13-12-2021 rd vfHko`f) djus ds fy, egkfuns'kd ,lhch] t;iqj us fnukad 06-12-2021 dks lfpo ¼x`g½ jktLFkku dks i= fy[kkA blds vk/kkj ij lfpo ¼x`g½ jktLFkku ljdkj us fnukad 06-12-2021 ds vkns'k ds rgr 60 fnol dh vof/k ds lkFk fnukad 13-12-2021 rd iwoZ esa tkjh vkns'k ds rgr muesa tkjh vkns'k fnukad 14-10-2021 ds rgr ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds eksckby uacj dks VSi djus vkSj ekWfuVfjax djus dh vuqefr ns nhA fnukad 14-10-2021 dks tkjh vkns'k l{ke izkf/kdkjh }kjk tkjh ugha fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj og fof/k dh n`f"V ls 'kwU; Fkk] ,slh fLFkfr esa lfpo ¼x`g½ dh vksj ls tkjh vkns'k fnukad 06-12-2021 izkjafHkd :i ls 'kwU; gSA fo'ks"k lfpo ¼x`g½ o lfpo ¼x`g½ jktLFkku ljdkj o egkfuns'kd ,lhch t;iqj }kjk ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds eksckby uacj dks fof/k esa of.kZr izko/kkuksa dh ikyuk fd;s fcuk varkojks/k ij fy, tkuk] ,lhch t;iqj }kjk mlds QksVksxzk¶l o ohfM;ks cuk, tkuk Hkkjrh; VsyhxzkQ vf/kfu;e] 1885 dh /kkjk 5 lifBr Hkkjrh; VsyhxzkQ fu;e] 1951 ds fu;e 419 lifBr Hkkjrh; lwpuk izks|ksfxdh vf/kfu;e] 2000 dh /kkjk 69 ds rgr fof/k fo#) gSA blds vfrfjDr Hkkjrh; VsyhxzkQ fu;e 1951 ds fu;e 419, esa of.kZr izko/kkuksa ds rgr ,sls VsyhQksu VSi ls [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (54 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] tqM+s ekeys 7 fnol esa iquoZyksdu lfefr ds le{k j[kus gksrs gSa vkSj mDr fu;e] 1951 ds fu;e 4] 5] 16] 7 rFkk 17 ds rgr mDr desVh ds }kjk vkns'k tkjh fd, tk ldrs gSa] ysfdu bl izdj.k esa vkns'k fnukad 14-10-2021 o vfHko`f) vkns'k fnukad 06-12-2021 dks dHkh Hkh iquoZyksdu lfefr ¼fjO;w desVh½ ds le{k 7 fnu esa ugha j[kk x;kA ,slh fLFkfr esa mDr leLr dk;Zokgh vkjaHk ls 'kwU; voS/k gksus ds dkj.k ls vikLr fd, tkus ;ksX; gSA l{ke izkf/kdkjh dh fof/kor Lohd`fr ds fcuk VsyhQksu dks VSi djuk Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 21 esa iznRr futrk ds vf/kdkj dk mYya?ku gSA tSlk fd bl izdj.k esa Li"V gS fd ,lhch t;iqj ds iqfyl fujh{kd dks ;g lwpuk feyh fd ;kph@vfHk;qä èku dqekj uked O;fä ls fj'or dh jkf'k cSx esa ysdj ?kj ij x;k gSA bl lwpuk ds vkèkkj ij ,lhch t;iqj dh vksj ls ;kph@vfHk;qä ds fuokl LFkku ij ryk'kh yh xÃA ;kph@vfHk;qä ds dCts ls dksà fj'or dh jkf'k cjken ugÈ gqÃA vuqlaèkku ds nkSjku ;g rF; lkeus vk;k gS fd ;kph@vfHk;qä èku dqekj ls esfj;V gksVy ds ckgj rFkk vU; LFkkuksa ij feykA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ftu ftu LFkkuksa ij x;k ogka ij ,lhch ds vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk fdlh l{ke izkf/kdkjh dh vuqefr ds fcuk mldh QksVks o ohfM;ks cukbZ xbZA egkfuns'kd ,lhch t;iqj us ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds eksckby uacj 9166555111 dks mlds }kjk yksd lqj{kk dks izHkkfor djus okys vijk/k dks dkfjr djus ds dkj.k ;kph@vfHk;qDr dk eksckbZy Qksu VSi djus ds fy, lfpo ¼x`g½ jktLFkku ls 60 fnol dh vuqefr ekaxhA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ihlh ,DV 1988 ds rgr fdl izdkj vijkf/kd d`R;ksa esa fyIr Fkk vkSj mlds VsyhQksu dks varkojks/k ij ugha ysus ls fdl izdkj yksd lqj{kk dks gkfu gksxh] bl rF; dk mYys[k egkfuns'kd ,lhch t;iqj us lfpo ¼x`g½ jktLFkku ljdkj dks izsf"kr i= fnukad 14-10-2021 vkSj mlds lkFk layXu ijQksekZ&, esa mYysf[kr ugha fd;k u gh bl rF; [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (55 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] dk mYys[k fo'ks"k lfpo ¼x`g½ jktLFkku ljdkj }kjk ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds eksckby dks varkojks/k ¼VSi½ esa fy, tkus dh 60 fnu dh vuqefr ds vkns'k fnukad 14-10-2021 esa fd;k x;kA blds i'pkr egkfuns'kd ,lhch t;iqj us lfpo ¼x`g½ jktLFkku ljdkj dks iqu% ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds eksckby uacj dks fnukad 13-12-2021 rd varkojks/k ¼VSi½ ij fy, tkus dh vuqefr lfpo ¼x`g½ jktLFkku ljdkj t;iqj ls fnukad 06-12-2021 dks ekaxh vkSj mlds lkFk ijQksekZ&ch layXu fd;kA bl ij Hkh bl rF; dk mYys[k ugha fd;k x;k gS fd fdl dkj.k ls muds }kjk ;kph dk Qksu varkojks/k ij fy;k tk jgk gSA lfpo ¼x`g½ jktLFkku ljdkj }kjk fnukad 13-12-2021 rd ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds VsyhQksu dh ekWfuVfjax djus] varkojks/k ¼VSi½ djus dh vuqefr vkns'k fnukad 06-12-2021 ds rgr nh xbZA Hkkjrh; VsyhxzkQ vf/kfu;e 1985 dh /kkjk 5 esa of.kZr izko/kku esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; vkSj ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky;ksa }kjk fofHkUu fofu'p; esa vfHkfu/kkZfjr fl)kar ds vk/kkj ij dsanz ljdkj ;k jkT; ljdkj ;k ,slk vf/kdkjh tks fo'ks"k :i ls dsUnz ;k jkT; ljdkj dh rjQ ls vf/kd`r fd;k x;k gks rks ;g lansg gksus ij fd Hkkjr dh ,drk] laizHkqrk jkT; dh lqj{kk] fons'k jkT;ksa ls fe= laca/k] fdlh vijk/k dks jksdus] yksd lqj{kk vkSj yksd vkikrdky dh fLFkfr gksus dh fLFkfr esa fdlh fLFkfr esa ,sls dkj.kksa dks mYysf[kr djrs gq, fdlh Hkh O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ksa ds oxZ dks mlds VsyhQksu VSi djus ;k lans'k dks nsus ;k ysus ds laca/k esa varkojks/k ij fy;k tk ldrk gS ;k fu#) fd;k tk ldrk gS] ysfdu bl izdj.k esa ,sls fdlh Hkh dkj.kksa dk mYys[k egkfuns'kd ,lhch t;iqj us lfpo ¼x`g½ jktLFkku ljdkj dks izsf"kr i= esa ugha fd;k gS] u gh fo'ks"k lfpo ¼x`g½ vkSj lfpo ¼x`g½ us vius }kjk tkjh vkns'k fnukad 14-10-2021 o fnukad 06-12-2021 esa fdlh dkj.k dk mYys[k fd;k gS] ftlds rgr ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds VsyhQksu dks vkSj eSlst dks varkojks/k ¼VSi½ [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (56 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] ij fy, tkus dh vuqefr iznku dh xbZA fo'ks"k lfpo ¼x`g½ ,slh vuqefr nsus ds fy, l{ke Fkk bl izdkj dk dksbZ nLrkost vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls izLrqr ugha fd;k x;k gSA fcuk l{ke izkf/kdkjh dh vuqefr o vf/kd`r fd;s fcuk fo'ks"k lfpo ¼x`g½] jktLFkku ljdkj }kjk ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds eksckby dks varkojks/k ij fy, tkus dk vkns'k fnukad 14-10-2021 fof/k vuqdwy ugha FkkA ,slh fLFkfr esa lfpo ¼x`g½] jktLFkku ljdkj }kjk ikfjr vkns'k fnukad 06-12-2021 ftlesa iwoZ esa tkjh vkns'k fnukad 14-10-2021 esa of.kZr vk/kkjksa ij vuqefr nh xbZ Fkh] fof/k dh n`f"V ls izHkkoh ugha jgrk gS] tks izkjafHkd :i ls 'kwU; gSA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds eksckby dkWy dks mlds }kjk fj'or fy, tkus ds dksbZ Bksl rFkk iq[rk lcwr ugha gksrs gq, vkSj yksd lqj{kk dks [krjk ugha gksrs gq, rFkk bl lac/k esa dksbZ fo'ks"k dkj.kksa dk mYys[k ugha djrs gq, ;kph@vfHk;qDr dh VsyhQksu ij gqbZ okrkZyki dks varkojks/k ij fy;k tkuk Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 21 ds rgr futrk ds vf/kdkj dk mYya?ku ekuk tk ldrk gSA Hkkjrh; VsyhxzkQ fu;e 1951 ds fu;e 419, ds rgr fo'ks"k lfpo ¼x`g½ vkSj lfpo ¼x`g½ }kjk fnukad 14-10-2021 o fnukad 06-12-2021 dks tks VsyhQksu varkojks/k ¼VSi½ ij fy, tkus dh vuqefr nh xbZ] mDr vuqefr tkjh fd, tkus ls 7 dk;Z fnolesa iquoZyksdu lfefr ¼fjO;w desVh½ dks Hkkjrh; VsyhxzkQ ds fu;e 1951 ds fu;e 419, ds rgr ugha Hksth x;h vkSj fjO;w desVh ds }kjk Hkkjrh; VsyhxzkQ ds fu;e 1951 ds fu;e 419, ds rgr dksbZ vkns'k ugha fn, x,A ,slh fLFkfr esa ,lhch t;iqj }kjk mDr fof/kd izko/kkuksa dh ikyuk fd, fcuk] lfpo ¼x`g½ }kjk mDr fof/kd izko/kkuksa dh ikyuk fd, fcuk tks ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds VsyhQksu dks varkojks/k esa fy, tkus dh vuqefr fnukad 14-10-2021 vkSj fnukad 06-12-2021 dks nh xbZ rFkk iqujkoyksdu ¼fjO;w½ lfefr dks ugha Hksth] Hkkjrh; VsyhxzkQ fu;e 1951 ds fu;e 419, ds rgr fof/kor ugha gksus ds dkj.k ls [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (57 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] voS/kkfud vkSj vlaoS/kkfud gksus ds dkj.k ls vikLr fd, tkus ;ksX; gSA K.S. Puttuswamy (Retd.) and Anr. Vs. Union of India and Ors (2017) 10 SCC 1 o People's Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) Vs. Union of India & Anr., reported in (1997) 1 SCC 301 esa izLrqr fofu'p;ksa esa vfHkfu/kkZfjr fl)kar ds vk/kkj ij VsyhQksu okrkZ fdlh Hkh O;fDr dh futrk dk iz'u gS vkSj ,slh VsyhQksu okrkZ ds VSi dks ;fn fof/k }kjk LFkkfir izfdz;k ds fo#) VSi@varkojks/k esa fy;k tkrk gS rks lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 21 esa iznRr ekSfyd vf/kdkj ds rgr O;fDr dh Lora=rk ds ewy vf/kdkj ds fo#) ekuk tk,xkA fdlh futh Nfo (Private Image) dks mldh lgefr ds fcuk dSIpj djuk] izdkf'kr djuk ;k izlkfjr djuk /kkjk 66bZ lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh vf/kfu;e dk mYya?ku ekuk tk ldrk gSA fcuk l{ke izkf/kdkjh dh vuqefr ds QksVksxzk¶l fy, tkuk lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 66bZ ds rgr vijk/k ekuk x;k gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ,lhch }kjk ;kph@vfHk;qDr dh lgefr ds fcuk vkSj l{ke izkf/kdkjh dh vuqefr ds fcuk ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fy, x, QksVksxzkQ vkSj ohfM;ks vR;ar voS/kkfud gSa vkSj ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 21 esa iznÙk mlds O;fDrxr] futh Lora=rk vkSj futrk ds vf/kdkj dk mYya?ku gSA fopkj.kh; fcUnq la[;k&3 D;k ;kph@vfHk;qDr iqfyl Fkkuk ,lhch] t;iqj esa mlds fo#) ntZ izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ la[;k 5@2022] mlds vk/kkj ij izLrqr vkjksi i= fnukad 04-03-2022 vkSj mlds QyLo:i dh xbZ leLr dk;Zokgh /kkjk 482 naM izfdz;k lafgrk ds varxZr vikLr fd, tkus ;ksX; gS\ bl izdj.k esa ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo#) izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ fd, tkus ls iwoZ fcuk lpZ okjaV ds mlds ?kj dh ryk'kh yh xbZ gS] ftlesa fj'or dh dksbZ jkf'k cjken ugha gqbZ gS vkSj tks nLrkost feys gSa] os Hkh ;kph@vfHk;qDr dks Hkz"Vkpkj fujks/kd foHkkx esa naMuh; [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (58 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] vijk/k ls ugha tksM+rs gSaA ;kph@vfHk;qDr dks izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djus ls iwoZ gh bl izdj.k esa fxj¶rkj fd;k x;k gSA fxj¶rkjh ds vk/kkjksa vkSj dkj.kksa ls ;kph dks voxr ugha djk;k x;k gSA ;g rF; QnZ fxj¶rkjh esa vafdr rF;ksa ls Li"V gksrk gS tks vjus'k dqekj] lR;sUnz dqekj vafry o fogku ds fu.kZ;ksa esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk vfHkfu/kkZfjr fl)karksa ds fo#) gSA ;kph@vfHk;qDr dks fxj¶rkj djds eftLVªsV ds le{k izLrqr djus ds i'pkr izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ gqbZ gSA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ls dh xbZ VsyhQksu okrkZ ;k vuqla/kku ls ,slk izFke n`"V~;k rF; Li"V ugha gqvk gS tks ;kph@vfHk;qDr dks mlds fo#) vkjksfir vijk/k ls fdlh izdkj ls tksM+rk gksA bl izdj.k esa Hkz"Vkpkj fujks/kd foHkkx dh vksj ls l{ke izkf/kdkjh dh vuqefr ds fcuk ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds QksVksxzkQ fy, x, o ohfM;ks cuk, x, tks ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 19 vkSj 21 esa iznRr Lora=rk vkSj futrk ds vf/kdkj dk mYya?ku gSA ;kph@vfHk;qDr dh tks VsyhQksu okW;l VSi dh xbZ ;k eSlst dks fjdkWMZ fd;k x;k gS mldh vuqefr izkIr djrs o nsrs le; bl ckr dk mYys[k ugha fd;k x;k gS fd ;kph ds }kjk ,sls D;k vkijkf/kd d`R; dkfjr fd, x, gSa] tks yksd lqj{kk ds fy, [krjk mRiUu djrs gksaA ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds fofHkUu fofu'p;ksa esa vfHkfu/kkZfjr fl)kar ds vk/kkj ij yksd lqj{kk] vkikr ifjfLFkfr;ka ftuesa Hkkjr Hkkjrh; dh laizHkqrk] ,drk] v[kaMrk ij gkfu vkbZ gks ;k vU; dkj.k tks bafM;u VsyhxzkQ vf/kfu;e] 1885 dh /kkjk 5 lifBr bafM;u VsyhxzkQ fu;e] 1951 ds fu;e 419 lifBr lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh vf/kfu;e] 2000 ds varxZr /kkjk 69 esa of.kZr fd;s x;s gSa] muesa vafdr vk/kkjksa ij foLr`r dkj.k nsrs gq, VsyhQksu dkWy fjdkWMZ dh tk ldrh gS vkSj eSslst fjdkWMZ fd;k tk ldrk gS] bl izdj.k esa ,slh fLFkfr ugha gSA bl izdj.k esa loZizFke fnukad 14-10-2021 dks rRi'pkr vkns'k fnukad 06-12-2021 }kjk VsyhQksu VSi fd, x,A vkns'k fnukad [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (59 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] 14-10-2021 dks vuqefr fo'ks"k lfpo ¼x`g½ jktLFkku ljdkj }kjk nh xbZA bafM;u VsyhxzkQ fu;e ds fu;e 419, ds rgr Lohd`fr gsrq mDr vkns'k fnukad 14-10-2021 o 06-12-2021 dks iqujkoyksdu lfefr ¼fjO;w desVh½ dks 7 dk;Z fnol esa ugha Hkstk x;kA fo'ks"k lfpo ¼x`g½ dks VSyhQksu VSi djus ;k eSlst dks fjdkWMZ djus dh vuqefr nsus ds fy, l{ke izkf/kdkjh }kjk vf/kd`r fd;k x;k gks ,slk dksbZ nLrkost izLrqr ugha fd;k x;k gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa fnukad 14-10-2021 dks fo'ks"k lfpo ¼x`g½ jktLFkku ljdkj }kjk VSyhQksu VSi fd, tkus dh tks vuqefr nh xbZ gS] og fof/k dh n`f"V ls egRo ugha j[krh gSA blh dkj.k ls rRi'pkr tks fnukad 13-12-2021 ls ;kph dk Qksu VSi djus dh vuqefr esa 60 fnol dh vfHko`f) djrs gq, lfpo ¼x`g½ jktLFkku ljdkj }kjk tks vuqefr nh xbZ gS] oks iwoZ esa iznRr dh xbZ vuqefr ds dze esa nh xbZ gSA iwoZ esa iznRr vuqefr fof/k ds vuq:i ugha gS] ,slh fLFkfr esa fnukad 13-12-2021 ls iznku vuqefr Hkh fof/k dh n`f"V ls dksbZ egRo ugha j[krh gSA ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us fofHkUu fofu'p;ksa esa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd yksd lqj{kk o vU; dkj.kksa dks mYysf[kr fd, fcuk ;fn dksbZ fdlh VsyhQksu VSi fd, tkrs gSa ;k eSlst fjdkWMZ fd, tkrs gSa rks O;fDr dh Lora=rk o futrk ds vf/kdkj dk mYya?ku ekuk tkdj Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 21 o 22 dk mYya?ku ekuk tk,xkA bl izdj.k esa naM izfdz;k lafgrk dh /kkjk 100¼4½ ds rgr ftl LFkku ij ryk'kh yh xbZ ml LFkku ds vklikl ds LFkkuh; Lora= O;fDr;ksa dh mifLFkfr esa ryk'kh yh tkuh gksrh gS ysfdu bl izdj.k esa ;kph@vfHk;qdr ds fuokl LFkku ij tks ryk'kh yh xbZ oks Hkz"Vkpkj fujks/kd foHkkx ds vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj deZpkfj;ksa dh mifLFkfr esa yh xbZ gSA ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fuokl LFkku ds lehi ds LFkkuh; Lora= O;fDr;ksa dh mifLFkfr esa ryk'kh ugha yh xbZ gSA [2026:RJ-JP:9866] (60 of 60) [CRLMP-3729/2024] vr% bl izdj.k esa n.M izfØ;k lafgrk dh /kkjk 41] 41, vkSj 157 ¼/kkjk 35 vkSj 47 ch-,u-,l-,l-½ lifBr Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 21 vkSj 22 dk mYya?ku ekuk tk ldrk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa mijksDr foospu ds vk/kkj ij ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds ?kj ij yh xbZ ryk'kh rFkk ;kph@vfHk;qDr ds fo#) ntZ izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ fof/k vuqdwy ugha ekuh tk ldrh gSA vr% ;kph@vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls izLrqr ;g ;kfpdk Lohdkj fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr izrhr gksrk gSA ifj.kker% ;kph@vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls izLrqr ;g ;kfpdk varxZr /kkjk 482 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk Lohdkj dh tkrh gS rFkk izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ la[;k 05@2022 iqfyl Fkkuk iz/kku vkj{kh dsUnz Hkz"Vkpkj fuokj.k C;wjks] t;iqj] mlds vk/kkj ij izLrqr vkjksi i= la[;k 64@2022 ,oa mlls mn~Hkwr vU; leLr dk;Zokgh ;kph@vfHk;qDr dh gn rd vikLr ¼Quash½ dh tkrh gSA yafcr izkFkZuk i=] ;fn dksbZ gks] Hkh fuLrkfjr fd;s tkrs gSaA (CHANDRA PRAKASH SHRIMALI),J KISHAN SONI /Res.