[2026:RJ-JP:23399] HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN BENCH AT JAIPUR S.B. Civil Second Appeal No. 100/2026 Nagar Vikas Nyas, Through Secretary, Sawai Madhopur. ----Defendant-Appellant Versus Abdul Gani Son Of Abdullah, Resident Of Dubbi Khurd Tehsil And District Sawai Madhopur. ----Respondent For Appellant(s) : Mr. Harshit Nehra for Mr. Shantanu Gupta For Respondent(s) : Mr. Kapil Gupta HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE CHANDRA PRAKASH SHRIMALI (V.J.) Judgment 1. Arguments Concluded On: 06/05/2026 2. Judgment Reserved On: 06/05/2026 3. Full Judgment/Operative Part Pronounced: Full Judgment 4. Pronounced On: 23/06/2026 vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dh vksj ls ;g f}rh; vihy varxZr vkns'k 42 lifBr /kkjk 100 flfoy izfdz;k lafgrk ds varxZr fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k] lokbZek/kksiqj] jktLFkku }kjk vCnqy xuh cuke uxj fodkl U;kl tfj, lfpo] lokbZek/kksiqj] jktLFkku nhokuh fu;fer vihy la[;k 15@2023 esa ikfjr vkyksP; fu.kZ; o fMdzh fnukad 28-11-2025 ls O;fFkr gksdj izLrqr dh gS] ftlds }kjk fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k] lokbZek/kksiqj us fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ofj"B flfoy U;k;k/kh'k] lokbZek/kksiqj }kjk vCnqy xuh cuke uxj fodkl U;kl] lokbZek/kksiqj tfj, lfpo nhokuh okn la[;k 08@2020 esa ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 13-07-2023 dks vikLr dj izR;FkhZ@oknh dk okn vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds fo#) fu.kZ; fnukad 28-11-2025 ds vuq:i fMdzh fd;k gSA [2026:RJ-JP:23399] (2 of 20) [CSA-100/2026] la{ksi esa rF; bl izdkj gSa fd izR;FkhZ@oknh vCnqy xuh us fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ofj"B flfoy U;k;k/kh'k] lokbZek/kksiqj ds le{k okni= ds iSjk la[;k 2 esa of.kZr uki vkSj prqFkZ lhekvksa dk Hkw[kaM 30x50 fQV dqy 1500 oxZ fQV vkoklh; Hkw[kaM dks oknh ds dCts o LokfeRo dk gksuk crkrs gq, mDr Hkw[kaM dk xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk {ks= panziqjk ls iV~Vk fy;k tkuk crk;k gSA izR;FkhZ@oknh dk okni= esa ;g dFku gS fd xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk {ks= pUæiqjk esa :ikUrfjr Hkw[k.M 30x50 fQV dqy 1500 oxZ fQV oknh ds dCts] ,oa LokfeRo dk fLFkr gS ftls layXu uD'kk esa ekdZ ,-ch-lh- Mh- ls nÆ'kr fd;k gS ftlds iwoZ esa ckcw dk [ksr] if'pe esa jktsaUæ dk Iy‚V] mÙkj esa psrjke dh —f"k Hkwfe o nf{k.k esa vke jkLrk fLFkr gSA mä Hkw[k.M iwoZ if'pe 30 fQV pkSM+k o mÙkj nf{k.k 50 fQV yEck gSA fookfnr Iy‚V dh Hkwfe y{e.k o psrjke dh Fkh] ftUgksaus vklikl vkcknh cl tkus ds dkj.k viuh [kkrsnkjh dh Hkwfe esa vkoklh; ;kstuk dkVh vkSj ;g jdck muds fgLls dk FkkA y{e.k us fnukad 27-06-85 dks viuh Hkwfe esa ls 15x50 fQV xksiky yky fuoklh dqryiqjk dks csp nh] ftldh fy[kki<+h 5@& :i;s ds LVkEi ij dh xÃA mlh fnu mlh LVkEi ds ihNs psrjke us Hkh vius fgLls dh Hkwfe esa ls 15x50 fQV xksiky Çlg dks csp nhA bl çdkj y{e.k o psrjke us 30x50 fQV Hkwfe xksiky Çlg dks cspku dh vkSj mä fnukad dks gh dCtk] lEHkyk fn;k x;kA mä Hkwfe vkcknh esa gksus o ml ij xksiky flag dk dCtk gksus ds dkj.k xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk ls xksiky Çlg us fnukad 05-08-1996 dks 833@& :i;s utjkuk jkf'k tek dj iêk ys fy;kA xksiky iq= vEckyky tkV us mä Hkw[k.M lkSHkkxorh iRuh çgykn dks cspku dj bdjkjukek fnukad 04&09&2000 fy[kk x;k ,oa lkSHkkxorh us mä cspkuukek o dCts ds vkèkkj ij xzke iapk;r ls fuekZ.k Loh—fr o iêk pkgk] ftl ij utjkuk jkf'k tek dj fuekZ.k Loh—fr nh xÃ] ftl ij fuckZèk :i ls lkSHkkxorh dk dCtk pyk vk jgk gSA mä Hkw[k.M dks lkSHkkxorh us tfj;s jftLVMZ foØ; i= fnukad 21&11&2008] dks oknh dks cspku dj fn;kA bl çdkj oknh vius [2026:RJ-JP:23399] (3 of 20) [CSA-100/2026] çslhMslj xksiky yky pkSèkjh ds le; ls gh yxHkx 38 o"kks± ls fookfnr Iy‚V ij dkfct pyk vk jgk gSA mä Hkw[k.M ij ckm.Mªhoky cukdj yksgs dk xsV yxk j[kk gS rFkk vUnj Vhuiks'k cSBd cukdj isM+ yxk j[ks gSaA fookfnr mä Hkw[k.M oknh ds LokfeRo ,oa dCts dk gS] ftlls vU; fdlh O;fä ;k laLFkk dk dksà rkYyqd ugÈ gSA mä Hkw[k.M oknh us fjgk;'k gsrq Ø; fd;k gS] ftl ij mlus jksM+h] iRFkj] ctjh bR;kfn Myokuk çkjaEHk dj fn;k rks fnukad 24&05&2020 dks çfroknh nhxj 3&4 dk;kZy; dÆe;ksa ds lkFk ekSds ij vk;k vkSj dke cUn djus dks dgkA oknh us xzke iapk;r dh fuekZ.k Loh—fr crkÃ] LokfeRo lEcUèkh dkxtkr fn[kk;s rks ,ykfu;k us dgk fd dke cUn dj nks ,oa ekSd ls dkjhxj o etnwjksa dks Hkxk fn;k] bl dkj.k mä fnukad dks fcuk;nkok mRiUu gqvkA oknh us okn mfpr dksVZ Qhl] okndkj.k ij is'k djuk crkrs gq, okn dh lqukà dk {ks=kfèkdkj U;k;ky; gktk dks gksuk crkrs gq, oknh dk okn fo:) çfroknh] okafNr vuqrks"k ds fy, fMØh fd;s tkus dk fuosnu fd;k gSA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us nksuksa i{kksa ds vfHkopuksa ds vk/kkj ij fuEu fook|d fojfpr fd,%& 1- vk;k oknh ds dCts ,oa LokfeRo dk iês 'kqnk :ikUrfjr vkoklh; Hkw[k.M 30x50 fQV dqy 1500 oxZ fQV xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk {ks= pUæiqjk esa fLFkr gS] ftlds mi;ksx miHkksx djus ,oa ml ij dPpk ;k iDdk fuekZ.k djus dk oknh dks vfèkdkj gS \ &oknh 2- vk;k oknh çfroknh dks tfj;s LFkkà fu"ksèkkKka ikcUn djokus dk vfèkdkjh gS fd okn i= ds en la- 2 esa oÆ.kr fookfnr Iy‚V ds mi;ksx miHkksx ,oa dPpk ;k iDdk fuekZ.k esa çfroknh] oknh dks dksà ckèkk mRiUu uk djsa] uk gh mä Iy‚V ls oknh dks csn[ky djs \ &oknh [2026:RJ-JP:23399] (4 of 20) [CSA-100/2026] 3- vk;k nkSjkus nkok çfroknh }kjk oknh dks fookfnr Iy‚V ls dks csn[ky dj fn;k tk, rks nkos ds fnu dh fLFkfr jsLVksj djokà tkdj dCtk oknh çkIr djus dk vfèkdkjh gS \ &oknh 4- vk;k fookfnr Hkwfe ftl ij oknh dsfcu j[kdj vfrØe.k djus dk ç;kl dj jgk gS] og Hkwfe jktLo fjdkMZ esa uxj fodkl U;kl ds uke ntZ gS] ftlds lEcUèk esa iêk tkjh djus dk vfèkdkj xzke iapk;r] [kVqiqjk dks ugÈ gS\ &çfroknh 5- vk;k fookfnr Hkwfe ij dHkh Hkh oknh dk dCtk ,oa LokfeRo ugÈ jgk gS\ &çfroknh 6-- vk;k fookfnr Hkwfe flok; pd gS] ftlds lEcUèk esa okn lquokà dk {ks=kfèkdkj bl U;k;ky; dks ugÈ gS\ &çfroknh 7- vuqrks"k \ ** izR;FkhZ@oknh dh vksj ls ekSf[kd lk{; esa ih-MCY;w- 1 vCnqy xuh ¼Lo;a oknh½] ih-MCY;w- 2 'ke'ksj o ih-MCY;w- 3 vkfcn vyh dks ijhf{kr djok;k o nLrkosth lk{; esa çn'kZ 1 ls çn'kZ 10 çkys[k çnÆ'kr djok;s gSaA vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dh vksj ls ekSf[kd lk{; esa Mh-MCY;w- 1 egsUæ ehuk o Mh-MCY;w- 2 ijes'oj tSfy;k ds dFku ys[kc) djok;s ,oa nLrkosth lk{; esa çn'kZ ,-1 yxk;r çn'kZ ,-8 çys[k çnÆ'kr djok;s gSaA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ofj"B flfoy U;k;k/kh'k] lokbZek/kksiqj us vCnqy xuh cuke uxj fodkl U;kl] lokbZek/kksiqj tfj, lfpo nhokuh okn la[;k 08@2020 esa fnukad 13-07-2023 dks fu.kZ; ikfjr dj fu.kZ;uqlkj fook|d la[;k 1 ls 3 izR;FkhZ@oknh ds fo#) fook|d la[;k 4 vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds fo#) fu.khZr fd;k o fook|d la[;k 5 o 6 vihykFkhZ@izfroknh }kjk nkSjkus cgl mDr nksuksa fook|dksa ij cy ugha fn, [2026:RJ-JP:23399] (5 of 20) [CSA-100/2026] tkus ds dkj.k ls rn~uq:i mDr fook|dksa dks fujLr dj fn;kA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us vkns'k fnukad 13-07-2023 ds vuq:i izR;FkhZ@oknh dk okn ckcr LFkk;h fu"ks/kkKk vLohdkj dj [kkfjt dj fn;kA ftlls O;fFkr gksdj vihykFkhZ@oknh vCnqy xuh dh vksj ls ,d vihy fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k] lokbZek/kksiqj] jktLFkku esa nhokuh fu;fer vihy la[;k 15@2023 izLrqr dh] ftl ij fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k] lokbZek/kksiqj us fu.kZ; fnukad 28-11-2025 ds vuq:i fook|d la[;k 1 o 2 dks izR;FkhZ@oknh ds i{k esa fook|d la[;k 3 dks izR;FkhZ@oknh }kjk cgl ds nkSjku cy ugha fn, tkus ds dkj.k izR;FkhZ@oknh ds fo#) vkSj fook|d la[;k 4 izR;FkhZ@oknh ds i{k esa vkSj vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds fo#) fu.khZr fd;k o fook|d la[;k 5 o 6 dks fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ds vuq:i iq"V fd;kA bl izdkj fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; ftyk U;k;k/kh'k] lokbZek/kksiqj us vius fu.kZ; o fMdzh fnukad 28-11-2025 ds }kjk fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ofj"B flfoy U;k;k/kh'k] lokbZek/kksiqj }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 13-07-2023 dks vikLr dj vkns'kkuqlkj izR;FkhZ@oknh dk okn fMdzh fd;k gS] ftlls O;fFkr gksdj vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dh vksj ls ;g ;g f}rh; vihy vkns'k 42 lifBr /kkjk 100 flfoy izfdz;k lafgrk ds varxZr bl U;k;ky; esa izLrqr dh gSA vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk cgl ds nkSjku ;g rdZ jgk gS fd izR;FkhZ@oknh us okni= esa oknxzLr laifRr dh fuf'pr uki vkSj prqFkZ lhekvksa dk mYys[k djrs gq, ;g mYysf[kr ugha fd;k gS fd oknxzLr laifRr fdl [kljk uacj vkSj losZ uacj esa fLFkr gS] blds fcuk vkns'k 7 fu;e 3 esa of.kZr izko/kkuksa ds rgr oknxzLr laifRr dh fuf'pr uki prqFkZ lhek vkSj mldk igpku dk mYys[k ugha gksus ds dkj.k ls izR;FkhZ@oknh dk okn fujLruh; gSA oknxzLr laifRr [kljk uacj 421 o 423 vkyuiqj esa fLFkr gSA jktLo fjdkWMZ tekcanh esa mDr laifRr vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds LokfeRo dh crkbZ xbZ gSA xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk dks iV~Vk tkjh djus dk dksbZ fof/kd vf/kdkj ugha gSA oknxzLr laifRr dh uki] prqFkZ lhek vkSj [2026:RJ-JP:23399] (6 of 20) [CSA-100/2026] fdl [kljk uacj esa bl rF; dks lkfcr djus dk Hkkj izR;FkhZ@oknh ij gS] ysfdu fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; us mDr rF; ds lkfcr dk Hkkj vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ij gksuk vius fu.kZ; esa ekudj fof/kd Hkwy o =qfV dh gSA oknxzLr laifRr izR;FkhZ@izfroknh ds LokfeRo dh laifRr gSA vihykFkhZ@izfroknh us oknxzLr laifRr dks izR;FkhZ@izfroknh ds LokfeRo dh gksus ls budkj fd;k gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa izR;FkhZ@oknh dks oknxzr laifRr dh ?kks"k.kk dk okn ykuk pkfg, Fkk] ysfdu izR;FkhZ@oknh us oknxzLr laifRr ds LokfeRo dh ?kks"k.kk dk okn yk, fcuk LFkk;h fu"ks/kkKk dk okn izLrqr dj fn;k] tks fof/k dh n`f"V ls iks"k.kh; ugha gSA bl rF; ij fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk dksbZ fopkj ugha fd;k x;k gS vkSj fcuk fdlh U;k;laxr mfpr vk/kkj ds fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; o fMdzh dks vikLr dj fn;kA vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk ;g rdZ jgk gS fd bl vihy ds varxZr 7 lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'uksa dks bl f}rh; flfoy vihy esa fu.khZr fd;k tkuk gSA vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk ;g dFku gS fd izR;FkhZ@oknh dks okn esa vafdr rF;ksa dks Lo;a dks lkfcr djuk gSA oknxzLr laifRr muds LokfeRo vkSj fof/kor vkf/kiR; dh gS] ftls muds }kjk Li"V ugha fd;k x;k gSA oknxzLr laifRr fdl [kljk uacj esa gS] ;g muds }kjk Li"V ugha fd;k x;k gSA oknxzLr laifRr dh ?kks"k.kk dk okn yk, fcuk LFkk;h fu"ks/kkKk dk okn iks"k.kh; ugha gSA oknxzLr laifRr vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds LokfeRo dh laifRr gSA okni= esa vafdr rF;ksa dks lkfcr djus dk Hkkj izR;FkhZ@oknh ij gS] ftls og izLrqr lk{; ds ek/;e ls lkfcr djus esa vlQy jgk gSA vr% vihykFkhZ@izfroknh }kjk izLrqr ;g f}rh; flfoy vihy Lohdkj dh tkdj fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; ftyk U;k;k/kh'k] lokbZek/kksiqj }kjk ikfjr vkyksP; fu.kZ; o fMdzh fnukad 28-11-2025 vikLr fd;k tkdj fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ofj"B [2026:RJ-JP:23399] (7 of 20) [CSA-100/2026] flfoy U;k;k/kh'k] lokbZek/kksiqj }kjk ikfjr vkyksP; fu.kZ; o fMdzh fnukad 13-07-2023 dks iq"V fd;k tkosA vihykFkhZ ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd us vius rdksZa ds leFkZu esa fuEu fofu'p; izLrqr fd, gSaa%& 1. Sat Narain Gupta & Anr. Vs. Shri Bansi Lal & Anr.; 2014(34) RCR (Civil) 915 2. Harpal Singh Vs. Rajpal Singh & Anr.; R.S.A. 1985/2011; Order Dated 11.01.2016 3. Jharkhand State Housing Board Vs. Didar Singh & Anr.; 2019(17) SCC 692 izR;FkhZ@oknh ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk cgl ds nkSjku ;g rdZ jgk gS fd fookfnr Hkw[kaM y{e.k o psrjke dk Fkk] tks tfj, izn'kZ 7 y{e.k vkSj psrjke us xksikyyky pkS/kjh dks cspk vkSj xksikyyky us tfj, izn'kZ 6 mDr Hkw[kaM lkSHkkxorh dks fodz; fd;k vkSj lkSHkkxorh us tfj, iathd`r fodz; i= izn'kZ 4 oknxzLr Hkw[kaM izR;FkhZ@oknh vCnqy xuh dks fodz; fd;kA bl rF; dh iqf"V esa izR;FkhZ@oknh us xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk dk QSlyk izn'kZ 2 o iV~Vk izn'kZ 3 izLrqr fd;k gSA iV~Vk izn'kZ 3 dh iq'r ij vafdr uD'ks esa oknxzLr vkoklh; Hkw[kaM ds uki vkSj prqFkZ lhekvksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS] tks okni= esa vafdr oknxzLr Hkw[kaM ds uke vkSj prqFkZ lhekvksa ls esy [kkrh gS] ,slh fLFkfr esa vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dk ;g dguk fd oknxzLr Hkw[kaM dh uki vkSj prqFkZ lhekvksas dk mYys[k ugha fd;k x;k gS] ekuus ;ksX; ugha gSA oknxzLr laifRr vkoklh; laifRr gS] mlds vklikl vkoklh; laifRr gS] ftl rF; dks vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds lk{khx.k us Hkh Lohdkj fd;k gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa vkoklh; Hkwfe ds [kljk uacj crkuk ;k mls lkfcr djuk izR;FkhZ@oknh ds fy, vko';d ugha gSA oknxzLr Hkw[kaM dk iV~Vk izn'kZ 3 xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk }kjk xksiky ds uke tkjh fd;k x;k gSA izn'kZ 2 xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk ds QSlys dh iqLr ij tek jkf'k dh jlhn miyC/k gSA oknxzLr laifRr xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk iapk;r lfefr ftyk lokbZek/kksiqj ds vf/kdkj {ks= esa vkrh Fkh] ,slh fLFkfr [2026:RJ-JP:23399] (8 of 20) [CSA-100/2026] esa vius vf/kdkj {ks= esa vkbZ laifRr dk iV~Vk tkjh djus dk vf/kdkjh xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk dks FkkA vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds lk{kh MhMCY;w 2 ijes'oj tSfy;k us vius c;ku dh izfrijh{kk esa ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk dks uxj fodkl U;kl lokbZek/kksiqj esa etZ gksus ls iwoZ vius {ks= dh tehu ds iV~Vs tkjh djus dk vf/kdkj izkIr FkkA izLrqr lk{; ls ;g rF; lkeus vk;k gS fd vihykFkhZ@izfroknh uxj fodkl U;kl fnukad 01-04-2014 dks vfLrRo esa vk;k gS] tcfd vihykFkhZ@oknh dk iV~Vk o"kZ 1996 dk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ;g Li"V gS fd fookfnr Hkwfe xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk dh Fkh vkSj mls mDr Hkwfe dk iV~Vk tkjh djus dk vf/kdkj Fkk rks ml le; vFkkZr~ o"kZ 1996 esa uxj fodkl U;kl vfLrRo esa ugha FkhA ,slh fLFkfr esa vihykFkhZ@izfroknh uxj fodkl U;kl ds LokfeRo dh Hkwfe [kljk uacj 421 o 423 xzke vkyuiqj esa gks mls vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dh vksj ls Li"V ugha fd;k x;k gSA oknxzLr Hkwfe vkyeiqj fLFkr [kljk uacj 421 o 423 dk Hkkx gks bl rF; dks Hkh vihykFkhZ@izfroknh us izLrqr lk{; ds ek/;e ls Li"V ugha fd;k gSA izR;FkhZ@oknh us vius lk{; esa ;g dgk gS fd oknxzLr Hkwfe y{e.k vkSj psrjke dh Fkh vkSj mUgksaus fnukad 27-06-1985 esa mDr Hkwfe xksiky dks ns nh FkhA mDr Hkwfe dk vkcknh esa gksus vkSj dCtk gksus ds dkj.k ls xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk esa QSlyk djds] xksiky ds gd esa fnukad 05-08-1996 dks utjkuk tek djds iV~Vk ns fn;kA xksiky us lkSHkkxorh dks vkSj lkSHkkxorh us izR;FkhZ@oknh dks oknxzLr laifRr dk fodz; dj fn;kA oknxzLr laifRr ij izR;FkhZ@oknh dk o"kZ 1985 ls fof/kor dCtk gksuk Li"V gSA izR;FkhZ@oknh us tcls tfj;s iathd`r fodz; foys[k oknxzLr Hkw[kaM dz; fd;k gS rc ls mDr laifRr ij mldk dCtk gS vkSj mlds laca/k esa lkSHkkxorh dks bl IykWV ds fuekZ.k dh Lohd`fr Hkh izkIr gqbZ gSA oknxzLr lEifÙk ds laca/k esa xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk }kjk tkjh iV~Vk o izR;FkhZ@oknh ds i{k es tkjh iathd`r foØ; foys[k l{ke U;k;ky; }kjk fujLr ugha fd;k x;k gS] og orZeku esa vfLrRo esa gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa [2026:RJ-JP:23399] (9 of 20) [CSA-100/2026] oknxzLr Hkw[kaM izR;FkhZ@oknh ds fof/kor LokfeRo o vkf/kiR; dk Hkw[kaM gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa izR;FkhZ@oknh dks i`Fkd ls oknxzLr Hkw[kaM ds LokfeRo dh ?kks"k.kk dk okn ykuk vfuok;Z ugha gSA oknxzLr Hkw[kaM dk izR;FkhZ@oknh } kjk iathd`r fodz;&foys[k ds ek/;e ls dz; djus ds dkj.k ls og fof/kor LokfeRo o vkf/kiR; j[krk gS vkSj mls iathd`r fodz;&foys[k ds ek/;e ls oknxzLr laifRr dks fodz; djus dk vf/kdkj Hkh gSA bldk Hkw[kaM NksVk gksus ds dkj.k ls mls fuekZ.k djus dh vuqefr Hkh fof/kuqlkj fy;k tkuk vko';d ugha gS] fQj Hkh mDr Hkw[kaM dks fof/kor LokfeRo vkSj vkf/kiR; j[kus okys lkSHkkxorh us xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk ls fof/kor fuekZ.k dh Lohd`fr Hkh yh gSA fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; ftyk U;k;ky;] lokbZek/kksiqj us foLr`r :i ls vkns'k ikfjr dj lgh :i ls izR;FkhZ@oknh dk okn fMdzh fd;k gSA bl f}rh; vihy esa dksbZ lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'u varoZfyr ugha gS vkSj ;fn dksbZ lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'u varoZfyr ekuk Hkh tk, rks mUgsa vihykFkhZ@izfroknh lkfcr djus esa vlQy jgk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa vihykFkhZ@izfroknh }kjk izLrqr ;g f}rh; vihy varxZr vkns'k 42 lifBr /kkjk 100 flfoy izfdz;k lafgrk dks vLohdkj dj [kkfjt fd;k tkosA eSaus mHk;i{kksa rdksZa ij euu fd;k rFkk i=koyh o izLrqr fofu'p;ksa dk /;kuiwoZd voyksdu fd;kA bl izdj.k esa vihy esa vafdr fuEu lkjHkwr iz'uksa ij foospu fd;k tkuk gS%& (i) Whether the Ld. Appellate court below have committed gross illegality and perversity while reversing the original judgment and thereafter in deciding the issue no. 1, 2 & 4 in favor of the Plaintiff ? (ii) Whether, in presence of cloud over title of disputed property, the suit for simpliciter permanent injunction is not maintainable ? (iii) Whether the entire suit is filed in contravention of provisions of Order VII Rule 3 and thus suit could not have been decreed ? [2026:RJ-JP:23399] (10 of 20) [CSA-100/2026] (iv) Whether the Plaintiff, in absence of supporting evidence, has failed to establish his case on preponderance of probabilities?. (v) Whether in absence of identification of suit property, the suit for permanent injunction could not have been decreed in favor of Plaintiff ? (vi) Whether the Plaintiff was bound to seek a relief of declaration in the present suit? (vii) Whether the Ld. Appellate Court has wrongly put burden to prove the case on defendant ? mijksDr lkrksa lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'u ,d nwljs ls lacaf/kr o lqlaxr gksus ds dkj.k mDr leLr lkjHkwr iz'uksa dk ,d lkFk foosfpr o fu.khZr fd;k tkuk U;k;laxr o lqfo/kktud gksus ls budk foospu ,d lkFk fd;k tk jgk gSA izR;FkhZ@oknh us okni= ds iSjk la[;k 2 esa of.kZr xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk fLFkr ,d :ikUrfjr vkoklh; Hkw[k.M 30 x 50 fQV dqy 1500 oxZ fQV dk izR;FkhZ@oknh ds dCts o LokfeRo dk gksuk crk;k gSA ftls okni= ds lkFk layXu uD'ks izn'kZ&1 esa , ch lh Mh ls nf'kZr fd;k x;k gSA mDr Hkw[k.M ds iwoZ esa ckcw dk [ksr] if'pe esa jktsUnz dk IykWV] mÙkj esa psrjke dh d`f"k Hkwfe o nf{k.k esa vke jkLrk gksuk crk;k x;k gSA izR;FkhZ@oknh vCnqy xuh tks U;k;ky; esa ih-MCY;w-&1 ds :i esa ijhf{kr gqvk gS] mlus vius c;ku esa dFku fd;k gS fd mDr Hkwfe y{e.k o psrjke dh Fkh] ftlesa ls y{e.k us viuh Hkwfe esa ls 15 x 50 fQV o psrjke us vius dCts dh Hkwfe esa ls 15 x 50 fQV Hkwfe xksiky dks cspdj dCtk ns fn;kA ftldh fy[kki<+h LVkEi ij dh x;hA bl vk/kkj ij 30 x 50 fQV Hkwfe ij xksiky dk fnukad 27-06-1985 dks dCtk gks x;kA izR;FkhZ@oknh ds mDr c;ku dk [kaMu izfroknh@vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls izLrqr lk{khx.k ds c;ku ls rFkk izR;FkhZ@oknh }kjk ijhf{kr lk{khx.k dh izfrijh{kk ls ugha gqvk gSA izR;FkhZ@oknh us vius c;ku esa ;g dgk gS fd mDr Hkwfe dk [2026:RJ-JP:23399] (11 of 20) [CSA-100/2026] vkcknh esa gksus vkSj dCtk gksus ds dkj.k ls xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk us QSlyk djds xksiky ds gd esa utjkuk tek djds mDr Hkwfe dk iV~Vk tkjh dj fn;kA mDr izdj.k esa izn'kZ&2 xzke QSlyk xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk ftyk lokbZek/kksiqj dh i=koyh la[;k 16@122 nk;j fnukad 09-03-1996 dh izfr izLrqr gqbZ gS] ftlesa xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk esa oknxzLr lEifÙk xksiky iq= vEckyky tkfr tkV fuoklh panziqjk dks utjkuk tek djkus ds vk/kkj ij nsus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA izn'kZ&2 QSlyk xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk iapk;r lfefr dh iq'r ij jlhn dk mYys[k gSA bl jlhn ds vk/kkj ij xksiky us xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk esa oknxzLr Hkw[k.M dk utjkuk tek djk fn;k] ftlds vk/kkj ij xzke iapk;r us oknxzLr Hkw[k.M dk iV~Vk xksiky iq= vEckyky ds i{k esa tkjh fd;k rFkk mldh iq'r ij oknxzLr IykWV ds uki o prqFkZ lhekvksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA mDr oknxzLr IykWV ds uki o prqFkZ lhekvksa dk mYys[k izR;FkhZ@oknh us okni= ds iSjk la[;k 2 esa fd;k gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ;g Li"V gS fd xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk }kjk ftl uki o prqFkZ lhekvksa dk iV~Vk izn'kZ&3 tkjh fd;k x;k Fkk] ml uki o prqFkZ lhekvksa ds laca/k esa okni= ds iSjk la[;k 2 esa izR;FkhZ@oknh }kjk vuqrks"k pkgk x;k gSA xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk }kjk tkjh izn'kZ&3 iV~Vk orZeku fLFkfr esa fdlh Hkh l{ke U;k;ky; }kjk QthZ ;k cukoVh gksuk ugha crk;k x;k gSA mDr iV~Vk izn'kZ&3 oknxzLr Hkw[k.M ds laca/k esa xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk }kjk xksiky ds uke tkjh fd;k x;kA xksiky us tfj;s izn'kZ&6 Jherh lkSHkkxorh dks oknxzLr IykWV foØ; dj fn;kA lkSHkkxorh us tfj;s iathd`r foØ; i= fnukad 21-11-2008 ds }kjk izR;FkhZ@oknh vCnqy xuh dks foØ; dj fn;k vkSj oknxzLr lEifÙk dk dCtk lqiqnZ dj fn;kA bl iV~Vs ds laca/k esa vihykFkhZ@izfroknh us xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk dk i= fnukad 18-07- 2022 izn'kZ ,&7 izLrqr fd;k gS] ftlesa ;g dgha vafdr ugha gS fd mDr oknxzLr Hkw[k.M ds laca/k esa xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk }kjk tkjh iV~Vk dwVjfpr o feF;k gksA oknxzLr Hkw[k.M ij fuekZ.k Lohd`fr Jherh lkSHkkxorh us xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk ls izkIr dh] ;g rF; izn'kZ&8 nLrkost ls Li"V gksrk gSA [2026:RJ-JP:23399] (12 of 20) [CSA-100/2026] mDr xzke iapk;r }kjk tkjh izek.k i= izn'kZ&9 ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd panziqjk dh <k.kh xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk esa vkrh gSA oknxzLr Hkw[k.M panziqjk dh <k.kh xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk esa ugha vkrk gks] [kljk la[;k 421 o 423 {ks= panziqjk esa gks vkSj vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds LokfeRo dk gks] bl rF; dks vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dh vksj ls fdlh Hkh ekSf[kd vFkok nLrkosth lk{; ds ek/;e ls Li"V ugha fd;k x;k gSA izR;FkhZ@oknh o mldh vksj ls izLrqr fdlh Hkh lk{kh us vius c;kuksa esa ;g rF; Lohdkj ugha fd;k gS fd oknxzLr Hkw[k.M vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dk gksA oknxzLr Hkw[k.M [kljk uacj 421 o 423 dk fgLlk gks o vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds LokfeRo dh gks] ;g fLFkfr vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dh vksj ls fdlh Hkh nLrkosth lk{; ds ek/;e ls Li"V ugha dh x;h gSA vihykFkhZ@izfroknh us vius ekSf[kd dFku o vfHkopuksa esa fy[k nsus ls ;g ugha ekuk tk ldrk gS fd oknxzLr Hkw[k.M [kljk uacj 421 o 423 esa fLFkr gksA vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds lk{kh Mh-MCY;w- 2 ijes'oj tSfy;k us vius l'kiFk c;ku esa ;g dgk gS fd ^^xokg us i=koyh ns[kdj crk;k fd ,slk dksbZ nLrkost i=koyh esa layXu ugha gS ftlls ;g izekf.kr gksrk gks fd fookfnr IykWV [kljk uacj 421 o 423 esa fLFkr gksA fdarq mldk vadu gekjs tokc nkos esa fd;k x;k gSA** vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dh vksj ls ,slk dksbZ nLrkost is'k ugha fd;k x;k gS] ftlls ;g Li"V gks fd oknxzLr Hkw[k.M [kljk uacj 421 o 423 dk Hkkx gksA oju~ izR;FkhZ@oknh us vius i{k ds leFkZu esa nLrkosth lk{; dh J`a[kyk izLrqr dh gS o izn'kZ&7 nLrkost izLrqr fd;k gS] ftuds vk/kkj ij oknxzLr lEifÙk y{e.k o psrjke ls xksiky yky dks 27-06-1985 dks izkIr gqbZ gSA mDr Hkwfe vkcknh esa gksus o xksiky dk dCtk gksus ls xzke iapk;r us izn'kZ&2 ds ek/;e ls QSlyk ysdj izn'kZ&3 iV~Vk xksiky ds i{k esa tkjh fd;kA xksiky us tfj;s izn'kZ&6 oknxzLr Hkw[k.M lkSHkkxorh dks foØ; fd;kA lkSHkkxorh us tfj;s izn'kZ&7 izR;FkhZ@oknh dks mDr Hkw[k.M foØ; fd;kA ,slh fLFkfr esa lu 1985 ls oknxzLr Hkw[k.M ij dCtk xksiky] lkSHkkxorh o izR;FkhZ@oknh dk jgk gSA mDr foØ; foys[k izn'kZ&7 ds }kjk [2026:RJ-JP:23399] (13 of 20) [CSA-100/2026] fnukad 21-11-2008 ls izR;FkhZ@oknh dk dCtk gksuk Li"V gSA oknxzLr lEifÙk izR;FkhZ@oknh us iathd`r foØ; foys[k ls Ø; dh gSA mDr iathd`r foØ; foys[k fnukad 21-11-2008 dks fdlh Hkh l{ke U;k;ky; us fujLr ugha fd;k gSA bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fofu'p; Gurdev Singh Vs State of Punjab & Others; (1991) 4 SCC 1 ds lqlaxr Hkkx dks ;gka mYysf[kr fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr gksxk%& "8. But nonetheless the impugned dismissal order has at least a de facto operation unless and until it is declared to be void or nullity by a competent body or court. In Smith v. East Elloe Rural District Council Lord Radcliffe observed: (All ER p. 871) “An order, even if not made in good faith, is still an act capable of legal consequences. It bears no brand of invalidity on its forehead. Unless the necessary proceedings are taken at law to establish the cause of invalidity and to get it quashed or otherwise upset, it will remain as effective for its ostensible purpose as the most impeccable of orders.” 9. Apropos to this principle, Prof. Wade states: “the principle must be equally true even where the ‘brand’ of invalidity” is plainly visible; for there also the order can effectively be resisted in law only by obtaining the decision of the court. Prof. Wade sums up these principles: “The truth of the matter is that the court will invalidate an order only if the right remedy is sought by the right person in the right proceedings and circumstances. The order may be hypothetically a nullity, but the court may refuse to quash it because of the plaintiff’s lack of standing, because he does not deserve a discretionary remedy, because he has waived his rights, or for some other legal reason. In any such case the ‘void’ order remains effective and is, in reality, valid. It follows that an order may be void for one purpose and valid for another; and that it may be void against one person but valid against another.” 10. It will be clear from these principles, the party aggrieved by the invalidity of the order has to approach the court for relief of declaration that the order against him is inoperative and not binding upon him. He must approach the court within the [2026:RJ-JP:23399] (14 of 20) [CSA-100/2026] prescribed period of limitation. If the statutory time limit expires the court cannot give the declaration sought for." ,slh fLFkfr esa izn'kZ&7 iathd`r foys[k ds ek/;e ls izR;FkhZ@oknh oknxzLr Hkw[k.M dk fof/kor LokfeRo j[krk gSA mDr iathd`r foØ; foys[k ds ek/;e ls fof/k esa of.kZr izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj iathd`r foØ; foys[k ds ek/;e ls foØ; djus dk vf/kdkj j[krk gS rFkk mDr Hkw[k.M dks fof/k vuqlkj vius LokfeRo esa Hkh j[k ldrk gSA izn'kZ&3 iV~Vk o"kZ 1996 dk gSA vihykFkhZ@izfroknh uxj fodkl U;kl 01-04-2014 dks vfLrRo esa vk;kA ,slh fLFkfr esa mDr oknxzLr lEifÙk jktLo fjdkWMZ esa vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds LokfeRo esa gks] ;g Li"V ugha gSA tgka rd oknxzLr Hkw[k.M ij izR;FkhZ@oknh ds dCts dk iz'u gS] i=koyh ij miyC/k ekSf[kd o nLrkosth lk{; o izn'kZ&7 ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd y{e.k o psrjke us oknxzLr Hkw[k.M xksiky dks foØ; fd;k vkSj Hkw[k.M dk dCtk fn;kA mDr Hkw[k.M 30 x 50 fQV dqy 1500 oxZ fQV vkcknh Hkwfe esa gksus o ml ij xksiky dk dCtk gksus ds dkj.k ls xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk us oknxzLr Hkw[k.M dk iV~Vk i=koyh la[;k 16@122 nk;j fnukad 09-03-1996 ds }kjk tkjh fd;kA xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk ds iV~Vs izn'kZ&3 ds vk/kkj ij oknxzLr Hkw[k.M dk dCtk xksiky dk jgkA xksiky us fnukad izn'kZ&6 ds vk/kkj ij lkSHkkxorh dks oknxzLr Hkw[k.M dk dCtk fnukad 04-09-2000 dks lEHkyk fn;kA lkSHkkxorh us tfj;s foØ; i= izn'kZ&7 ds }kjk oknxzLr Hkw[k.M dk dCtk o LokfeRo tfj;s iathd`r foØ; i= fnukad 21-11-2008 }kjk izR;FkhZ@oknh dks laHkyk fn;kA rc ls oknxzLr lEifÙk ij izR;FkhZ@oknh dk dCtk pyk vk jgk gSA oknxzLr Hkwfe ij vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dk dCtk jgk gks] bl izdkj dh dksbZ ekSf[kd o nLrkosth lk{; vihykFkhZ@izfroknh }kjk izLrqr ugha dh x;h gSA izR;FkhZ@oknh }kjk izLrqr leLr lk{khx.k ih-MCY;w-&1 vCnqy xuh] ih-MCY;w-&2 'ke'ksj o ih-MCY;w-&3 vkfcn vyh us oknxzLr lEifÙk ij izR;FkhZ@oknh dk dCtk gksuk crk;k gSA izR;FkhZ@oknh }kjk ijhf{kr [2026:RJ-JP:23399] (15 of 20) [CSA-100/2026] lk{khx.k us vius c;ku esa dgha ;g Lohdkj ugha fd;k gS fd oknxzLr Hkwfe ij vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dk dCtk dHkh Hkh jgk gksA ih-MCY;w-&2 'ke'ksj us vius c;ku dh izfrijh{kk esa dFku fd;k gS fd og ekSds ij x;k gS ekSds ij vCnqy xuh us ckmaMªh okWy cuk j[kh gS vkSj ekSds ij mldh dsfcu cuk j[kh gSA ih-MCY;w-&3 vkfcn vyh us oknxzLr Hkwfe ij izR;FkhZ@oknh dk dCtk gksuk crk;k gS vkSj oknxzLr Hkwfe [kljk uacj 421 esa ugha gksuk crk;k gSA vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dh vksj ls Mh-MCY;w-&1 egsUnz ehuk o Mh-MCY;w-&2 ijes'oj tSfy;k ds c;ku ls ;g dgha Li"V ugha gksrk gS fd oknxzLr Hkw[k.M dHkh Hkh vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds dCts dk jgk gksA oknxzLr Hkw[k.M ds laca/k esa ubZd vgen us dCtk djus dk iz;kl fd;k gks vkSj vihykFkhZ@izfroknh us U;kl dh lEifÙk gksus dk cksMZ yxk;k gks ;k oknxzLr lEifÙk vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds dHkh dCts esa jgh gks] bl izdkj dh dksbZ nLrkosth lk{; vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dh vksj ls izLrqr ugha dh x;h gSA Mh-MCY;w-&1 egsUnz dqekj us oknh ds IykWV ds vklikl IykWV cus gksuk crk;k gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa oknxzLr IykWV ds vklikl vkcknh ugha gks vkSj oknxzLr Hkwfe vkcknh Hkwfe esa ugha gks o d`f"k Hkwfe gks] bls vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dh vksj ls Li"V ugha fd;k x;k gSA izR;FkhZ@oknh }kjk izLrqr lk{; ds vk/kkj ij lu 1985 ls oknxzLr Hkw[k.M ij d`f"k dk;Z ugha fd;k tk jgk gSA oknxzLr Hkwfe jsosU;w fjdkWMZ esa d`f"k Hkwfe gks] bls vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dh vksj ls Li"V ugha fd;k x;k gSA izR;FkhZ@oknh dks izfrijh{kk esa fn;s x;s lq>ko esa izR;FkhZ@oknh }kjk mDr lq>ko ds fn;s x;s mÙkj ls Li"V gksrk gS fd vihykFkhZ@izfroknh oknxzLr Hkw[k.M ij izR;FkhZ@oknh dk dCtk eku jgk gSA izR;FkhZ@oknh vCnqy xuh ih-MCY;w-&1 us viuh izfrijh{kk esa dgk gS fd ^^;g dguk xyr gS fd oknxzLr tehu uxj fodkl U;kl dh gks vkSj eSaus ml ij dCtk dj j[kk gks**A ,sls esa ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd izfroknh i{k Hkh oknxzLr Hkw[k.M ij oknh dk dCtk eku jgk gSA mDr rF; fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; us Hkh vius vkyksP; fu.kZ; esa vafdr fd;k gSA oknxzLr Hkw[k.M ij izR;FkhZ@oknh dk vfrØe.k gks] bl [2026:RJ-JP:23399] (16 of 20) [CSA-100/2026] laca/k esa vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dh vksj ls dksbZ dk;Zokgh dh x;h gks ;k dksbZ uksfVl fn;k x;k gks] bl laca/k esa dksbZ Hkh nLrkosth lk{; vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls izLrqr ugha dh x;h gSA oknxzLr Hkw[k.M ij izn'kZ&4 foØ; foys[k }kjk izR;FkhZ@oknh viuk fof/kd LokfeRo j[krk gS vkSj mldk LFkkfir dCtk izLrqr ekSf[kd o nLrkosth lk{; ls Li"V gksrk gSA oknxzLr Hkw[k.M [kljk uacj 421 o 423 dk Hkkx gksdj vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds LokfeRo dk gks] bl laca/k esa dksbZ lk{; vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dh vksj ls izLrqr ugha dh x;h gSA ,sls esa i=koyh ij miyC/k lk{; ls fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; ftyk U;k;k/kh'k] lokbZek/kksiqj us nhokuh fu;fer vihy la[;k 15@2023 esa ikfjr vkyksP; fu.kZ; o fMØh 28-11-2025 ds }kjk fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr okn la[;k 8@2020 esa fu.kZ; fnukad 13-07-2023 dks vikLr dj izR;FkhZ@oknh ds i{k esa okn fu.khZr fd;s tkus o vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dh vihy vLohdkj fd;s tkus esa dksbZ fof/kd Hkwy o =qfV ugha dh gSA fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k] lokbZek/kksiqj us vius vkyksP; fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 28-11-2025 esa izR;sd fcUnq ij foLr`r foospu fd;k gS] ftlesa gLr{ksi fd;k tkuk U;k;laxr o mfpr izrhr ugha gksrk gSA lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'uksa ds laca/k esa mDr foospu ds vk/kkj ij ;g Li"V gS fd fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; us fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 13-07-2023 dks vikLr dj mijksDr foospukuqlkj fook|d la[;k 1] 2 o 4 dks vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds fo#) fu.khZr djus esa dksbZ fof/kd Hkwy o =qfV ugha dh gSA oknxzLr lEifÙk ds LokfeRo ds laca/k esa nLrkostksa dh J`a[kyk izR;FkhZ@oknh dh vksj ls izLrqr dh x;h gSA oknxzLr lEifÙk dk fof/kor LokfeRo xksiky yky dks xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk }kjk tkjh foØ; foys[k izn'kZ&3 }kjk izkIr gqvk gSA Jherh lkSHkkxorh ls izR;FkhZ@oknh dks tfj;s iathd`r foØ; foys[k izn'kZ&4 ds } kjk oknxzLr Hkw[k.M dk LokfeRo o vkf/kiR; izkIr gqvk gSA izn'kZ&3 xzke [2026:RJ-JP:23399] (17 of 20) [CSA-100/2026] iapk;r }kjk tkjh iV~Vk foØ; foys[k o izn'kZ&4 iathd`r foØ; foys[k fnukd 21-11-2008 fdlh Hkh l{ke U;k;ky; }kjk fujLr ugha fd;k x;k gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa izn'kZ&3 foØ; foys[k o izn'kZ&4 iathd`r foØ; i= orZeku esa Hkh vfLrRo esa gSA oknxzLr IykWV ds LokfeRo ds laca/k esa dksbZ fookn ugha gSA izLrqr ekSf[kd o nLrkosth lk{; ls izR;FkhZ@oknh dk oknxzLr lEifÙk ij fof/kor LokfeRo o vkf/kiR; gksuk Li"V gksrk gSA oknxzLr IykWV ij Lo;a ds LokfeRo dks vihykFkhZ@izfroknh Li"V ugha dj ik;k gSA ,sls esa oknxzLr lEifÙk dk fof/kor LokfeRo o vkf/kiR; izR;FkhZ@oknh dk gksus ds vk/kkj ij izR;FkhZ@oknh dks LFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk o ?kks"k.kk dk okn yk;k tkuk vko';d ugha gSA ;gka ;g dguk Hkh U;k;ksfpr gksxk fd izR;FkhZ@oknh us oknxzLr laifRr ij viuk fof/k LokfeRo o dCtk gksuk crkrs gq, mlds }kjk jksM+h] ctjh] iRFkj bR;kfn Myokus ij fnukad 24-05-2020 dks vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds dk;kZy; dfeZ;ksa ds ekSds ij vkus vkSj dke can djus dks dgus ds vk/kkj ij izR;FkhZ@oknh dh vksj ls ;g LFkk;h fu"ks/kkKk dk okn izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA oknxzLr Hkw[kaM ij izR;FkhZ@oknh dk dCtk ugha gks ;k mlus vfrdze.k dj j[kk gks ;k og LokfeRo ds fcuk oknxzLr laifRr ds dCts dk vuqrks"k pkg jgk gks] ,slh fLFkfr bl izdj.k esa ugha gSA bl izdj.k ds rF;ksa ds vuqlkj izR;FkhZ@oknh us vius LokfeRo vkSj vkf/kiR; ds Hkw[kaM ij fuekZ.k dk;Z fd, tkus ij vihykFkhZ@izfroknh }kjk fuekZ.k dk;Z jksds tkus ij okni= esa vafdr LFkk;h fu"ks/kkKk dk vuqrks"k pkgk x;k gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk izfrikfnr fl)karksa ds vuq:i izR;FkhZ@oknh dks LFkk;h fu"ks/kkKk ds lkFk oknxzzLr Hkw[kaM ds LokfeRo dh ?kks"k.kk dk vuqrks"k okn esa pkgs tkuk vko';d ugha gSA bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fofu'p; Anathula Sudhakar Vs P. Buchi Reddy (Dead) by LRs & Others (2008) 4 SCC 594 ds lqlaxr Hkkx dks ;gka mYysf[kr fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr gksxk%& [2026:RJ-JP:23399] (18 of 20) [CSA-100/2026] "13.1. Where a plaintiff is in lawful or peaceful possession of a property and such possession is interfered or threatened by the defendant, a suit for an injunction simpliciter will lie. A person has a right to protect his possession against any person who does not prove a better title by seeking a prohibitory injunction. But a person in wrongful possession is not entitled to an injunction against the rightful owner. 14. We may, however, clarify that a prayer for declaration will be necessary only if the denial of title by the defendant or challenge to the plaintiff’s title raises a cloud on the title of the plaintiff to the property. A cloud is said to raise over a person’s title, when some apparent defect in his title to a property, or when some prima facie right of a third party over it, is made out or shown. An action for declaration, is the remedy to remove the cloud on the title to the property. On the other hand, where the plaintiff has clear title supported by documents, if a trespasser without any claim to title or an interloper without any apparent title, merely denies the plaintiff’s title, it does not amount to raising a cloud over the title of the plaintiff and it will not be necessary for the plaintiff to sue for declaration and a suit for injunction may be sufficient. Where the plaintiff, believing that the defendant is only a trespasser or a wrongful claimant without title, files a mere suit for injunction, and in such a suit, the defendant discloses in his defence the details of the right or title claimed by him, which raise a serious dispute or cloud over the plaintiff’s title, then there is a need for the plaintiff, to amend the plaint and convert the suit into one for declaration. Alternatively, he may withdraw the suit for bare injunction, with permission of the court to file a comprehensive suit for declaration and injunction. He may file the suit for declaration with consequential relief, even after the suit for injunction is dismissed, where the suit raised only the issue of possession and not any issue of title. 15. In a suit for permanent injunction to restrain the defendant from interfering with the plaintiff’s possession, the plaintiff will have to establish that as on the date of the suit he was in lawful possession of the suit property and the defendant tried to interfere or disturb such lawful possession. Where the property is a building or building with appurtenant land, there may not be much difficulty in establishing possession. The plaintiff may [2026:RJ-JP:23399] (19 of 20) [CSA-100/2026] prove physical or lawful possession, either of himself or by him through his family members or agents or lessees/licensees. Even in respect of a land without structures, as for example an agricultural land, possession may be established with reference to the actual use and cultivation. The question of title is not in issue in such a suit, though it may arise incidentally or collaterally." mijksDr fofu'p;ksa esa vfHkfu/kkZfjr fl)kar o mijksDr foospukuqlkj fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; ftyk U;k;k/kh'k] lokbZek/kksiqj }kjk vihy la[;k 15@2023 esa ikfjr vkyksP; fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 28-11-2025 fof/kfo#) o =qfViw.kZ gksuk izrhr ugha gksrk gS rFkk oknxzLr lEifÙk ij izR;FkhZ@oknh dk fof/kor LokfeRo o vkf/kiR; gksuk Li"V gksus ls ;g ugha ekuk tk ldrk gS fd izR;FkhZ@oknh dk okn ds vuqrks"k esa oknxzLr lEifÙk ds LokfeRo dh ?kks"k.kk dk vuqrks"k pkgs fcuk izR;FkhZ@oknh dk LFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk dk okn iks"k.kh; ugha gksA oknxzLr lEifÙk dh ewy vkoaVh xksiky ds i{k esa xzke iapk;r [kVqiqjk }kjk izn'kZ&3 foØ; foys[k tkjh fd;k x;k FkkA ml foØ; foys[k dh iq'r ij oknxzLr lEifÙk dh uki o prqFkZ lhekvksa dk vadu gSA mlh uki o prqFkZ lhekvksa dk vadu oknh }kjk vius okni= ds iSjk la[;k 2 esa fd;k x;k gSA blds laca/k esa izR;FkhZ@oknh }kjk vuqrks"k pkgk x;k gSA oknxzLr lEifÙk dk foØ; xksiky }kjk lkSHkkxorh dks vkSj lkSHkkxorh }kjk izR;FkhZ@oknh dks fd;k x;k gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk gS fd vkns'k 7 fu;e 3 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk esa of.kZr izko/kkuksa ds foijhr izLrqr fd;k x;k gks rFkk oknxzLr lEifÙk dh igpku LFkkfir ugha gks jgh gksA oknxzLr lEifÙk vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds LokfeRo dh lEifÙk gks ;k [kljk uacj 421 o 423 dk fgLlk gks] bl laca/k esa dksbZ Hkh nLrkosth lk{; vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dh vksj ls izLrqr ugha dh x;h gSA oLrqr% oknxzLr lEifÙk dks vihykFkhZ@izfroknh us Lo;a ds LokfeRo dh lEifÙk gksuk crkrs gq, [kljk uacj 421 o 423 esa fLFkr gksuk crk;k gS] ysfdu mDr rF; dks lkfcr djus dk Hkkj vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ij gSA [2026:RJ-JP:23399] (20 of 20) [CSA-100/2026] ,sls esa ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk gS fd fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; us mDr oknxzLr lEifÙk [kljk uacj 421 o 423 esa fLFkr gksus ds rF; dks lkfcr djus dk Hkkj izfroknh ij Mkyus esa dksbZ fof/kd Hkwy o =qfV dh gSA mDr lkjHkwr fof/kd iz'u vihykFkhZ@izfroknh vius i{k esa lkfcr djus esa vlQy jgk gSA ,sls esa vihykFkhZ@izfroknh }kjk izLrqr ;g f}rh; flfoy vihy lkjghu gksus ds dkj.k vLohdkj dj [kkfjt gksus ;ksX; gSA ifj.kker% vihykFkhZ@izfroknh uxj fodkl U;kl }kjk izLrqr ;g f}rh; vihy vLohdkj dj [kkfjt dh tkrh gS rFkk fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; ftyk U;k;k/kh'k] lokbZek/kksiqj }kjk vihy la[;k 15@2023 esa ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 28-11-2025 dks iq"V fd;k tkrk gS rFkk vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dks tfj;s LFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk ikcan fd;k tkrk gS fd os okni= ds iSjk la[;k 2 esa of.kZr oknxzLr Hkw[k.M ij izR;FkhZ@oknh ds mi;ksx&miHkksx o fuekZ.k esa fdlh izdkj dh dksbZ ck/kk dkfjr ugha djs uk vU; ls djkosA vihy dk [kpkZ i{kdkjku viuk&viuk ogu djsaxsA rn~uqlkj fMØh ipkZ eqfrZc fd;k tkosA layXu yafcr izkFkZuk i=] ;fn dksbZ gksa] Hkh fuLrkfjr fd;s tkrs gSaA fu.kZ; dh izfr ds lkFk fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; dk vfHkys[k] ;fn izkIr gks j[kk gks] vfoyEc izsf"kr fd;k tkosA (CHANDRA PRAKASH SHRIMALI),J KISHAN SONI/Res.