[2026:RJ-JP:21434] HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN BENCH AT JAIPUR S.B. Criminal Appeal (Sb) No. 2212/2025 Om Prakash S/o Danaram, Aged About 58 Years, R/o Netadwas, Police Station Dhodh District Sikar ----Appellant Versus State Of Rajasthan, Through Its P.p ----Respondent For Appellant(s) : Mr. Rajesh Goswami, Adv. Mr. Garvit Saraswat, Adv. For Respondent(s) : Mr. Devi Singh, PP HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE UMA SHANKER VYAS Judgment / Order i. The date of conclusion of arguments: 20.05.2026 ii. The date on which the judgment was reserved: 20.05.2026 iii. Whether the full judgment or only the operative part was pronounced: Full Judgment iv. The date of pronouncement: 22.05.2026 1- vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr vkseizdk'k ¼vkxs ^^vfHk;qDr^^ dgk tk;sxk½ dh vksj ls ;g nkafMd vihy fo}ku U;k;k/kh'k] MsftXusVsM dksVZ&vtesj }kjk ls'ku izdj.k la[;k 87@2017 esa ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 08-08-2025 ls O;fFkr gksdj is'k dh x;h gS] ftlds ek/;e ls vfHk;qDr dks nks"kfl) vijk/k /kkjk 7 Hkz"Vkpkj fuokj.k vf/kfu;e] [2026:RJ-JP:21434] (2 of 18) [CRLAS-2212/2025] 1988 ¼vkxs ^^vf/kfu;e&1988^^ dgk tk;sxk½ ds vkjksi esa 2 o"kZ ds lk/kkj.k dkjkokl] 20]000@& :i;s ds vFkZn.M ,oa vFkZn.M vnk ugha djus ij nks ekg ds vfrfjDr lk/kkj.k dkjkokl rFkk ^^vf/kfu;e&1988^^ dh /kkjk 13¼1½¼d½ lifBr /kkjk 13¼2½ ds vijk/k esa nks"kfl)h ds mijkUr 2 o"kZ ds lk/kkj.k dkjkokl] 20]000@& :i;s ds vFkZn.M ,oa vFkZn.M vnk ugha djus ij nks ekg ds vfrfjDr lk/kkj.k dkjkokl ls nafMr fd;k x;k gSA 2- fo}ku vf/koDrk vfHk;qDr o fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd dh cgl lquh x;h ,oa vfHkys[k dk voyksdu fd;k x;kA 3- orZeku ekeys esa lqlaxr rF; rFkk vfHk;kstu dgkuh bl izdkj gS fd ifjoknh izHkwyky }kjk fnukad 28-07-2008 dks ,d fyf[kr fjiksVZ izn'kZ ih&7 iqfyl fujh{kd] Hkz"Vkpkj fujks/kd C;wjks] Vksad ¼vkxs ^^C;wjks^^ dgk tkosxk½ ds le{k izLrqr dj ;g mYysf[kr fd;k fd mlds NksVs HkkbZ lR;ukjk;.k us djhc rhu ekg iwoZ ifjoknh rFkk mlds cM+s HkkbZ 'kadj ds fo:) iSls gM+ius dh f'kdk;r iqfyl dks dh Fkh] ftldh tkap iuokM+ pkSdh bapktZ ,p-lh- vkseizdk'k tk[kM+ vFkkZr orZeku vfHk;qDr }kjk dh tk jgh gS] mUgksaus 2&3 ckj ifjoknh dks cqykdj /kedk;k rFkk izkjEHk esa 5]000@& :i;s fj'or jkf'k dh ekax dh] ckn esa 4]000@& :i;s ij lgefr cuh ftlesa ls 2]000@& :i;s izkIr dj pqdk gS rFkk 'ks"k 2]000@& :i;s dh ekax dh tk jgh gS] og fj'or ugha nsuk pkgrk gS vkSj vfHk;qDr dks idM+okuk pkgrk gSA 4- mijksDr fyf[kr fjiksVZ ij C;wjks }kjk fnukad 28-07-2008 dks gh ,d fMftVy VsifjdkWMZj ifjoknh dks nsrs gq, C;wjks ds dkWULVscy egs'k dqekj ih-MCyw&3 ds lkFk ifjoknh dks vfHk;qDr ls okrkZ djus gsrq Hkstk] fjdkWMZ dh x;h okrkZ ds laca/k esa VªkafLdzIV izn'kZ ih&1 [2026:RJ-JP:21434] (3 of 18) [CRLAS-2212/2025] cuk;h x;h rFkk lh-M+h Hkh dEI;wVj ds ek/;e ls cukdj lhy&eksgj dh x;hA ekax dk lR;kiu gksus ij 2&3 fnu ckn Vªsi dk;Zokgh vk;ksftr fd;s tkus dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;kA 5- fnukad 01-08-2008 dks ifjoknh }kjk yk;h x;h jkf'k 500 :i;s ds nks uksV rFkk 100 :i;s ds nl uksV vFkkZr dqy 2]000@& :i;s ij fQukWQ~Fkyhu ikmMj yxkrs gq, vko';d vkSipkfjdrk,a iwjh dj ;g jkf'k vfHk;qDr dks nsus gsrq ifjoknh dks lqiqnZ dh x;hA ifjoknh rFkk vfHk;qDr ds e/; gksus okyh okrkZ fjdkWfMZax gsrq fMftVy VsifjdkWMZj Hkh fn;k x;kA d`f"k foHkkx ds yksdlsod xokg f'kojkt tkafxM+ ih-MCyw&4] ca'khyky Hkwikfj;k ih-MCyw&5 dks Hkh cqykdj iwoZ esa ekax ds laca/k esa dh x;h okrkZ dk VªkafLdzI'ku crk;k x;k] mijksDr nksuksa xokg] iqfyl fujh{kd jkts'k ;kno ih-MCyw&14] ifjoknh izHkwyky ih-MCyw&12] uanflag ih-MCyw&9] egs'k dqekj ih- MCyw&3 rFkk ,-lh-ch- ds dkaLVscy HkkSajsyky ih-MCyw&8 dks Vªsi dk;Zokgh ds fy, la;qDr Vhe ds :i esa jokuk fd;k x;k] ifjoknh dks NksM+dj 'ks"k lnL; viuh mifLFkfr Nqikrs gq, vyx&vyx LFkkuksa ij [kM+s jgsA pwafd vfHk;qDr dk LFkkukUrj.k iuokM+ pkSdh ls iqfyl Fkkuk&nsoyh esa gks pqdk Fkk] vr% Vªsi dk;Zokgh ds fy, lHkh iqfyl Fkkuk&nsoyh x;s vkSj vdsys ifjoknh dks vfHk;qDr ls okrkZ djus rFkk fj'or jkf'k nsus gsrq Hkstk x;kA vfHk;qDr }kjk ifjoknh dks jkenso pkV Hk.M+kj ds ikl cqyk;k rFkk ogka vfHk;qDr }kjk 2]000@& :i;s ds LFkku ij 1800@& :i;s izkIr djus dh lgefr cuhA C;wjks }kjk gLrk{kfjr uksV ftu ij fQukWQ~Fkyhu ikmMj yxk gqvk Fkk] ifjoknh }kjk vfHk;qDr dks fn;s x;s tks vfHk;qDr us vius 'kVZ dh tsc esa j[k fy;sA b'kkjk djus ij C;wjks dh Vhe utnhd igqaph] ysfdu rRle; vfHk;qDr ogka ls vius ?kj tk pqdk Fkk] ?kj [2026:RJ-JP:21434] (4 of 18) [CRLAS-2212/2025] ds ckjs esa tkudkjh dh rks ;g Kkr gqvk fd ikl esa gh futh fdjk;s ds edku esa fuokljr gS] iwNrkN djrs gq, ogka igqaps rks js.kq xks;y uke dh ,d vf/koDrk o vfHk;qDr vaMjfo;j cfu;ku igus gq, vius ?kj feyk] fj'or jkf'k ds ckjs esa iwNrkN dh rks vfHk;qDr }kjk badkj fd;kA ryk'kh fy;s tkus ij mldh Vaxh isaV dh tsc esa j[ks ilZ esa dqy 1800@& :i;s fj'or jkf'k cjken gqbZA 6- cjkenxh ds mijkUr vfHk;qDr ds gkFk dk /kksou fy;k x;k rks eVeSyk ik;k x;k] ilZ dk /kksou Hkh eVeSyk jgk] fdUrq 'kVZ ds /kksou dk dyj xqykch jax gks x;kA ekSds ij cjkenk jkf'k dks tCr dj vfHk;qDr dks fu:) fd;k x;k rFkk C;wjks dh pkSdh ij ykdj vkxkeh dk;Zokgh dh x;hA ysunsu ds laca/k esa tks okrkZ gqbZ] mldh VªkafLdzI'ku izn'kZ ih&13 rS;kj dj ,d lh-Mh- Hkh cukdj lhy dh x;hA blds mijkUr vU; vko';d o fu;fer vuqla/kku iw.kZ dj vfHk;qDr ds fo:) mlds fu;kstd o l{ke izkf/kdkjh iqfyl v/kh{kd] Vksad ls vfHk;kstu Lohd`fr izn'kZ ih&28 izkIr dj vfHk;qDr ds fo:) fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; esa vkjksi i= izLrqr fd;k x;kA 7- fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk vfHk;qDr dks ^^vf/kfu;e&1988^^ dh /kkjk 7] 13¼1½¼d½ lifBr /kkjk 13¼2½ ds vkjksiksa ls vkjksfir fd;k rks vfHk;qDr }kjk vkjksiksa ls badkj vUoh{kk pkgh] ftl ij vfHk;kstu i{k }kjk fopkj.k ds nkSjku dqy 17 xokgku dks ijhf{kr djk;k x;k rFkk izn'kZ ih&1 ls izn'kZ ih&41 nLrkost iznf'kZr djk;s x;sA vfHk;qDr ds dFku vUrxZr /kkjk 313 n.M izfdz;k lafgrk ys[kc) fd;s x;s rFkk vfHk;qDr }kjk lEiw.kZ vfHk;kstu dgkuh ls badkj fd;k] vUrr% ckn fopkj.k vfHk;qDr&vihykFkhZ dks vihyk/khu fu.kZ; fnukad 08-08-2025 ds ek/;e ls mijksDrkuqlkj [2026:RJ-JP:21434] (5 of 18) [CRLAS-2212/2025] nks"kfl) dj nafMr fd;k x;k ftlls O;fFkr gksdj ;g vihy izLrqr dh x;h gSA 8- fo}ku vf/koDrk vfHk;qDr&vihykFkhZ dk ;g rdZ gS fd izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djk;s tkus dh fnukad 28-07-2008 vkSj Vªsi dk;Zokgh 01-08-2008 ds iwoZ gh vfHk;qDr dk LFkkukUrj.k iqfyl pkSdh iuokM+ ls iqfyl Fkkuk&nsoyh esa gks pqdk Fkk] fnukad 27-06-2008 dks gh ifjoknh ds fo:) lafLFkr ekeys esa tkap fjiksVZ nh tk pqdh Fkh] vr% ifjoknh dk dksbZ dk;Z vfHk;qDr ds ikl yafcr gh ugha FkkA bl izdkj mijksDr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fj'or jkf'k ekaxus vkSj fn;s tkus dk dksbZ dkj.k vFkok iz;kstu ugha FkkA yxk;s x;s vkjksi iw.kZr% fujk/kkj gSa] vfHk;qDr ls O;fDrxr :i ls dksbZ fj'or jkf'k cjken ugha gbZ gSA ekax lR;kiu ds laca/k esa dfFkr :i ls dh x;h okrkZ rFkk Vªsi dk;Zokgh ds nkSjku okrkZ dk VªkafLdzI'ku izn'kZ ih&1 o 13 dk dksbZ lkf{;d ewY; ugha gS D;ksafd buesa fjdkWMZ dh x;h okrkZ vkSj vkokt ifjoknh o vfHk;qDr dh gks] bls fdlh O;fDr ds }kjk izekf.kr ugha fd;k x;k gS] fMftVy VsifjdkWMZj dks lhyeksgj ugha fd;k x;k gS] og ekSfyd lk{; Fkh ftls izLrqr ugha fd;k x;k gSA ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; Ritesh Sinha Vs. State of Uttar Pradesh & Anr. State of Uttar Pradesh & Anr. (2019) 8 SCC 1 izLrqr djrs gq, ;g Hkh fuosnu fd;k fd tc rd U;k;ky; ds ek/;e ls vfHk;qDr dh vkokt dk uewuk fy;k tkdj feyku ugha fd;k tkrk] rc rd bl okrkZyki dk dksbZ egRo ugha gS] U;k;ky; ds le{k vkokt dk uewuk nsus ls badkj fd;s tkus dh fLFkfr esa gh vfHk;qDr ds fo:) vU; lqn`<+ lk{; gksus dh mi/kkj.kk yh tk ldrh gSA fj'or jkf'k ;fn vfHk;qDr }kjk vius gkFk ls ysdj 'kVZ dh tsc esa j[kh gksrh rks gkFk ds /kksou esa xqykch jax vkrk] ifjoknh }kjk C;wjks [2026:RJ-JP:21434] (6 of 18) [CRLAS-2212/2025] ds vf/kdkfj;ksa ds lkFk "kM+;a= jprs gq, fcuk ekax ds ;g fj'or jkf'k vfHk;qDr ds ?kj ij mldh tkudkjh ds fcuk j[kh x;h gSA ;g Hkh fuosnu fd;k fd vfHk;kstu Lohd`fr l{ke izkf/kdkjh }kjk ugha nh x;h gS] vr% ;g Lohd`fr izn'kZ ih&28 vf/kdkjfoghu gS vkSj fcuk vfHk;kstu Lohd`fr ds vfHk;qDr nks"keqDr gksus ;ksX; gSA ;g Hkh fuosnu fd;k x;k fd ifjoknh o vU; xokg i{knzksgh jgs gSa vkSj vUrr% ekeyk yxHkx 'kwU; lk{; dk gS] ysfdu mlds ckotwn fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk vfHk;qDr dks vdkj.k rF;ksa o fof/k ds foijhr tkdj nks"kfl) dj nafMr fd;k gS] vr% vihyk/khu fu.kZ; vikLr djrs gq, vfHk;qDr dks nks"keqDr fd;s tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA 9- blds foijhr fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd dk rdZ gS fd ^^vf/kfu;e&1988^^ dh /kkjk 20 ds izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj vfHk;qDr ds fo:) bl vijk/k ds laca/k esa mi/kkj.kk fy;s tkus dk izko/kku jgk gS] vfHk;kstu Lohd`fr dk;Zokgd iqfyl v/kh{kd }kjk nh x;h gS rFkk lHkh iz;kstu ds fy, ih-MCyw&10 Jh jkeewfrZ iqfyl v/kh{kd gh Fks] vr% ;g vfHk;kstu Lohd`fr fof/klEer gSA vfHk;qDr }kjk viuh vkokt dk uewuk fn;s tkus ls ih-MCyw&14 Vh-,y-vks- jkts'k ;kno dks badkj fd;k gS] vr% mlds fo:) mi/kkj.kk fy;k tkuk fof/klEer Fkk] vUr esa fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; dks fof/k&lEer gksuk crkrs gq, ;g vihy [kkfjt fd;s tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA 10- tgka rd vfHk;qDr ds ikl ifjoknh dk dk;Z yafcr ugha gksus dk fo"k; gS] ifjoknh ds HkkbZ lR;ukjk;.k }kjk fnukad 26-05-2008 dks tsy es fu:) jgs gq, vius HkkbZ ifjoknh rFkk vU; HkkbZ 'kadjyky ds fo:) lEifRr gM+ius ckcr~ ,d fjiksVZ izn'kZ ih&18 [2026:RJ-JP:21434] (7 of 18) [CRLAS-2212/2025] iqfyl v/kh{kd dks izsf"kr dh tks iqfyl v/kh{kd }kjk vko';d dk;Zokgh gsrq Fkkukf/kdkjh iqfyl Fkkuk&nsoyh dks izsf"kr dh x;h vkSj muds }kjk bl ekeys esa tkap chV ,Q-lh- vFkkZr iuokM+ pkSdh bapktZ dks lkSaih x;hA Li"V gS fd tkap fdlh uketn vf/kdkjh vFkkZr vfHk;qDr vkseizdk'k dk O;fDrxr :i ls lkSaih ugha x;h Fkh] vfirq in ij fu;qDr vf/kdkjh dks lkSaih x;h FkhA vfHk;qDr }kjk iqfyl pkSdh iuokM+ esa jgrs gq, fnukad 27-06-2008 dks gh Fkkukf/kdkjh dks tkap fjiksVZ izn'kZ ih&15 izsf"kr dj nh Fkh] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa fnukad 27-06-2008 ds ckn ifjoknh dk dksbZ dk;Z vFkkZr ifjokn ij tkap vfHk;qDr ds ikl yafcr ugha FkhA xokg ih- MCyw&6 rRdkyhu ,p-lh- QjgrqYyk us Hkh ;g l'kiFk dFku fd;k gS fd fnukad 27-06-2008 ds ckn ifjoknh dk dksbZ dk;Z vfHk;qDr ds ikl yafcr ugha FkkA 11- fo}ku vf/koDrk vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls U;kf;d fu.kZ; State of Lokayuktha Police, Davanagerei Vs. C.B. Nagaraj 2025 INSC 736 izLrqr djrs gq, fuosnu fd;k fd tc ifjoknh dk dksbZ dk;Z vfHk;qDr ds ikl fnukad 27-06-2008 ds ckn yafcr gh ugha Fkk rFkk vfHk;qDr] ifjoknh dks dksbZ ykHk vFkok gkfu igqapkus dh fLFkfr esa ugha Fkk rks ,slh fLFkfr esa ifjoknh] vfHk;qDr dks fnukad 27-06-2008 ds ckn fj'or jkf'k nsus gsrq lger o vxzlj gks vkSj vfHk;qDr }kjk ekax dh tkos] ;g rF; vius vki esa vLokHkkfod o vfo'oluh; gSA bl fu.kZ; dk iSjk la[;k&25 lqlaxr gS tks fuEukuqlkj gS& "25. -------------- Thus, if the same is accepted, there was no occasion for the Complainant to go ahead with paying the amount, which he claims to be in the nature of [2026:RJ-JP:21434] (8 of 18) [CRLAS-2212/2025] bribe demanded by the Respondent, after the work for which the bribe was purportedly sought, had already been done. ------------------" ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; ds mijksDr fu.kZ; esa izfrikfnr O;oLFkk ds vuqlkj tgka vfHk;qDr ds ikl dksbZ dk;Z yafcr ugha gks rFkk vfHk;qDr viuh inh; gSfl;r dk mi;ksx vFkok nq:i;ksx dj fdlh dks ykHk vFkok gkfu igqapkus dh fLFkfr ugha ugha gks rks ,slh fLFkfr esa fj'or jkf'k dh ekax vFkok mldk vknku&iznku lkekU; :i ls Lohdk;Z ugha gSA orZeku ekeys esa Hkh vfHk;qDr ds ikl ifjoknh dk dksbZ dk;Z fnukad 27-06-2008 ds ckn yafcr ugha Fkk] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa vfHk;qDr] ifjoknh ls fj'or jkf'k dh ekax djs rFkk mlds fy, ifjoknh lger gks] ;g dgkuh fo'oluh; izrhr ugha gksrh gSA 12- tgka rd vfHk;qDr }kjk fj'or jkf'k dh ekax o Lohd`fr dk iz'u gS] bl laca/k esa rF;kRed fLFkfr ij fopkj djus ls iwoZ fo}ku vf/koDrk vfHk;qDr }kjk fof/kd fLFkfr ds laca/k esa izLrqr U;kf;d n`"VkUrksa dk llEeku voyksdu fd;kA U;kf;d n`"VkUr B. Jayaraj Vs. State of Andhra Pradesh (2014) 13 SCC 55 dk lqlaxr iSjk 7 o 9 fuEukuqlkj gS& "7. In so far as the offence under Section 7 is concerned, it is a settled position in law that demand of illegal gratification is sine qua non to constitute the said offence and mere recovery of currency notes cannot constitute the offence under Section 7 unless it is proved beyond all reasonable doubt that the accused voluntarily accepted the money knowing it to be a bribe. The above position has been succinctly laid down in several judgments of this Court. By way of illustration reference may be made to the decision in C.M. Sharma Vs. State of A.P.[2] and C.M. Girish Babu Vs. C.B.I.[3]. [2026:RJ-JP:21434] (9 of 18) [CRLAS-2212/2025] 9. In so far as the presumption permissible to be drawn under Section 20 of the Act is concerned, such presumption can only be in respect of the offence under Section 7 and not the offences under Section 13(1)(d)(i)(ii) of the Act. In any event, it is only on proof of acceptance of illegal gratification that presumption can be drawn under Section 20 of the Act that such gratification was received for doing or forbearing to do any official act. Proof of acceptance of illegal gratification can follow only if there is proof of demand. As the same is lacking in the present case the primary facts on the basis of which the legal presumption under Section 20 can be drawn are wholly absent. " blh izdkj P. Satyanarayana Murthy Vs. Dist. Inspector of Police And Anr. AIR 2015 SC 3549 ds iSjk la[;k&18] 19 rFkk 20 lqlaxr gSa tks fuEukuqlkj gSa& "18. This Court in A. Subair vs. State of Kerala (2009)6 SCC 587, while dwelling on the purport of the statutory prescription of Sections 7 and 13(1)(d) of the Act ruled that the prosecution has to prove the charge thereunder beyond reasonable doubt like any other criminal offence and that the accused should be considered to be innocent till it is established otherwise by proper proof of demand and acceptance of illegal gratification, which are vital ingredients necessary to be proved to record a conviction. 19. In State of Kerala and another vs. C.P. Rao (2011) 6 SCC 450, this Court, reiterating its earlier dictum, vis-à-vis the same offences, held that mere recovery by itself, would not prove the charge against the accused and in absence of any evidence to prove payment of bribe or to show that the accused had voluntarily accepted the money knowing it to be bribe, conviction cannot be sustained. 20. In a recent enunciation by this Court to discern the imperative pre-requisites of Sections 7 and 13 of the Act, it has been underlined in B. Jayaraj (supra) in unequivocal terms, that mere possession and recovery of currency notes from an accused without proof of demand would not establish an offence under [2026:RJ-JP:21434] (10 of 18) [CRLAS-2212/2025] Sections 7 as well as 13(1)(d)(i)&(ii) of the Act. It has been propounded that in the absence of any proof of demand for illegal gratification, the use of corrupt or illegal means or abuse of position as a public servant to obtain any valuable thing or pecuniary advantage cannot be held to be proved. The proof of demand, thus, has been held to be an indispensable essentiality and of permeating mandate for an offence under Sections 7 and 13 of the Act. Qua Section 20 of the Act, which permits a presumption as envisaged therein, it has been held that while it is extendable only to an offence under Section 7 and not to those under Section 13(1)(d)(i)&(ii) of the Act, it is contingent as well on the proof of acceptance of illegal gratification for doing or forbearing to do any official act. Such proof of acceptance of illegal gratification, it was emphasized, could follow only if there was proof of demand. Axiomatically, it was held that in absence of proof of demand, such legal presumption under Section 20 of the Act would also not arise." ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; ds mijksDr nksuksa fu.kZ;ksa esa izfrikfnr fof/kd O;oLFkk ls Li"V gS fd yksdlsod vfHk;qDr ls dfFkr fj'or jkf'k cjken gksuk gh i;kZIr ugha gS] vfirq vfHk;qDr }kjk fj'or jkf'k dh ekax vkSj mlds vuqdze esa mldh Lohd`fr vko';d gSA 13- bl laca/k esa ifjoknh izHkwyky ih-MCyw&12 egRoiw.kZ xokg gS] ;g xokg i{knzksgh jgk gSA eq[; ijh{k.k esa ;g xokg tkfgj djrk gS fd mlds fo:) izLrqr ifjokn ij iuokM+ pkSdh ds gSM lkgc vkse th tkap dj jgs Fks] ml le;kof/k esa nsoyh Fkkus ls fdlh vU; O;fDr dk Qksu vk;k fd mls tsy esa can dj nsaxs rFkk fj'or jkf'k dh ekax dh] bl ij mlds }kjk C;wjks ds le{k fjiksVZ dh Fkh] izn'kZ ih&7 fjiksVZ ij mlds gLrk{kj gSaA mDr Qksu vfHk;qDr vkseizdk'k dk vk;k gks rFkk mlds }kjk dksbZ fj'or jkf'k dh ekax dh x;h gks] bl rF; dk bl xokg }kjk leFkZu ugha fd;k [2026:RJ-JP:21434] (11 of 18) [CRLAS-2212/2025] x;k gSA ifjoknh }kjk ekax lR;kiu ds nkSjku vfHk;qDr ls lEidZ fd;k gks rFkk dksbZ okrkZ fjdkWMZ dh x;h gks] blh izdkj vfHk;qDr ds ekaxus ij mlus fj'or jkf'k nh gks rFkk ml le; dksbZ okrkZ dks fjdkWMZ fd;k x;k gks] bu lHkh rF;ksa ls bl xokg }kjk badkj fd;k x;k gSA izfrijh{kk esa xokg tkfgj djrk gS fd izn'kZ ih&7 mldh dyeh fjiksVZ ugha gS] cfYd C;wjks }kjk fdlh vU; O;fDr ds ek/;e ls fy[kk;h x;hA xokg ;g Hkh Lohdkj djrk gS fd vfHk;qDr }kjk mlds izdj.k dh tkap dj ekeyk >waBk ekurs gq, fjiksVZ igys gh izsf"kr dj nh Fkh] gkftj vnkyr vfHk;qDr }kjk u rks fj'or jkf'k dh ekax dh vkSj uk gh mlus vfHk;qDr dks dksbZ fj'or jkf'k nh] vfirq C;wjks ds dgus ij mlds }kjk eqyfte dh tkudkjh ds fcuk igys mldh 'kVZ dh tsc esa fj'or jkf'k j[kh] fdUrq ml le; ekSds ij mifLFkr efgyk dks 'kd gks tkus ls C;wjks }kjk nh x;h jkf'k vfHk;qDr dh ?kj ij Vaxh gqbZ isaV dh tsc esa j[k nh x;hA bl izdkj ;g xokg iw.kZr% i{knzksgh jgk gS vkSj vfHk;kstu dgkuh ds fdlh Hkh Hkkx dk leFkZu ugha djrk gSA 14- ekax lR;kiu ds le;a ifjoknh ds lkFk C;wjks ds flikgh egs'k ih-MCyw&3 dk lkFk gksuk crk;k gS] bl xokg dk dFku gS fd mlds lkeus vfHk;qDr }kjk dksbZ fj'or jkf'k dh ekax ugha dh] fj'or jkf'k dh ekax djrs u lquk vkSj uk gh ysrs&nsrs ns[kkA fnukad 01-08-2008 dh Vªsi dk;Zokgh Vh-,y-vks- jkts'k ;kno ih- MCyw&14] Lora= yksdlsod xokg f'kojkt ih-MCyw&4] ca'khyky Hkwikfj;k ih-MCyw&5 o C;wjks ds LVkQ egs'k ih-MCyw&3] HkkSajsyky ih- MCyw&8] uanflag ih-MCyw&9 vk;ksftr gksus dFku vo'; djrs gSa] ijUrq tkfgj djrs gSa fd vfHk;qDr o ifjoknh ds chp D;k ckr gqbZ] mUgsa tkudkjh ugha gSA vfHk;qDr us ifjoknh ls dksbZ fj'or jkf'k dh [2026:RJ-JP:21434] (12 of 18) [CRLAS-2212/2025] ekax muds lkeus ugha dh vkSj uk gh fj'or jkf'k dk ysunsu gqvkA C;wjks ds vf/kdkfj;ksa o LVkQ }kjk ;g vo'; tkfgj fd;k gS fd fnukad 01-08-2008 dks vfHk;qDr ds ?kj ij ifjoknh dk b'kkjk ikdj izos'k fd;k vkSj ryk'kh yh x;h rks vfHk;qDr dh Vaxh gqbZ isaV esa j[ks ilZ ls C;wjks }kjk fn;s x;s fQukWQ~Fkyhu yxs uksV dqy jkf'k 1800@& :i;s cjken gq,A vfHk;qDr ds gkFk dk /kksou fy;s tkus ij eVeSyk jgk] ysfdu cq'kZV dh tsc dk /kksou fy;k x;k rks og xqykch jgkA vfHk;qDr ml le; ij 'kVZ igus gq, ugha Fkk] cfYd vaMjfo;j&cfu;ku esa FkkA ih-MCyw&14 jkts'k ;kno] Vh-,y-vks- ;g Hkh tkfgj djrk gS fd ifjoknh vkSj vfHk;qDr ds chp Vªsi dk;Zokgh ds nkSjku tks okrkZ gqbZ Fkh] mldh VªkafLdzI'ku izn'kZ ih&13 rS;kj dh rFkk lh-Mh- Hkh rS;kj dj lhyeksgj dh x;h FkhA 15- okrkZ lR;kiu ds laca/k esa fo}ku vf/koDrk vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls izLrqr U;kf;d n`"VkUr Ram Singh & Ors. Vs. Col. Ram Singh A.I.R. 1986 SC 3 esa izfrikfnr O;oLFkk egRoiw.kZ o lqlaxr gS tks fuEukuqlkj gS& "the conditions for admissibility of a tape recorded statement may be stated as follows: (1) The voice of the speaker must be duly identified by the maker of the record or by others who recognise his voice. In other words, it manifestly follows as a logical corollary that the first condition for the admissibility of such a statement is to identify the voice of the speaker. Where the voice has been denied by the maker it will require very strick proof to determine whether or not it was really the voice of the speaker. (2) The accuracy of the tape recorded statement has to be proved by the maker of the record by satisfactory evidence - direct or circumstantial. (3) Every possibility of tampering with or erasure of a part of a tape recorded statement must be ruled out otherwise it may render the said statement out of con text and, therefore, inadmissible. [2026:RJ-JP:21434] (13 of 18) [CRLAS-2212/2025] (4) The statement must be relevant according to the rules of Evidence Act. (5) The recorded cassette must be carefully sealed and kept in safe or official custody. (6) The voice of the speaker should be clearly audible and not lost or distorted by other sounds or disturbances." mijksDr U;kf;d fu.kZ; esa izfrikfnr O;oLFkk o okafNr tkap ds e/;utj miyC/k lk{; dk iqu% xaHkhjrk ls voyksdu fd;k x;kA ifjoknh dks fn;s x;s VsifjdkWMZj esa igys ls dksbZ okrkZ ntZ ugha gks] ,slk vfHk;kstu i{k Li"V :i ls izekf.kr ugha dj ik;k gSA Lora= xokg f'kojkt tkafxM ih-MCyw&4 rFkk ca'khyky Hkwikfj;k ih- MCyw&5 dks VsifjdkWMZj pykdj lquk;k gks vFkok VªkalfdzI'ku i<+k;h gks] bl rF; ls nksuksa xokgku us badkj fd;k gSA VsifjdkWMZj] dEI;wVj ftlds ek/;e ls lh-Mh- rS;kj dh x;h gS] os lHkh mfpr vfHkj{kk esa jgs gksa vkSj mlesa dksbZ NsM+NkM+ ugha dh x;h gks] bl laca/k esa vfHk;kstu dk dksbZ Li"V dFku ugha gSA 16- Vh-,y-vks- lfgr C;wjks ds lHkh deZpkjh tkfgj djrs gSa fd eqyfte dks fxjQ~rkj fd;s tkus ls iwoZ os eqyfte dh vkokt ugha igpkurs Fks] VsifjdkWMZj o lh-Mh- esa vkokt vfHk;qDr dh gks] bl ckcr~ vufHkKrk tkfgj dh gS vkSj ;g dFku fd;k gS fd ifjoknh us viuh rFkk eqyfte dh vkokt gksuk crk;k gS] ysfdu tSlk fd Åij foospu fd;k x;k gS fd ifjoknh }kjk vfHk;qDr ls dksbZ okrkZ dh x;h gks] mls fjdkWMZ fd;k x;k gks rFkk VsifjdkWMZj o lh-Mh- esa okrkZ ifjoknh vkSj vfHk;qDr dh vks] bl rF; ls ifjoknh us badkj fd;k gS] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa ;|fi okrkZ lR;kiu izn'kZ ih&1 o 13 vfHkys[k ij gS] fdUrq mlesa vkokt vfHk;qDr dh gks] ;g rF; izekf.kr ugha gqvk gSA [2026:RJ-JP:21434] (14 of 18) [CRLAS-2212/2025] 17- xokg ih-MCyw&14 Vh-,y-vks- jkts'k dk ;g dFku jgk gS fd vfHk;qDr ls vkokt dk uewuk nsus gsrq vuqjks/k fd;k x;k Fkk] ysfdu mlds }kjk badkj fd;k x;k gS vkSj bl laca/k esa izn'kZ ih&16 nLrkost dks iznf'kZr djk;k x;k gSA ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk Ritesh Sinha Vs. State of Uttar Pradesh & Anr. State of Uttar Pradesh & Anr. (Supra) ds ekeys esa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd vkokt dk uewuk ekaxk tkuk vfHk;qDr dks mlds fo:) lk{; nsus gsrq ck/; fd;s tkus ds lerqY; ugha gSA ;g Hkh vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd vkokt dk uewuk fn;s tkus gsrq eftLVªsV ds le{k vkosnu izLrqr fd;k tk ldrk gS] ftl ij lacaf/kr eftLVªsV }kjk lquokbZ dj mfpr ik;s tkus ij vfHk;qDr dks vkokt dk uewuk fn;s tkus gsrq vknsf'kr fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj badkjh dh fLFkfr esa vfHk;qDr ds fo:) lHkh okafNr 'krsZa iwjh gksus ij foijhr mi/kkj.kk yh tk ldrh gSA orZeku ekeys esa vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh us vius Lrj ij gh vfHk;qDr dks vkokt dk uewuk nsus gsrq vuqjks/k fd;k x;k gS] ysfdu lacaf/kr U;kf;d eftLVªsV ds le{k vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh }kjk ,slk dksbZ vkosnu izLrqr dj vkokt dk uewuk fy;s tkus gsrq iz;kl Hkh ugha fd;k x;k gS] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa fjdkWMZ dh x;h okrkZ esa vfHk;qDr dh vkokt gks] bl ckcr~ feyku ugha gqvk o bl gsrq dksbZ oSKkfud lk{; vfHkys[k ij ugha gSA vr% izn'kZ ih&1 o 13 VªkafLdzI'ku ds vk/kkj ij fj'or jkf'k dh ekax vkSj Lohd`fr ds rF; dks vfHk;qDr ds fo:) izekf.kr ugha ekuk tk ldrkA 18- tgka rd vfHk;qDr }kjk fj'or dh ekax o Lohd`fr dk iz'u gS] ifjoknh bl fcUnq ij i{knzksgh jgk gSA Vh-,y-vks- jkts'k ;kno ih-MCyw&14] Lora= yksdlsod xokg f'kojkt ih-MCyw&4 rFkk ca'khyky Hkwikfj;k ih-MCyw&5 lfgr C;wjks ds vU; xokgku us ;g [2026:RJ-JP:21434] (15 of 18) [CRLAS-2212/2025] Li"V :i ls Lohdkj fd;k gS fd muds lkeus ifjoknh ls vfHk;qDr }kjk fj'or jkf'k dh dksbZ ekax ugha dh x;h rFkk uk gh fj'or jkf'k vfHk;qDr }kjk ifjoknh ls izkIr dh x;hA ;gka ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd vfHk;kstu dgkuh ;g jgh gS fd ifjoknh }kjk vfHk;qDr dks jkenso pkV HkaMkj ds ikl fQukWQ~Fkyhu ikmMj yxs 1800@& :i;s dh jkf'k lkSaih x;h Fkh] okLro esa ;g rF; lgh gksrk rks vfHk;qDr ds ?kj ij rRdky ckn vfHk;qDr dks fu:) fd;s tkus ds ckn mlds gkFk ds /kksou esa xqykch jax gksrkA Li"V gS fd vfHk;qDr }kjk dksbZ fj'or jkf'k ifjoknh ls vius gkFkksa esa ysdj izkIr ugha dh x;hA ;|fi vfHk;qDr ds ?kj ls mldh Vaxh gqbZ isaV esa j[ks ilZ ls 1800@& :i;s dh dfFkr fj'or jkf'k cjken gqbZ gS] ijUrq ifjoknh }kjk ;g tkfgj fd;k x;k gS fd mlds }kjk vfHk;qDr dh vuqifLFkfr esa tkudkjh fn;s fcuk vkSj ekax ds fcuk gh mlds ?kj tkdj Vaxh gqbZ isaV dh tsc esa mDr jkf'k j[kh x;h gSA 19- ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; B. Jayaraj Vs. State of Andhra Pradesh (Supra) rFkk P. Satyanarayana Murthy Vs. Dist. Inspector of Police And Anr. (Supra) esa izfrikfnr O;oLFkk ds vuqlkj Li"V gS fd tc rd vfHk;qDr }kjk fj'or jkf'k dh ekax o Lohd`fr dk rF; izekf.kr ugha gksrk gS rks ek= cjkenxh ds vk/kkj ij vfHk;qDr ds fo:) vkjksiksa dks izekf.kr ugha ekuk ldrkA orZeku ekeys esa cjkenxh Hkh lansgkLin gSA ;gka ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd vfHk;qDr ds ikl ifjoknh dk dksbZ dk;Z 'ks"k ugha Fkk] vr% vfHk;qDr }kjk fj'or dh ekax dh tkus rFkk ekax dh iwfrZ fd;s tkus ds laca/k esa ifjoknh }kjk lger gksus dk rF; vius vki esa vln~Hkkfod o vfo'oluh; gks tkrk gSA [2026:RJ-JP:21434] (16 of 18) [CRLAS-2212/2025] 20- tgka rd vfHk;kstu Lohd`fr dk iz'u gS] bl laca/k esa ;g fooknjfgr fof/kd O;oLFkk gS fd ,sls ekeyksa esa yksdlsod vfHk;qDr ds fu;kstd dh iwoZ vfHk;kstu Lohd`fr ds fcuk vfHk;qDr ds fo:) vfHk;kstu lafLFkr gksus ;ksX; ugha gSA xokg ih-MCyw&10 jkeewfrZ }kjk bl ekeys esa vfHk;kstu Lohd`fr izn'kZ ih&28 tkjh dh x;h gSA vfHk;kstu Lohd`fr izn'kZ ih&28 ds vuqlkj Li"V gS fd ;g vfHk;kstu Lohd`fr dk;Zokgd iqfyl v/kh{kd }kjk tkjh dh x;h gS] tcfd vfHk;qDr dk fu;kstd vkSj fu;qfDr vf/kdkjh iqfyl v/kh{kd] Vksad FkkA izfrijh{kk esa xokg ih-MCyw&10 jkeewfrZ }kjk ;g Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS fd vfHk;kstu Lohd`fr tkjh djus ds le; mldk ewy in vfrfjDr iqfyl v/kh{kd dk Fkk] ysfdu fnukad 19-08-2009 dks og dk;Zokgd iqfyl v/kh{kd Hkh Fks] ysfdu dk;Zokgd iqfyl v/kh{kd fu;qDr gksus dk dksbZ vkns'k vfHkys[k ij ugha gSA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk bl laca/k esa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd iqfyl v/kh{kd dh vuqifLFkfr esa ftys dk ofj"Bre iqfyl vf/kdkjh ftys dk iqfyl v/kh{kd ekuk tkrk gS vkSj bl laca/k esa muds }kjk iqfyl fu;eksa dk voyEc fd;k x;k gSA 21- iqfyl v/kh{kd dk fu;fer dk;ZHkkj ;fn vfrfjDr iqfyl v/kh{kd ds ikl gksrk rks fLFkfr fHkUu gksrhA iqfyl v/kh{kd dh vuqifLFkfr esa vfrfjDr iqfyl v/kh{kd dks iqfyl v/kh{kd dk vfrfjDr dk;ZHkkj fn;k tkrk rks bl laca/k esa l{ke vf/kdkjh dk vkns'k ikfjr gksuk vko';d Fkk] ysfdu xokg ih-MCyw&10 jkeewfrZ us izfrijh{kk esa ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd bl vk'k; dk dksbZ vkns'k i=koyh ij ugha gSA mijksDr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa dqN fnu vFkok dqN ?kaVksa ds fy, iqfyl v/kh{kd dh vuqifLFkfr jgh gS vkSj vfrfjDr iqfyl v/kh{kd }kjk iqfyl v/kh{kd dk vko';d dk;Z [2026:RJ-JP:21434] (17 of 18) [CRLAS-2212/2025] fd;k x;k gS rks ml fLFkfr esa vfrfjDr iqfyl v/kh{kd dks iqfyl v/kh{kd dk fu;fer pktZ fn;k tkuk ugha ekuk tk ldrkA vfHk;qDr dk fu;qfDr vf/kdkjh] iqfyl v/kh{kd Fkk vkSj muds }kjk gh U;kf;d efLr"d dk iz;ksx djrs gq, vfHk;kstu Lohd`fr tkjh fd;k tkuk visf{kr Fkk] ysfdu muds }kjk dksbZ vfHk;kstu Lohd`fr bl ekeys esa tkjh ugha dh x;h gSA vr% Li"V gS fd bl izdj.k eas vfHk;qDr ds fo:) vfHk;kstu lafLFkr djus ds laca/k esa l{ke vf/kdkjh dh dksbZ vfHk;kstu Lohd`fr ugha gS] vr% ek= bl dkj.k ls gh vfHk;qDr nks"keqDr gksus ;ksX; gSA 22- ;gka ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd ?kVuk o"kZ 2008 dh gS vkSj vfHk;qDr djhc 18 o"kZ dh vUoh{kk Hkqxr pqdk gS rFkk izdj.k dk izHkkoh :i ls fopkj.k gks pqdk gS] vU;Fkk Hkh vfHk;qDr xq.k&nks"kksa ij Hkh nks"keqfDr dk vf/kdkjh gS] vr% ek= vfHk;kstu Lohd`fr l{ke izkf/kdkjh }kjk tkjh dj fopkj.k gsrq ekeyk izfrizsf"kr fd;k tkuk mfpr ugha gSA ,slk vkns'k ikfjr fd;k tkrk gS rks ;g vfHk;qDr ds fy, iwokZxzg dkfjr djsxk rFkk U;k; guu ds lerqY; gksxkA 23- mijksDr foospu ls Li"V gS fd vfHk;qDr ds fo:) yxk;s vkjksiksa ds laca/k esa vfHk;kstu i{K viuh dgkuh dks lansg ls ijs izekf.kr ugha dj ldk gS] fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk blds ckotwn rF;ksa o fof/k ds foijhr tkdj ek= vuqeku ds vk/kkj ij viuk vfHker nsrs gq, vfHk;qDr ds fo:) nks"kfl)h o n.Mkns'k dk fu.kZ; ikfjr fd;k gS] tks fLFkj jgus ;ksX; ugha gS] vr% vk{ksfir fu.kZ; vikLr gksus rFkk vfHk;qDr bl ekeys esa nks"keqDr gksus ;ksX; gSA 24- mijksDr foospukuqlkj vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr vkseizdk'k dh vksj ls izLrqr ;g vihy Lohdkj dh tkrh gS rFkk fo}ku fopkj.k [2026:RJ-JP:21434] (18 of 18) [CRLAS-2212/2025] U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr vk{ksfir fu.kZ; fnukad 08-08-2025 vikLr djrs gq, vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr vkseizdk'k iq= nkukjke tkV dks Hkz"Vkpkj fuokj.k vf/kfu;e&1988 dh /kkjk 7] 13¼1½¼d½ lifBr /kkjk 13¼2½ vFkkZr lHkh vkjksfir vijk/kksa ds vkjksi ls nks"keqDr ?kksf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA 25- dk;kZy; }kjk fu.kZ; dh ,d izfr ds lkFk fopkj.k U;k;ky; dk vfHkys[k vfoyEc fopkj.k U;k;ky; dks izsf"kr fd;k tkosA (UMA SHANKER VYAS),J res./Arun Kumar Mittal/420