Research › Search › Judgment
High Court of Karnataka · body
2026 DAILYLAW 54716 (KAR)
VENKATESH BANDENAVAR v. LAXMIBAI
WP/202339/2025 · 2026-01-14
Pradeep Singh Yerur
body2026
[ 2026 DAILYLAW 54716 (KAR) · dailylaw.ai ]
[ 2026 DAILYLAW 54716 (KAR) · dailylaw.ai ]
Judgment text
Extracted from the PDF above. The PDF is authoritative.
- 1 -
!"#"$
%&#"
'&(
!"#$%
"
!"#$%
&
"
!"#$%
&$
!"#$%
"
® Digitally signed by NIJAMUDDIN JAMKHANDI Location: HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA
- 2 -
$
!"#$%
$
&#
!"#$%
&&
'
!"#$%
#
$"
!"#$%
(
$
# !!"#&&
)
*
+
,
-
- $%
!"#$
- 3 -
"
!"#$%
)
'
'
'
'
&%"
%!%&! %"
,! '
. /01 23404056 01 70839 :; 4/3 234040563<1 133=06> 45 ?@A1/ 4/3 0B2@>639 C5B2<5B013 93C<33 06
5&%" 9A439 %%&%" 2A1139 :; 4/3 <06C02A8 0D08@9>30EA;A2@<A
4 01 4/3 C564364056 57 83A<639 C5@6138 75< 4/3 234040563<1 4/A4 4/3 234040563<1 A69 <3125693641 A<3 C52A<C363<1A694/31@041C/39@832<523<4;01A6A6C314<A8 E5064 7AB08; 2<523<4; 57 4/3 234040563<1 A69 /@1:A69 57 <3125693645 /36AB3157234040563<1A69<312569364 5 CAB3 45 :3 B@4A439 06 4/3 E5064 5F63<1/02 9A439
- 4 -
%%%"4014/37@<4/3<C5643640565783A<639C5@6138 75< 4/3 234040563<1 4/A4 <312569364 5 06 C588@1056 F04/ <312569364 5 A883>398; 3643<39 0645 A6 A><33B364 57 1A839A439$%%"06<3123C457&%>@64A1578A69A69 :; C588@906> F04/ 3AC/ 54/3< 06140>A439 4/3 <312569364 5 /3<306 F/5 70839 5&%" 75< 4/3 <38037 57 123C070C 23<75<BA6C3 57 A C564<AC4 /3 1@04 FA1 70839 56 %%"A696540C3FA1>54011@3956(%%"A69 AC5B2<5B01323404056CAB345:370839@693<<93<,, @83 & 57 593 57 0D08 <5C39@<3 (%# 56 %$%&%" A69 :; <93< 9A439 %%&%" 4/3 83A<639 0D08 @9>3 ACC324394/3C5B2<5B01323404056A692A1139AE@9>B364 A6993C<33564/3:A101574/31A09C5B2<5B01323404056 4014/015<93<57C5B2<5B01393C<334/A401?@31405639:;
4/3 234040563<1 /3<306 /AD06> 654 :336 BA93 2A<4031 45 4/31A095<0>06A81@042<5C33906>1 & 4 01 4/3 C564364056 57 4/3 234040563<1 4/A4 4/3 1A09C5B2<5B01323404056010883>A8A<:04<A<;A697<A@9@8364 563 C<3A439 A69 3G3C@439 :3/069 4/3 :AC= 57 4/3
- 5 -
234040563<1F/5A<3654BA932A<4031454/35<0>06A81@04 /3<375<3 F/36 4/3 2<523<4; 01 A6 A6C314<A8 2<523<4; :3856>06>454/3234040563<1A694/3<3125693641A694/3 B@4A4056364<;14A691064/36AB3574/3234040563<1A856> F04/4/3<31256936454/3?@314056574/3<3125693641 654BA=06>4/3234040563<12A<4031454/31@042<5C33906>1 A69/AD06>5:4A0639A93C<337<A@9@83648;:3/0694/3:AC= 574/3234040563<1010883>A8A69A<:04<A<;36C34/31AB3 <3?@0<3145:3134A1093A694/3234040563<1H1A;<3?@0<3145 :3C561093<39
/015@<495316547069A63395<63C31104;45 011@36540C3454/3<3125693641A14/015@<40106C8063945 90<3C4 4/3 <0A8 5@<4 45 C561093< 4/3 A2280CA4056 5< 2340405607A6;70839:;4/3234040563<1
" 4 01 1336 4/A4 4/3 234040563<1 F3<3 654 BA93 2A<4031454/35<0>06A81@042<5C33906>106 5&%" F/0C/36939@206AC5B2<5B01393C<3334040563<1/AD3 <A0139 13D3<A8 C5643640561 A69 @<>39 13D3<A8 ><5@691 45 134 A1093 4/3 C5B2<5B013 93C<33 A1 4/3 1AB3 FA1
- 6 -
5:4A06397<A@9@83648;:3/0694/3:AC=574/3234040563<14 BA;654:32<523<75<4/015@<4453643<4A064/0123404056 A1 4/3 BA443< F088 /AD3 45 :3 <3D3<439 45 4/3 D3<; 1AB3 5@<4F/0C/2A11394/3C5B2<5B01393C<3345<3C561093< 4/3 BA443< A7<31/ 56 4/3 234040563<1 70806> A6 A2280CA4056 5< 23404056 06 5&%" /01 5@<4 06 5%%%"0610B08A<C0<C@B14A6C3190125139577A 2340405656%%%$<38;06>@2564/3E@9>B364574/3 56.:8323G5@<4064/3CA1357
F/3<306 4/3 56.:83 23G 5@<4 /389 06 2A<A><A2/ 51A69A1@693<
! " ! #$ ## # # %! %&
! #
" # %! % # '
( )* + * %
&
" ! !!,$ -# %
$%
& ! " &" ##! $
% ! $
. *
! /0!
( )* + % # %
1#
2 1
" -
%
"# &
* #"
& $% ' #
3#
* 4) & % &
"5! #$
"
- 7 -
! *
# # $ # %! % # 0%
$
,
" $%
*## #
! "
#
3#
*"
# %! %# !! ,% !!#
"
#
) %% 6! $
+- $ )778 88 '
#*
9
" # 8
"
6
"( :*+%
"
6 &,,
"%% 48* ( )* + 3 # 2#
"
!! $ # # # $
"$
# # %! % %
&*
# "
& " " $ # # ;#* , %, &
$$ ! , !! #
#
# # %! %
! ()*+ <
14! %$" % % ! " ( ) # & %%! <
= !! %
& $ # # $ $ !#"# &# # 8 6
= !! %
& $
"
# # $
# %! %
"$ # # %! %
"
"#%
"+( :
= ! # & " "
$ # %! % #
$ # %! %
"
"
&# +>3
- 8 -
3# # ! !! &$ &,
# # ! #
#* &,
!!#
! +()
" * , %, &
! , # #
# # #* !! #
#
# # # %! % % #
%
"
*
&
# %! %'
*
#
# # # %! %
" # #
2
# %! %
&## # $ &
# #
&
! !%! " !! "
#
,
" # # ! ,
,
"
$%
# %! % #
%1
$ 4 F5@89 :3 <383DA64 75< 4/01 5@<4 45 3G4<AC4 <93<,,@83&!F/0C/<3A91A1@693< ! " ???? #$
%! "=
# $ # %! %
#
#&
" @
4F5@89:3<383DA6475<4/015@<445938D30645 4/3BA443<7@<4/3<06D03F574/3<3:306>15B3C56780C406> D03F1 F04/ <3>A<9 45 F/34/3< A C/A8836>3 45 4/3
- 9 -
C5B2<5B01393C<33C5@89:3:375<34/31AB35@<4F/0C/ 2A11394/3C5B2<5B01393C<335<:;70806>A132A<A431@04 5<:;FA;5770806>AF<0423404056 # 6 4/3 CA13 57 %! % & $
%'! %'! & <325<43906()*+,
-
*.)/%+
0D01056 36C/ 57 4/01 5@<4 A4 2A<A><A2/ 5% A69 /389 A1 @693< 7'
>
!#!
$ -#
&,
" #
"
6 # # '
"
! "()*+ >3
!! &$
! (= 8
"
$& ! !, ! &,
!! A "
> +%!!6*
!" !! 2 # %! % # ! *
!! &$
! (= 8
"
#
" %# !!# '
## $,* B$* 3
$
, %
C# 3!!# =
"
"#
"
6
-#
! (= :
"8 '
! (= :
"8
" &,
!! " #%$ D8 E , ! - 10 -
!! A "
>+%!! 6 ! , ! "
# %! % ! ,$'
"
%
*
! " !! 9 ,
"#
! # %! %
%
" , 0#
&,
"
>+%!! 6
&,
% &$ !! &$
+
" +%!! 6 , ,
"
"
$ % / #
# %! % # ! # "
"#@
( 6 4/3 CA13 57 01
2 2!30! <325<439 06 # ,$ **
0D01056 36C/ 57 4/01 5@<4 93A84 F04/ A BA443< F/3<3A>A06AC5B2<5B01393C<33FA1C/A8836>3964/01 CA13 4/3 011@3 4/A4 FA1 93A84 F04/ FA1 4/3 C5B2<5B013 93C<3306A<32<31364A40D31@04F/3<3A5@<4/3894/A4A 23<156 F/5 01 3773C439 :; 1@C/ C5B2<5B013 :@4 654 A 2A<4;4504BA;7083A132A<A431@04133=06>2<523<<380371 06 <3>A<9 45 1@C/ C5B2<5B013 93C<33 :; FA; 57 93C8A<A40565<54/3<F01342A<A><A2/5574/34/01 E@9>B3644/3
0D0105636C//A1/389A1@693<
- 11 -
:!#!2,!!, ( )+*3 6 *
"#
# # # 3 # # ! & &2 #$$
# %! %
# # # #! ,"
# %! % &
# #! ## #
+ 3 & %! #$
# %! % ! &#! , # %! %
#$
# %! %
"*
&,"$!!# %
&,"$!!(:+3 # % & ,
! 3! ! ,
*#
& ,"!!#
* !!* #$# %! % &$
"
! * "
# ! ! %&" #$
&$ ! # %! %D$%
*
,
""#
&# % ! &
%
&
! , $
# %! %
# #*#
"'
#
! ! # 2# # # + *
# ! ! &
"!!#
"!!
( : + 3 " $
&$! 9$!! ! %,* %""#
E
"
"+
# %! *!$#
# %! %! *,! ""#
&, # # %! % #* &
! , %,"! 9$ !! ! " $ # # %! % #* &, ,
" #
;
- 12 -
%,
"
" !! ! "$ $ # %! %## & &
&,
!#! " -#
!!@
% 5!5<906A43 36C/ 57 4/01 5@<4 /A9 4/3 5225<4@604; 45 93A8 F04/ 4/3 1AB3 011@3 06 4/3 CA13 57
! 2456! <325<439 06 , ## /01 5@<4 <38;06> @256 4/3 E@9>B364 57
0D01056 36C/ 57 56H:83 23G5@<4064/3CA13577 6 0
$! 0)/+!0
<325<43906$
!!(((BA93A901406C4056A69A<<0D39A4A C56C8@10564/A4A23<156F/5016304/3<A2A<4;454/31@04 65< 45 C5B2<5B013 23404056 /A9 A6 06932369364 <0>/4 45 133= A6; 1/A<3 06 4/3 1@04 2<523<4; /3<375<3 4/3 :A< @693<@83&57<93<,,01654A228039A1/301 C8A0B06>06932369364<0>/4
/3 5!5<906A43 36C/ 57 4/01 5@<4 06 & ((.8#064/3CA1357
1 <38;06>@2564/3CA13574/3E@9>B364064/3CA1357 %!' & $ *1@2<A+ A69
- 13 -
DA<05@154/3<E@9>B3641A42A<A><A2/5#/A1/389A1 @693< '
#
! #
! ""
&$ ! , ( = )D)7) # %! % #
"
# %!,$
+
"(??'''
" 6
"
# !!#
! ""!& # %! %( = 7D)7) $ $
"# ! "" ! ,
#
* % !!#
"&,"
= @
64/3CA1357&$'94 $' % 94
<325<439 06 * , (.*#
0D01056 36C/ 57 4/01 5@<4 93A84 F04/ 1AB3 104@A4056 03 C/A8836>3 45 4/3 901B011A8 57 C5B2<5B013 93C<33 4 2A<A><A2/ 5" 04 /389A1@693< ;#*
#
! ! ""
" ( = 4D)7 #$$ # %! % # ! ( = D) +#
"
! ""*",* & ## #
(??'''+
"
6 *
$ ! # & ;#* 2
"%" #
A$
A@
- 14 -
& 56H:83 23G 5@<4 93A84 F04/ 10B08A< 1@:E3C4 BA443<A69/389A1@693<064/375885F06>CA131 0D01056 36C/ 57 56H:83 23G 5@<4 06 4/3 CA13 57 &! / %0 )+ !0 2 4 0 <325<439 06 ).+ *
*../A1/389A1@693<062A<A><A2/5 4! %$" %
% ! "()#&%%! < = !!
%
& $ # # $ $ !#"# & # # 8 6 = !! %
& $
"
# # $
# %! %
"$ # # %! %
"
"#%
"+(: = ! # & " "
$# %! %# $
# %! %
"
" &# +>3 3 # # ! !! &$ &,
# # ! #
#* &,
!!#
! +()
" * ,%,& ! ,
# #
## #*
- 15 -
!! #
# # #
# %! %%#
%
"
* & # %! % ' *
# # # # %! %
" # #
2
# %! %
&## # $& # #
&
! !%! " !! "
# ,
" # #! , ,
" $% # %! % # %#
"
* #$ # # %! % # ",
" ! "!!#
" $ # # )>>)77 &, $$ # %! % ## #
$"#
,*
"
"
#$
# # . &
9
"*
#
"
",
"
)4>>)77 " !! #
! !!#
"&" # # ! # ##!!&, #
" %
&* $ $ 0! & # #
8
" 1
"
0D01056 36C/ 57 56H:83 23G 5@<4 06 4/3 CA13572& )+!0
2
& /)+!0
<325<43906)(:+
.062A<A><A2/5145A1/389A1@693<
- 16 -
4 '
#* !"
"
#
9!$
& # ( ) +>3
"
" 6 #*7"
1 6 1 "
"$
#
"
&#
#
8 6 * # ! &
"$
" , !!*
$
#
!!,&# ! # !!"#
77 6 !! %9$"#
! $
#
! 9 #
$% #$
# %! %
#
D!! , 0#! &$"
#$"
$
" " # %%
&,
! &
$ , -#
*
*
!! ! #*%, '
#*"
;$
0%
! "
!! ! !, 9!$
"#
$
!!#
$
$
#9 & !! " 9#
,
$ % #
# !!
! " ""#
$
$
"
! $
"# %! %*
! !" % > 0%
*
! *
;$
*#! "
# !! ,
" % 0% $ '
%
"
;$
$
! #$ " &,
!! # # !!#
- 17 -
7'
"
*# 0%
"#
$ $ &, ! !! "
;$
0% " % ## #
! "
% !! ##
! %!$ )>>)774 !! ;$
2 #
%
"
%
## # &$
"# &, ,
"
&
% #"" %
$ % $ " % ! %
#
;$
" ! @
$ 64/3CA13577 6 0*1@2<A+4/3 56H:8323G5@<4062A<A><A2/51A69A1/389A1 @693<
4. ,
"# ,$!#! " -#
$ " % * #
"
"
$
&
&
" # %! %&
! +3
"( ) 6 ! !#"#&
# $
# %! % #
#&
"#%
"()+ 6
%
!#
,
"
$ !%
! %#&,# % %
#"* $ , # ! " ! # &
%
$ $ # %! % ""#
"
, # %
& ! , %! " # %! % ! - 18 -
$! ,* ! &2
!!# ! +
" ( ) 6 &"
)) '
*
!! # , #%
$!# %! ,* 0
" $
% & %! ,
"# # %! % # C, &#
!! ! ,
# %! % #
"#
"
! #* &
"
!! * %# $ % #
" #
2
,
"
# %! % # ! &, ;$ &,,
"&
&"
#
#
"
* $
&$ % 3%$* # $ & ,
"
# %! %
&,
! ! * , ;$ * ##! # %! % ! # &* # 0% %
! +
"() 6 '
%
*
" *"
&" # &, !! %
&
" !#"#&+3
"() 6 %!$-$%
@
0D01056 36C/ 57 56.:83 23G 5@<4 06 4/3 CA13 57 !6! % 7!
;54&4 % $<325<43906)+(* .* 062A<A><A2/5&(/A1/389A1@693<
- 19 -
3%
,
! ""
$
# # %! % " *
"
#
& ( ) + >3 6 * # 9 # 1 # %! %# ! !# = )
" 8))
" 3!!= 44
")77*6 & *
% & & 1 ! , &,
9 =
$ 3$&()+>3 6 !!#& ! , %, & % &
!! #
% # '
! #* #0#
! &
" &
" % ;#* " & &@
#
0D01056 36C/ 57 56H:83 23G 5@<4 06 4/3 CA13 57 4! 76 0 $
2 9!!76 0)!0
+ <325<43906* *(A42A<A><A2/51A69" A1/389A1@693< ) ,%,$
# %! %#
"#!!#
6! $
+-$*)778 88 %%! ! ""
< 14! %$" %
% ! "()#&%%! < = !! %
& $
#
#$$ !#"#&#
# 8 6
- 20 -
= !!%
&$
" # # $
# %! %
"$
# # %! %
"
" #%
"+(: = ! # & " " $ # %! %# $
# %! %
"
"
& # +>3 3# # ! !! &$
&, # # ! # #* &,
!!# ! + ()
" * ,%,& ! ,
# #
## #*
!! #
# # #
# %! %%#
%
"
* & # %! % ' *
# # # # %! %
" # #
2
# %! %
&## # $& # #
&
! !%! " !! "
# ,
" # #! , ,
" $% # %! % # %1 * " ##! #
" !! "
# # &, &
"
!! F $"
# %! %*# !$
"
# #* "
%, ' *
!! F
"
"#!!# &"
- 21 -
! # !!
F "
G C
* %
# # 2 , '
"
& *
"
%!$
)7)7))!&,
;$
3## $,*
!!%@
( 6 4/3 2<31364 CA13 56 /A69 04 01 4/3 CA13 57 234040563<14/A44/3;F3<3654BA932A<4031454/35<0>06A8 1@04 A69 C5B2<5B013 93C<33 /A1 :336 2A1139 :; 4/3 83A<639 <0A8@9>3 06 4/30<A:136C34 01A815 C56436939 4/A4 1@04 1C/39@83 2<523<4031 A<3 A6C314<A8 2<523<4031 57 234040563<1 A69 /@1:A69 57 <312569364 5 @4 :3/069 4/3:AC=574/3234040563<1A9380:3<A43A443B24FA1A69 7<A@9@8364C5B2<5B01393C<33015:4A0639F/0C/010883>A8 A69A<:04<A<;A694/31AB3/A145:3134A1093 % 3D3<A8E@9>B3641A<32A1139:;4/015@<4A69 DA<05@15@<41A694/356.:8323G5@<4064/3CA1357 7 6 0 *1@2<A+ A69 !6! % 7! *1@2<A+ D3<; 123C070CA88; 93A84 F04/
- 22 -
C/A8836>3 :; A 14<A6>3< 45 4/3 C5B2<5B013 93C<33 F/34/3< 45 :3 BA93 :; FA; 57 132A<A43 1@04 5< 06 4/3 1AB3 5@<4 F/0C/ 2A1139 4/3 C5B2<5B013 93C<33 /3 ?@314056 /A1 :336 <A0139 06 4/3 75885F06> BA663<! I /3 ?@314056A<0131064/3A223A875<5@<C561093<A405601A145 F/34/3<56A93C<332A113906AC5B2<5B01323404056CA6 :3 C/A8836>39 :; 4/3 14<A6>3< 45 4/3 2<5C33906>1 06 A 132A<A43 1@04JK A69 4/3 1AB3 /A1 :336 A61F3<39 06 4/3 63>A40D3 06 D03F 57 4/3 123C070C :A< @693< @83 & 57 <93<,,57593570D08<5C39@<3 /31A09520605657 4/356H:8323G5@<406%%017@<4/3<75<407039:;4/3 8A43< E@9>B364 93A806> F04/ 4/3 D3<; 1AB3 011@3 06 4/3 CA1357 !6!%7! *1@2<A+:;
/58906> I /3 8AF 56 4/01 25064 01 A8<3A9; 1344839 :; 4/01 5@<4 06 7 6 0 4/3 :A< @693< <93< ,, @83&!01A2280CA:83454/0<92A<4;A1F388 /3568; <3B39;ADA08A:83454/3BF5@89:345A22<5AC/4/3D3<; 1AB35@<4F/0C/9<3FC5B2<5B01393C<33K
- 23 -
6 4/3 CA13 57 4! 76 0 $
*1@2<A+ 4/3 56H:83 @2<3B3 5@<4 /A1 /389 4/A4 4/3 7<31/ 1@04 01 14088 654 DA809 <3B39; A>A0614 C5B2<5B01393C<33 /3568;<3B39;F5@89:3457083A6 A2280CA4056 :375<3 4/3 1AB3 5@<4 F/0C/ 2A1139 4/3 C5B2<5B01393C<33 6 D03F 57 4/313D3<A8 E@9>B3641 57 4/01 5@<4 A6956.:8323G5@<4A69A706A804;/AD06>:336A<<0D39 A4:;4/356.:8323G5@<4064/3CA131577 6
0 *1@2<A+ !6! % 7! *1@2<A+ 4! 76 0
$ *1@2<A+040165B5<3<310643><A4/A4F/36A23<1562A<4;
45 C5B2<5B013 4/3 93C<33 C/A8836>31 4/3 C5B2<5B013 93C<33:375<3A6;5@<454/3<4/A64/3D3<;1AB35@<4 F/0C/2A11394/3C5B2<5B01393C<331@C/23404056F5@89 654:3BA064A06A:83 & 3C5698; 4/3 568; <3B39; 75< A 2A<4; 45 4/3 C5B2<5B01393C<3307A>><03D39564/3<3A156577<A@901
- 24 -
45C/A8836>34/31AB3:375<34/3D3<;1AB35@<4F/0C/ 2A11394/3C5B2<5B01393C<33 7A23<156F/5016542A<4;454/3C5B2<5B013 93C<33C/A8836>394/31A09C5B2<5B01393C<33:;FA;57A 132A<A43 1@04 4/3 1AB3 01 654 1@14A06A:83 06 D03F 57 123C070C:A<@693<<93<,,@83&!
" 64/32<31364CA1356/A694/3234040563<1A<3 6542A<4031454/3C5B2<5B01393C<33A694/3;/AD370839 2<31364F<0423404056?@31405606>4/3C5B2<5B01393C<33 /3 F<04 23404056 F5@89 654 :3 BA064A06A:83 A1 <3B39;
ADA08A:8345 4/3 234040563<1 0145 A22<5AC/ 4/3 D3<; 1AB3 5@<4F/0C/2A11394/3C5B2<5B01393C<3345A>04A43A69 @<>3 A88 250641 A69 C5643640561 4/A4 A<3 4A=36 06 4/01 23404056:375<34/31A095@<4 $ CC5<906>8;2A114/375885F06>
- 25 -
0 /012340405601 00 34040563<1A<32<5D093980:3<4;45A22<5AC/4/3 D3<;1AB35@<4F/0C/2A11394/3C5B2<5B01393C<33:;
70806> A6 A2280CA4056 5< 23404056 @<>06> A88 ><5@691 A69 C5643640561F/0C/A<34A=36@2/3<3:375<34/015@<46 70806>1@C/ A2280CA4056 5<23404056 4/383A<639 <0A8@9>3 1/A88C561093<4/31AB3A7<31/06ACC5<9A6C3F04/8AFA69 =33206> 06 B069 4/3 5:13<DA40561 57 4/3 56.:83 23G 5@<4064/3CA131B36405639/3<306A:5D3A6993C0934/3 BA443<3G23905@18;
)* '"( #
0145 85$