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2026 DAILYLAW 4337 (HP)

STATE OF HP v. MEMO DEVI

FAO/155/2014 · 2026-04-30

Virender Singh

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Judgment text

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1 2026:HHC:14210 IN THE HIGH COURT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH, SHIMLA FAO (MV) No. : 155 of 2014 Reserved on  : 18 th   April, 2026 Decided on    : 30 th    April, 2026 State of Himachal Pradesh .......Appellant Versus Memo Devi and Others ...Respondents Coram The Hon’ble Mr. Justice Virender Singh, Judge. Whether approved for reporting?1 Yes For the appellant      : Mr.   H.S.   Rawat,   Additional Advocate General with Ms. Avni Kochhar Mehta, Deputy Advocate General. For the respondents  : Mr.   Dibendar   Ghosh,   Advocate, for respondents No.1 to 5. Mr.   Vishwas   Kaushal,   Advocate vice Mr. Vivek Negi, Advocate for respondent No.6. Mr.   B.M.   Chauhan,   Senior Advocate with Mr. Amit Himalvi, Advocate for respondent No.7. Virender Singh, Judge State of Himachal Pradesh through Secretary PWD has preferred the present appeal, under Section 173 of the Motor Vehicles Act (hereinafter referred to as ‘the M.V. Act’), against the award dated 03.07.2013, passed by learned Motor Accident Claims Tribunal (II), Shimla, District Shimla, H.P. 1 Whether the reporters of Local Papers may be allowed to see the judgment? Yes. 2026:HHC:14210 2 (hereinafter   referred   to   as   ‘the   MACT’),   in   M.A.C.   Petition No.66­S/2 of 2008, titled as ‘Memo Devi & Others versus State of Himachal Pradesh & Others’. 2. By way of award dated 03.07.2013, the learned MACT has allowed the petition, filed by respondents No.1 to 5, for compensation, on account of death of their predecessor­ in­interest Money Ram, in a road side accident, having taken place   on   21.05.2004,   involving   vehicle   No.HP08­0755 (hereinafter referred to as ‘the offending vehicle’), against the respondents,   being   owners   and   insurer   of   the   offending vehicle. 3. Vide award dated 03.07.2013, the learned MACT has   awarded   compensation   of   Rs.9,48,500/­,   along   with interest, at the rate of 7.5% per annum, from the date of filing of   the   petition,   till   realization   of   the   whole   amount   from respondent No.1.   Respondents No.1 and 2 have been held liable,   jointly   and   severally,   to   pay   the   compensation, however, the ultimate liability to pay the compensation to the claimants   has   been   fastened   upon   respondent   No.   1 (appellant). 2026:HHC:14210 3 4. For the sake of convenience, the parties to the present lis are, hereinafter, referred to, in the same manner, in which, they were referred to, by the learned MACT. 5. Brief facts, leading to the filing of present appeal, before this Court, as emerge from the record, may be summed up, as under:­ 5.1. According   to   the   claim   petition,   predecessor­in­ interest of claimants Money Ram was working as Beldar in HPPWD Division Chopal, on monthly salary of Rs.4890/­. In addition   to   this,   he   was   earning   Rs.2,000/­   from   the agriculture pursuits. 5.2. On   21.05.2024,   Money   Ram,   along   with   other labourers, was deputed on Fadiz­Dhabas road. They were taken to the spot, in the morning, in the offending vehicle owned by respondent No.2, which was hired by HPPWD for the purpose of transporting the workers. 5.3. According to the claimants, it was regular practice to take the labourers/workmen to the site of work and bring them back to Gumma in the same vehicle after carrying out the work. 5.4. As per the claim petition, on the date of accident, when   the   offending   vehicle   was   bringing   them   back   and 2026:HHC:14210 4 reached near Bethal, the driver of the offending vehicle was driving the same, in a rash and negligent manner and he could   not   control   the   speed,   due   to   which,   the   offending vehicle went off the road. Consequently, 29 persons died on the spot, along with Money Ram. Driver and cleaner of the offending vehicle, also died in the said accident. 5.5. It   is   the   further   case   of   claimants   that   Money Ram, at the time of accident, was aged about 30 years and he was   working   as   Beldar   in   HPPWD   Division   Chopal. His income has been pleaded as Rs.4890/­ per month and in addition to this, he was earning Rs.2,000/­ per month from agricultural pursuits. 5.6. The information regarding the accident was given to Police Station Sadar Chopal, where, FIR No.58 of 2004, dated 22.05.2004, has been registered. Pleading their bright past   and   bleak   future,   the   claimants   have   sought compensation of Rs.15,00,000/­ from the respondents. 6. When put to notice, the claim petition has been contested by the respondents. Respondent No.1, has filed its reply,   by   taking   the   preliminary   objections   that   the   claim petition is not maintainable as cause of action, if any, for 2026:HHC:14210 5 filing the claim petition accrued only against driver, owner and insurer of the offending vehicle. 7. It has been pleaded that the accident, in question, had taken place at 6.00 p.m. on 21.05.2004. The offending vehicle neither belongs to the State, nor, the same was hired by the Department for carrying the labour to and fro. All the persons,   who   had   lost   their   lives,   voluntarily   boarded   the truck in order to avoid payment of fair, which they used to spend while traveling in bus. The claimants earlier had filed claim   petition   before   S.D.M­cum­Commissioner   under Workmen’s Compensation Act, Chopal, which stood disposed of by the SDM, for want of jurisdiction. 8. On merits, the factum of accident, as well as the monthly   salary   of   Money   Ram   has   not   been   disputed. Registration   of   FIR   has   also   been   admitted,   however, according to the State, Money Ram has voluntarily boarded the offending vehicle, without knowledge and consent of the State. The offending vehicle was not hired by the State for transportation of labour. Age of Money Ram, at the time of accident, has been pleaded as 39 years and he was a work­ charge Beldar, drawing salary of Rs.4890/­ per month. 2026:HHC:14210 6 9. Lastly,   it   has   been   pleaded   that   the   offending vehicle was engaged by the Department, on daily basis, from 9.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. w.e.f. 17.05.2004 to 21.05.2004 for transporting the material. 10. On the basis of the above facts, a prayer has been made to dismiss the petition. 11. Respondent   No.2   has   filed   separate   reply,   by taking the preliminary objections that the claim petition is not maintainable;   the   offending   vehicle   was   hired   by   the Executive Engineer, HPPWD Chopal and the offending vehicle was under the exclusive control of respondent No.1. As such, respondent No.2, has sought the exoneration to his liability to pay the compensation. According to respondent No. 2, the driver   of   the   offending   vehicle   was   driving   the   same   from 17.05.2000 till the date of accident, as per the instructions of respondent   No.1,   through   Executive   Engineer,   HPPWD Chopal  and the  offending  vehicle  in question  was  insured with respondent No.3, at the time of accident. 12. On merits, the contents of the claim petition have mainly been denied for want of knowledge, by reasserting the stand, as taken in the preliminary objections. Factum of accident has not been disputed, however, according to him, 2026:HHC:14210 7 the   driver   of   the   offending   vehicle   was   neither   rash   nor negligent. 13. Insurance Company of the offending vehicle has filed separate reply, by taking the preliminary objections that the   petition   is   not   maintainable   against   the   Insurance Company, as the claimants have no cause of action to file the same;   the   accident   had   taken   place,   when   the   offending vehicle was hired by respondent No.1, to carry the laborers to the work site and drop them back in the evening at their respective places; the offending vehicle was registered and being plied as goods carrier and the same cannot be used to transport   the   passenger;   the   deceased   was   traveling   as gratuitous passenger, as such, the Insurance Company is not liable to pay the compensation. 14. According   to   the   Insurance   Company,   the offending vehicle was being plied, in violation of the terms and conditions of the insurance policy and the driver was not having valid and effective driving license to drive the same. The claim petition is stated to be collusive in nature, as the same   has   been   filed   by   the   claimants,   in   collusion   with respondents No.1 and 2. 2026:HHC:14210 8 15. On merits, the contents of the claim petition have been denied, however, the factum of accident has not been disputed. Thus,   the   respondents   have   prayed   for   the dismissal of the claim petition. 16. From   the   pleadings   of   the   parties,   the   learned MACT   has   framed   the   following   issues,   vide   order   dated 30.08.2010: 1. Whether the deceased Money Ram @ Mand Ram died because of rash and negligent driving by driver of the Vehicle No.HP08­0755, as alleged? OPP 2. If issue No.1 is proved in affirmative, whether the petitioners are entitled to compensation. If so, how much and from whom? OPP 3. Whether the petition is not maintainable? OPR 4. Whether   the   deceased   was   traveling   in   the vehicle in question as unauthorized passenger. If so, its effect? OPR. 5. Whether the driver of the vehicle in question was driving   the   vehicle   without   any   valid   and effective driving licence. If so, its effect? OPR­3 6. Whether the vehicle in question was being driven at the relevant time in violation of the terms and conditions of Insurance Policy? OPR­3 7. Relief. 17. Thereafter, the parties to the  lis  were directed to adduce evidence. 2026:HHC:14210 9 18. After   the   closure   of   evidence   and   after   hearing learned counsel for the parties, the learned MACT has allowed the claim petition, as referred to above. 19. Feeling aggrieved from the said award passed by the  learned  MACT,  the  State   has  assailed  the  said  award before this Court on the ground that the learned MACT has not framed ‘proper issues’, as per the pleadings. The award has   also   been   assailed   on   the   ground   that   the   offending vehicle was hired for transporting stones and grit, however, the labourers used to board the offending vehicle to and fro, to their homes to avoid payment of bus fare, despite the fact, that regular bus service was available in the morning, as well as, in the evening. 20. According   to   the   appellant­State,   the   learned MACT has not considered the specific stand of the appellant qua   the   fact   that   the   offending   vehicle   was   hired   for transporting the material and the same was not hired to carry the labourers. 21. The award has also been assailed on the ground that the legal heirs of persons, who had lost their lives in the said accident, have approached the SDM Chopal, under the provisions of Workmen’s Compensation Act. When a specific 2026:HHC:14210 10 stand has been taken by the State that the death has not been caused during the course of employment, the matter was   transferred   to   LAO­cum­Workmen   Compensation, Commissioner South Zone, Shimla, where the said petitions are still pending. 22. The award has also been assailed on the ground that the owner has wrongly taken the stand that the offending vehicle   was   under   the   control   of   respondent   No.1,   since 17.05.2004. The   driver   was   never   authorized   to   carry labourers and he was driving the offending vehicle, as per the instructions of Executive Engineer. 23. The findings of the learned MACT are stated to be erroneous on the ground that it is not proved on the record that the offending vehicle was under the control of State, at the relevant time, or, the driver had transported the labourers with implied or oral consent of the officers of the State. 24. On the basis of the above facts, a prayer has been made to allow the appeal, by setting aside the award passed by the learned MACT. 25. Per   contra,   Shri   Dibender   Ghosh,   Advocate, appearing for the claimants has submitted that the appeal sans merit and the same may kindly be dismissed. He has 2026:HHC:14210 11 also submitted that the amount of compensation, awarded by the learned MACT, does not fall within the definition of ‘just compensation’, as such, the same may kindly be enhanced. 26. It   is   worthwhile   to   record   herein   that   in   the accident, in question, apart from the predecessor­in­interest of the claimants, a number of persons had also expired and their LRs had also filed the petitions for compensation. Those petitions were allowed by the learned MACT, by fastening the liability to pay the compensation on the State Government. 27. Those awards were assailed by the State, by way of FAO Nos.86 to 100, 632, 649 to 653, 676 and 677 of 2008. The   said   appeals   were   disposed   of,   by   this   Court,   vide common judgment dated 27.11.2013 and the State has been treated as owner of the vehicle, at the relevant time. Relevant paragraphs   28   to   31   of   the   judgment   are   reproduced   as under:­ “28. In view of overwhelming evidence adduced by the claimants, the only conclusion which can be drawn is that truck was hired by the HPPWD for the construction of Shaloo­Dhawas road. The truck was being driven under the instructions of Junior Engineer. He used to instruct the labourers to assemble at Gumma to facilitate their travelling from Gumma to the site of work. They were also being brought back to Gumma. Labourers were residents of villages near Gumma. The truck used to come from Gumma to the site of work in the 2026:HHC:14210 12 morning and used to go back to Gumma in the evening. The   labourers   were   residents   at   a distance of 25 KMs  from the work site. Junior Engineer had instructed the driver to carry the labourers in the morning and evening. It has also come in the evidence that labourers also used to load   and   unload   stones   also. The   truck   was under the control of personnel of the HPPWD. The HPPWD has rightly been treated as owner by the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal. 29. Their Lordships of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in  Zila Sahakari Kendrya Bank Maryadit v. Shahjadi Begum and others, 2006 ACJ 2845, where   jeep   of   bank   alongwith   its   driver   was requisitioned for election duty, have held that the requisitioning authority was the employer. Their Lordships have held as under: “11. However, the term "employee" has not been defined in the Act. The definition of employer,   therefore,   embraces   within   its fold   not   only   a   person   who   employs another   either   permanently   or   on temporary basis but also those who were in control of the workman temporarily lent or let on hire to them by the person with whom   the   workman   has   entered   into   a contract of service. It is, therefore, a broad definition. 12. Para   13   corrected   vide   Official Corrigendum No.F.3/Ed.B.J./7/2007 date 27­1­2007. Indisputably, the owner of the jeep was bound to comply with the order of requisition of a vehicle when the same is required to be placed on election duty. If the deceased was under the control of the Bank herein and in effect and substance under   the   control   of   Respondent   2,   the Commissioner of Workmen's Compensation   committed   jurisdictional error in directing the appellant to deposit the   amount   of   compensation. The   High Court, in that view of the matter, should have,   in   our   considered   view,   taken   a 2026:HHC:14210 13 liberal view in the matter and condoned the   delay   in   filing   the   appeal   as   also depositing   the   awarded   amount   in   the court. If   the   order   passed   by   the Commissioner of Workmen's Compensation was wholly without jurisdiction, the same was a nullity. It was a coram non judice. It has   been   found   as   of   fact   by   the Commissioner of Workmen's Compensation that the deceased was under the complete control of the requisitioning authority. He would, therefore, be the employer. As the jeep   was   requisitioned   under   a   statute, the Bank had no other option but to put the   same   under   the   services   of   the requisitioning   authority. In   terms   of requisition, the services of the deceased, thus,   were   also   placed. The   employer, thus,   would   be   the   requisitioning authority, namely, the State of M.P. 13. We, therefore, are of the opinion that the requisitioning authority is liable to pay the amount of compensation. Although the State   of   M.P.   is   not   a   party   before   us, keeping in view the fact that Respondent 2 was   its   employee   and   a   jeep   was requisitioned   under   the   authority   of   the District Election Officer, interest of justice would be subserved if the appellant herein is directed to be reimbursed in respect of the   amount   which   has   already   been deposited by him in terms of the order of the Commissioner of Workmen's Compensation. The amount deposited by the appellant shall be returned to it within eight weeks from today failing which the same shall carry interest at the rate of 6% per   annum   from   the   said   date   till   the actual payment.” 30. Their Lordships of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in National Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Deepa Devi and others, 2008 ACJ 705 have held that when the car was requisitioned by the Election Department save   and   except   for   legal   ownership,   for   all 2026:HHC:14210 14 intents   and   purport   the   registered   owner   loses entire control over the vehicle and the State alone is liable. Their Lordships have held as under: “8. The   1988   Act   was   enacted   to consolidate and amend the law relating to motor vehicles. It repeals and replaces the Motor   Vehicles   Act,   1939   (for   short   "the 1939 Act"). 9. "Owner" has been defined in Section 2(19) of the 1939 Act to mean: "In this   Act,   unless   the   context   otherwise requires, *** *** *** (19) "owner" means, where the person in possession of a motor vehicle is a minor, the guardian of such minor, and in relation to a motor vehicle which is the subject of a higher purchase agreement, the person in possession   of   the   vehicle   under   that agreement;" However, the said definition underwent a change by reason of Section 2(30) of the 1988 Act providing: " In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, *** *** *** (30)   "owner"   means   a   person   in   whose name a motor vehicle stands registered, and  where  such person is  a minor, the guardian of such minor, and in relation to a motor vehicle which is the subject of a hire­purchase, agreement, or an agreement   of   lease   or   an   agreement   of hypothecation, the person in possession of the vehicle under that agreement;" 10. Parliament either under the 1939 Act or   the   1988   Act   did   not   take   into consideration a situation of this nature. No doubt, Respondent Nos. 3 and 4 continued to be the registered owner of the vehicle despite   the   fact   that   the   same   was requisitioned by the District Magistrate in 2026:HHC:14210 15 exercise   of   its   power   conferred   upon   it under the Representation of People Act. A vehicle   is   requisitioned   by   a   statutory authority,   pursuant   to   the   provisions contained in a statute. The owner of the vehicle cannot refuse to abide by the order of requisition of the vehicle by the Deputy Commissioner. While the vehicle remains under   requisition,   the   owner   does   not exercise any control thereover. The driver may still be the employee of the owner of the vehicle but he has to drive it as per the direction of the officer of the State, who is put in­charge thereof. Save and except for legal ownership, for all intent and purport, the registered owner of the vehicle loses entire control thereover. He has no say as to whether the vehicle should be driven at a given point of time or not. He cannot ask the driver not to drive a vehicle on a bad road. He or the driver could not possibly say that the vehicle would not be driven in the night. The purpose of requisition is to use the vehicle. For the period the vehicle remains   under   the   control   of   the   State and/   or   its   officers,   the   owner   is   only entitled   to   payment   of   compensation therefor in terms of the Act but he cannot not exercise any control thereupon. In a situation of this nature, this Court must proceed   on   the   presumption   that   the Parliament   while   enacting   the   1988   Act did not envisage such a situation. If in a given   situation,   the   statutory   definitions contained in the 1988 Act cannot be given effect   to   in   letter   and   spirit,   the   same should   be   understood   from   the   common sense point of view. 15. In   Kailash   Nath   Kothari   (supra), however, this Court in a case, where a bus was given on lease by the owner of the vehicle Shri Sanjay Kumar in favour of the Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation, held that when an accident takes place when the bus was plied under 2026:HHC:14210 16 the control of the Corporation, it was the Corporation alone who would be liable for payment of compensation, stating: "Driver   of   the   bus,   even   though   an employee   of   the   owner,   was   at   the relevant time performing his duties under the order and command of the conductor of RSRTC for operation of the bus. So far as the passengers of the ill­fated bus are concerned,   their   privity   of   contract   was only with the RSRTC to whom they had paid the fare for travelling in that bus and their   safety   therefore   became   the responsibility   of   the   RSRTC   while travelling in the bus. They had no privity of contract with Shri Sanjay Kumar, the owner of the bus at all. Had it been a case only of transfer of services of the driver and not of transfer of control of the driver from the owner to RSRTC, the matter may have   been   somewhat   different. But   on facts   in   this   case   and   in   view   of Conditions 4 to 7 of the agreement (supra), the RSRTC must be held to be vicariously liable for the tort committed by the driver while plying the bus under contract of the RSRTC. The   general   proposition   of   law and   the   presumption   arising   therefrom that an employer, that is the person who has the right to hire and fire the employee, is generally responsible vicariously for the tort committed by the employee concerned during the course of his employment and within   the   scope   of   his   authority,   is   a rebuttable   presumption. If   the   original employer is able to establish that when the servant was lent, the effective control over him was also transferred to the hirer, the original owner can avoid his liability and the temporary employer or the hirer, as   the   case   may   be,   must   be   held vicariously liable for the tort committed by the employee concerned in the course of his employment while under the command and  control  of  the  hirer notwithstanding 2026:HHC:14210 17 the fact that the driver would continue to be on the payroll of the original owner. The proposition based on the general principle as noticed above is adequately rebutted in this   case   not   only   on   the   basis   of   the evidence led by the parties but also on the basis of Conditions 6 and 7 (supra), which go to show that the owner had not merely transferred the services of the driver to the RSRTC but actual control and the driver was to act under the instructions, control and command of the conductor and other officers of the RSRTC." We may also notice at this stage certain judgments of some High Courts. 16. In The National Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Durdadahya   Kumar   Samal   and   Others [1988 (2) T.A.C. 25] where the vehicle was requisitioned by the Collector for election duty, the High Court of Orissa held: "In   a   vehicle   requisitioned,   the   driver remains under the control of the Collector and by such driving the vehicle he can be accepted to have been employed by the Collector. Thus,   the   Collector   would   be vicariously liable for the act of the driver in the present case." [See also New India Assurance Co. Ltd. v. S. Ramulamma and others 1989 ACJ 596] 17. In   Chief   Officer,   Bhavnagar Municipality   and   another   v.   Bachubhai Arjanbhai and others [AIR 1996 Gujarat 51], the High Court of Gujarat held: "7. The facts on record clearly indicate that the vehicle in question which belonged to the State of Gujarat was entrusted to the Municipality for distribution of water to the citizens. It   was   implicit   in   allowing   the vehicle being used for such purpose that 2026:HHC:14210 18 the   State   of   Gujarat   which   owned   the vehicle also caused or allowed any driver of the Municipality who was engaged in the  work of  distribution  of  water to  the citizens,   to   use   motor   vehicle   for   the purpose. Therefore, when the vehicle was driven   by   the   driver   of   the   Municipality and   the   accident   resulted   due   to   his negligence,   the   insurer   of   the   vehicle became   liable   to   pay   the   compensation under   the   provisions   of   the   Act. It   is, therefore,   held   that   the   State,   as   the owner of the vehicle and the respondent Insurance   Company   as   its   insurer   were also   liable   to   pay   the   compensation awarded by the Tribunal." 18. We, therefore, are of the opinion that the State shall be liable to pay the amount of compensation to the claimants and not the   registered   owner   of   the   vehicle   and consequently the appellant herein. 31. Motor Accident  Claims  Tribunal  has  rightly held the appellant liable to pay the compensation. Motor Accident Claims Tribunal has also correctly assessed the income of the deceased in all the cases and applied the appropriate multiplier.” 28. Even otherwise, a specific stand has been taken by   the   owner,   in   preliminary   objection   No.2,   that   the offending vehicle was hired by Executive Engineer, HPPWD, through truck operators Union, Chopal. The State has taken a   stand   in   the   reply   before   the   learned   MACT   that   the offending vehicle was not hired by the State for transportation of the labourers, however, hiring of the offending vehicle has not been disputed. 2026:HHC:14210 19 29. RW­2,   Balbir   Singh,   Junior   Engineer,   when appeared in the witness­box, has deposed that the authorities of Sub­Division Nerwa, had hired the offending vehicle for transportation  of  stones for the  work w.e.f. 17.05.2004  to 21.05.2004. According to him, the vehicle was hired for being used from 9.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m.  He has also deposed that the labourers used to report at the work site at 9.00 a.m. and Department   has   not   made   any   arrangement   for transportation of the labour. However, in the opening lines of his cross­examination, he has admitted that no agreement in writing   was   executed   with   the   truck   union. He   has   also admitted that no such writing was executed that the truck was to remain with the Department from 9.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. only. This witness has deposed that deceased Money Ram was his Beldar and he was deputed at the work site. He has also admitted that the offending vehicle was being plied under their instructions. The tone and tenor of RW­2 clearly depicts that the offending vehicle was hired by them w.e.f. 17.05.2004 to 21.05.2004, the day, when, the accident had taken place. 30. Owner of the offending vehicle also appeared in the   witness­box   as   RW­1   and   deposed   that   the   offending 2026:HHC:14210 20 vehicle, at the relevant time, was with PWD, as, they had to transport the grit and stones, to the construction site and that the driver of the offending vehicle was driving the same under the directions of the PWD authorities. According to this witness, the place, where, the work was executed by the PWD authorities, is about 20 kilometers from truck Union. Till  the  time,  vehicle  remained  with  PWD  authorities,  this witness   had   no   control   over   the   same. He   has   further deposed that he has not authorized the driver to permit the passengers to board the same. He has feigned his ignorance about the instructions, if any, issued by the PWD authorities to the driver. 31. In   view   of   the   above   depositions   as   discussed above, as well as, in view of the decision rendered by this Court in FAO No.86 of 2008, titled as State of H.P. versus Fundi Devi & Others, along with its connected matters, there is   no   substance   in   the   submissions   made   by   learned Additional Advocate General that the State is not liable to pay the compensation, whereas, it is proved, in the case referred above,   that   the   offending   vehicle   was   under   the   exclusive control of the State, when the accident had taken place. As 2026:HHC:14210 21 such,   State   has   rightly   been   held   liable   to   pay   the compensation. 32. It is no longer  res integra  that  the provisions of M.V. Act are beneficial piece of legislation and the endeavour of the Court/Tribunal should be to provide ‘just compensation’ to the claimants, The proceedings, under the M.V. Act, are summary in nature, where, the liability of tort feasor is to be fixed, on the basis of preponderance of probabilities and strict rules of evidence are not applicable. 33. In case ‘just compensation’ is not awarded, this Court can enhance the awarded the amount, by exercising the powers under Order 41 Rule 33 of the CPC, even if, the claimants have not filed appeal/cross­objections. Moreover, there is no legal requirement for the claimants to specify a particular   amount   of   compensation   in   the   claim   petition. Hence, even in the absence of appeal/cross­objections, on behalf   of   the   claimants,   the   awarded   amount   can   be enhanced, by this Court. 34. Being guided by the settled proposition of law, this Court would now straightaway proceed to determine, as to whether   the   amount   of   compensation,   which   has   been 2026:HHC:14210 22 awarded to the claimants, falls within the definition of ‘just compensation’ or the same is liable to be enhanced. 35. As stated above, the learned MACT, in the present case has awarded a sum of Rs.9,48,500/­. Although, the claimants   have   not   filed   the   appeal,   but,   this   does   not preclude this Court to assess the fact whether the amount of compensation falls within the definition of just compensation or not. 36. As   per   the   claim   petition,   the   age   of   deceased Money Ram, at the time of accident/death, was 30 years, however,   in   the   postmortem   report,   his   age   has   been mentioned as 37 years. As per the date of birth certificate, Ex.PW­5/A, the date of birth of the deceased was 12.11.1965 and the accident had taken place on 21.05.2004. As such, the age of the deceased has rightly been held to be proved as 39 years. 37. In view of the law laid down by the Hon’ble Apex Court in Sarla Verma versus Delhi Transport Corporation and   Another,   (2009)   6   Supreme   Court   Cases   121,  the learned MACT has rightly applied the multiplier of 15, in the present case. 2026:HHC:14210 23 38. So far as the income of the deceased during his life time is concerned, as per the claimants, he was getting Rs.4890/­   as   salary   from   the   PWD   and   also   earning Rs.2,000/­ per month, from the agricultural pursuits. 39. Claimant No.1, Memo Devi, while appearing in the witness­box, has deposed that her husband was working with PWD   and   earning   Rs.5,000/­   per   month,   by   working   as Beldar. Apart   from   this,   he   was   earning   Rs.2,000/­   per month from agricultural pursuits. 40. As per the stand of the employer, i.e., respondent No.1, salary of Money Ram was Rs.4890/­ per month. His salary certificate has been proved as Ex.PW­3/A.   Learned MACT has taken the salary of Money Ram, during his life time as Rs.7612/­. This has been done by the learned MACT, on the basis of the fact that there is possibility that his salary would be double, at the time of retirement. 41. The   said   approach   of   learned   MACT   is   not sustainable in the eyes of law. His salary has proved to be Rs.4890/­ per month and it cannot be expected from a full time worker to earn from agricultural pursuits. However, in view of the decision of the Hon’ble Apex Court in  National Insurance Company Limited vs. Pranay Sethi and others, 2026:HHC:14210 24 (2017) 16 SCC 680, 50% increase is liable to be given in the income of Money Ram, on account of his future prospects, as he was working in public sector. Thus, by adding 50%, on account   of   future   prospects,   in   his   earnings,   his   monthly income comes to Rs.7,335/­ (Rs.4,890/­ + Rs.2,445/­). 42. Out of the said amount, ¼th amount is liable to be deducted, towards his personal expenses, had he been alive. Thus,   his   contribution   towards   the   family   comes   to Rs.5501/­, per month. As such, the amount of compensation awarded to the claimants on account of loss of dependency, comes to Rs.5501/­ x 12 = Rs.66,012/­ per annum. 43. In view of the decision of Hon’ble Supreme Court in Pranay Sethi’s, the claimants are also held entitled to the compensation under the conventional heads, namely, loss of estate,  loss   of  consortium  and   funeral  expenses,   which   is liable to be enhanced at the rate of 10%, in every three years. The   judgment   in  Pranay   Sethi’s   case   was   passed   on 31.10.2017,   whereas,   the   learned   MACT   has   given   lesser amount under the head loss of estate, funeral charges, as well as, consortium. 44. The   learned   MACT   has   given   a   sum   of Rs.10,000/­, as transportation charges, which is not liable to 2026:HHC:14210 25 be paid to the claimants, in view of the dictum of the Hon’ble Supreme Court, in Pranay Sethi’s case. 45. So far as the consortium is concerned, the learned MACT has given only to petitioner No.1, whereas, in view of the decision of the Hon’ble Apex Court in  Magma General Insurance   Company   Limited  vs.  Nanu   Ram   @   Chuhru Ram and others, (2018) 18 SCC 130, all the claimants are also entitled to the compensation, under the head ‘loss of consortium’. 46. Consequently, the entitlement of all the claimants is liable to be reassessed, by this Court, which is as under:­ 1. Loss of contribution =  Rs.9,90,180/­(`66,012/­x15) 2.Loss of estate = `19,500/­ (`15,000/­ + `4500/­) 3.Funeral expenses= `19,500/­ (`15,000/­ + `4500/­) 4.Loss of consortium=`2,60,000/­(`40,000x5+ `60,000/­) Total= Rs.9,90,180+19,500+19,500+ Rs.2,60,000=Rs.12,89,180/­ 47. In view of the above, the compensation awarded by the learned MACT is liable to be enhanced. 48. Consequently,   the   present   appeal   is   dismissed, however,   the   awarded   amount   is   enhanced,   in   the   above terms. The claimants are held entitled for the amount of Rs.12,89,180/­, along with interest @ 7.5%, from the date of filing   of   petition   till   the   realization   of   amount,   from 2026:HHC:14210 26 respondent No.1. The award is inclusive of the amount, if any,   awarded   under   Section   140   of   the   Act. The   award passed by the learned MACT is modified in the above terms. 49. Memo of costs be prepared. 50. Pending application(s), if any, are also disposed of. Record be sent back. (Virender Singh) April 30, 2026 (ps) Judge