[2026:RJ-JP:12681] HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN BENCH AT JAIPUR S.B. Civil Miscellaneous Appeal No. 2503/2020 1. Smt. Meva Devi W/o Late Shri Hari Ram, Aged About 42 Years, Resident Of Ward No. 1, Kaporiya Ki Dhani, Rampura, Tehsil-Shahpura, District Jaipur (Raj.) 2. Rekha D/o Late Shri Hari Ram, Aged About 23 Years, Resident Of Ward No. 1, Kaporiya Ki Dhani, Rampura, Tehsil-Shahpura, District Jaipur (Raj.) 3. Santosh Kumar S/o Late Shri Hari Ram, Aged About 21 Years, Resident Of Ward No. 1, Kaporiya Ki Dhani, Rampura, Tehsil-Shahpura, District Jaipur (Raj.) 4. Pooja D/o Late Shri Hari Ram, Aged About 19 Years, Resident Of Ward No. 1, Kaporiya Ki Dhani, Rampura, Tehsil-Shahpura, District Jaipur (Raj.) 5. Kum. Reena D/o Late Shri Hari Ram, Aged About 16 Years, Minor Through Her Natural Guardian And Mother Smt. Meva Devi W/o Late Hari Ram, Aged 42 Years, Resident Of Ward No. 1, Kaporiya Ki Dhani, Rampura, Tehsil-Shahpura, District Jaipur (Raj.) 6. Smt. Gendi Devi Alias Godi Devi W/o Late Shri Shimbhu Dayal, Aged About 79 Years, Resident Of Ward No. 1, Kaporiya Ki Dhani, Rampura, Tehsil-Shahpura, District Jaipur (Raj.) ----Appellants Versus 1. Ganga Sahay S/o Shri Laxmi Narayan, Resident Of Village Dhani, Dawasawali, Temiya Ward No. 23, Shahpura, District Jaipur (Raj.) 2. The Iffco Tokio General Insurance Company Limited, Having Its Office At Khati Pura Crossing, Sirsi Road, Jaipur (Raj.) Through Manager. ----Respondents [2026:RJ-JP:12681] (2 of 8) [CMA-2503/2020] For Appellant(s) : Mr. Sandeep Mathur, Adv. Mr. Kapil Sharma, Adv. For Respondent(s) : None Present. HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE UMA SHANKER VYAS Judgment / Order 25/03/2026 1. vihykFkhZx.k&nkosnkjku dh vksj ls ;g vihy fo}ku U;k;ky;] vk;qDr deZpkjh {kfriwfrZ vf/kfu;e] 1923 t;iqj }kjk izdj.k la[;k&E.C.C.F. 591/2018 esa ikfjr vokMZ o fu.kZ; fnukad 09-07-2020 ls O;fFkr gksdj izLrqr dh] ftlds ek/;e ls nkosnkjksa dks dqy 7]73]560@&:i;s izfrdj 12 izfr'kr okf"kZd C;kt lfgr fnyk;k x;k gSA 2- fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ dh cgl lquh] vfHkys[k dk voyksdu fd;k x;kA 3- fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ dk fuosnu gS fd izfrdj jkf'k o C;kt ds laca/k esa dksbZ fookn ugha gS] 'kkLrh dh jkf'k ds laca/k esa os viuh vihy dks lhfer j[krs gSaA mudk ;g Hkh fuosnu gS fd deZdkj {kfriwfrZ vf/kfu;e] 1923 ¼vkxs ^^vf/kfu;e&1923** dgk tkosxk½ dh /kkjk 4, ds rgr fu;kstd dks vius nkf;Ro dh jkf'k rhl fnol esa tek djkuk visf{kr gS] ;fn rhl fnol esa ;g jkf'k tek ugha djkbZ tkrh gS vkSj foyEc ds dksbZ mfpr vk/kkj ugha gS rks 'kkLrh dh jkf'k fu;kstd ij vf/kjksfir fd;k tkuk vko';d gS tcfd bl laca/k esa fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk dksbZ fopkj ugha fd;k x;k gS] vr% bl lhek rd vihyk/khu fu.kZ; fof/klEer ugha gksuk crkrs gq, 'kkLrh dh jkf'k fnyk;s tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA 4- izR;FkhZ i{k uksfVl rkehy ds ckotwn mifLFkr ugha gSA [2026:RJ-JP:12681] (3 of 8) [CMA-2503/2020] 5- ^^vf/kfu;e&1923** dh /kkjk 4, dk lqlaxr Hkkx fuEukuqlkj gS%& 5[4A. Compensation to be paid when due and penalty for default.— (1) Compensation under section 4 shall be paid as soon as it falls due. (2) In cases where the employer does not accept the liability for compensation to the extent claimed, he shall be bound to make provisional payment based on the extent of liability which he accepts, and, such payment shall be deposited with the Commissioner or made to the 2[employee], as the case may be, without prejudice to the right of the 2[employee] to make any further claim. 6[(3) Where any employer is in default in paying the compensation due under this Act within one month from the date it fell due, the Commissioner shall— (a) direct that the employer shall, in addition to the amount of the arrears, pay simple interest thereon at the rate of twelve per cent. per annum or at such higher, rate not exceeding the maximum of the lending rates of any scheduled bank as may be specified by the Central Government by notification in the Official Gazette, on the amount due; and (b) if, in his opinion, there is no justification for the delay, direct that the employer shall, in addition to the amount of the arrears and interest thereon, pay a further sum not exceeding fifty per cent. of such amount by way of penalty: Provided that an order for the payment of penalty shall not be passed under clause (b) without giving a reasonable opportunity to the employer to show cause why it should not be passed........ 6- mijksDr izko/kkuksa ds voyksdu ls Li"V gS fd ;fn fu;kstd }kjk rhl fnol esa vius nkf;Ro dh izfrdj jkf'k dh vnk;xh ugha dh xbZ gS] rks ,slh fLFkfr esa C;kt ds laca/k esa vkKkid izko/kku gS ysfdu 'kkLrh ds laca/k esa foosdkRed 'kfDr;ka l{ke izkf/kdkjh dks nh xbZ gS rFkk ;g izko/kku fd;k x;k gS fd ;fn U;k;ky; ;g ikrk gS fd rhl fnol dh vof/k esa izfrdj jkf'k vnk ugha fd;s tkus ds laca/k esa dksbZ larks"ktud dkj.k ugha [2026:RJ-JP:12681] (4 of 8) [CMA-2503/2020] gS rks ,slh fLFkfr esa 'kkLrh dh jkf'k vf/kjksfir D;ksa ugha dh tkos] bl laca/k esa fu;ksDrk dks lquokbZ dk volj nsdj 'kkLrh vf/kjksfir dh tk ldrh gS] vr% Li"V gS fd 'kkLrh ds laca/k esa izko/kku vkKkid ugha gksdj foosdkRed gSA 7- fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZx.k&nkosnkjku dh vksj ls U;kf;d fu.kZ; Sheela Devi & Anr. Vs. Oriental Insurance Company Limited & Anr. Vs. Oriental Insurance Company Limited & Anr. 2025 INSC 516 izLrqr fd;k] ftldk llEeku voyksdu fd;k x;kA mijksDr ekeys esa ^^vf/kfu;e&1923** ds rgr vk;qDr }kjk izfrdj jkf'k ij 30 izfr'kr 'kkLrh vf/kjksfir dh xbZ Fkh] ftls mPp U;k;ky; }kjk ?kVkrs gq, dqy 30]000@&:i;s 'kkLrh vf/kjksfir dh xbZ] ftls ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; esa pqukSrh nh xbZA ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd mPp U;k;ky; }kjk 'kkLrh dh jkf'k dks ?kVkus dk dksbZ vkSfpR;iw.kZ vk/kkj ugha Fkk vkSj bl lhek rd mPp U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr vkns'k dks vikLr fd;k x;kA orZeku ekeys esa 'kkLrh vf/kjksfir gh ugha dh xbZ gS] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa rF;ksa esa fHkUurk ds dkj.k ls mijksDr U;kf;d fu.kZ; vihykFkhZ dks ykHk igqapkus dh fLFkfr esa ugha gSA 8- vU; U;kf;d fu.kZ; Ved Prakash Garg Vs. Premi Devi and Ors. (1997) 8 SCC 1 esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk ^^vf/kfu;e&1923** ds lanHkZ esa ;g O;oLFkk izfrikfnr dh gS fd izfrdj jkf'k] C;kt rFkk 'kkLrh rhuksa vyx&vyx gSa rFkk ;fn fu;kstd }kjk chek doj izkIr dj j[kk gS rks chek daiuh izfrdj jkf'k ,oa C;kt ds fy, nkf;Rok/khu gS] 'kkLrh dh jkf'k izfrdj ls vyx gS vkSj mlds fy, chek daiuh nkf;Rok/khu ugha gksdj ek= fu;kstd gh nkf;Rok/khu gksxkA 9- vihy ds laca/k esa ^^vf/kfu;e&1923** dh /kkjk 30 ds izko/kku lqlaxr gSa] tks fuEukuqlkj gS%& [2026:RJ-JP:12681] (5 of 8) [CMA-2503/2020] 30. Appeals.—(1) An appeal shall lie to the High Court from the following orders of a Commissioner, namely:— (a) an order awarding as compensation a lump sum whether by way of redemption of a halfmonthly payment or otherwise or disallowing a claim in full or in part for a lump sum; 1[(aa) an order awarding interest or penalty under section 4A;] (b) an order refusing to allow redemption of a half- monthly payment; (c) an order providing for the distribution of compensation among the dependants of a deceased 2[employee], or disallowing any claim of a person alleging himself to be such dependant; (d) an order allowing or disallowing any claim for the amount of an indemnity under the provisions of sub-section (2) of section 12; or (e) an order refusing to register a memorandum of agreement or registering the same or providing for the registration of the same subject to conditions: Provided that no appeal shall lie against any order unless a substantial question of law is involved in the appeal and, in the case of an order other than an order such as is referred to in clause (b), unless the amount in dispute in the appeal is not less than 3[ten thousand rupees or such higher amount as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify]: Provided, further, that no appeal shall lie in any case in which the parties have agreed to abide by the decision of the Commissioner, or in which the order of the Commissioner gives effect to an agreement come to by the parties: 4[Provided further that no appeal by an employer under clause (a) shall lie unless the memorandum of appeal is accompanied by a certificate by the Commissioner to the effect that the appellant has deposited with him the amount payable under the order appealed against.] (2) The period of limitation for an appeal under this section shall be sixty days. (3) The provisions of section 5 of 3 5[the Indian Limitation Act, 1963 (36 of 1963)] shall be applicable to appeals under this section. [2026:RJ-JP:12681] (6 of 8) [CMA-2503/2020] 10- ^^vf/kfu;e&1923** dh /kkjk 30 ds izko/kkuksa ds voyksdu ls Li"V gS fd /kkjk 30¼1½¼a½ ls ¼1½¼e½ esa of.kZr vk/kkjksa ij gh vihy dh tk ldrh gS] vU;Fkk vihy iks"k.kh; ugha gS] ijarqd ds vuqlkj ;g O;oLFkk dh xbZ gS fd /kkjk 30¼1½¼a½ ls ¼1½¼a½ esa of.kZr vk/kkjksa ij ;fn vihy dh tkrh gS vkSj mlesa fof/k dk dksbZ lkjoku iz'u varoZfyr ugha gS] rks ,slh fLFkfr esa vihy iks"k.kh; ugha gksxhA /kkjk 30¼1½¼aa½ esa ;g izko/kku fd;k x;k gS fd ;fn 'kkLrh dh jkf'k vf/kjksfir dh tkrh gS rks mlds fo:) vihy gks ldrh gSA 'kkLrh dh jkf'k vf/kjksfir ugha fd;s tkus ds vkns'k ds fo:) vihy iks"k.kh; gks] ,slh fLFkfr izdV ugha gksrh gSA tSlk fd Åij foospu fd;k x;k gS fd izfrdj jkf'k ls 'kkLrh dh jkf'k fHkUu gS] nksuksa en i`Fkd&i`Fkd gSaA 11- ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk North East Karnataka Road Transport Corporation Vs. Smt. Sujatha (2019) 11 SCC 514 ds ekeys esa ^^vf/kfu;e&1923** dh /kkjk 30 ds izko/kkuksa ij fopkj djus ds mijkar ;g O;oLFkk nh gS fd tc rd fof/k dk lkjoku iz'u varoZfyr ugha gks] rc rd vihy iks"k.kh; ugha gksxhA bl fu.kZ; ds iSjk la[;k&9] 10] 11 o 12 lqlaxr gS] tks fuEukuqlkj gSa%& 9. At the outset, we may take note of the fact, being a settled principle, that the question as to whether the employee met with an accident, whether the accident occurred during the course of employment, whether it arose out of an employment, how and in what manner the accident occurred, who was negligent in causing the accident, whether there existed any relationship of employee and employer, what was the age and monthly salary of the employee, how many are the dependents of the deceased employee, the extent of disability caused to the employee due to injuries suffered in an accident, whether there was any insurance coverage obtained by the employer to cover the incident etc. are some of the material issues which arise for the just decision of the Commissioner in a claim petition when an employee [2026:RJ-JP:12681] (7 of 8) [CMA-2503/2020] suffers any bodily injury or dies during the course of his employment and he/his LRs sue/s his employer to claim compensation under the Act. 10. The afore-mentioned questions are essentially the questions of fact and, therefore, they are required to be proved with the aid of evidence. Once they are proved either way, the findings recorded thereon are regarded as the findings of fact. 11. The appeal provided under Section 30 of the Act to the High Court against the order of the Commissioner lie only against the specific orders set out in clause (a) to (e) of Section 30 of the Act with a further rider contained in first proviso to the Section that the appeal must involve substantial question of law. 12. In other words, the appeal provided under Section 30 of the Act to the High Court against the order of the Commissioner is not like a Regular First Appeal akin to Section 96 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 which can be heard both on facts and law. The appellate jurisdiction of the High Court to decide the appeal is confined only to examine the substantial questions of law arising in the case. 12- ^^vf/kfu;e&1923** dh /kkjk 30 esa of.kZr vk/kkjksa ij gh vihy dh tk ldrh gSA /kkjk 30 esa vf/kfu;e la[;k&8 o"kZ 1959 ds ek/;e ls /kkjk 30¼1½¼aa½ tksM+rs gq, la'kks/ku ds ek/;e ls ;g izko/kku fd;k x;k gS fd 'kkLrh dh jde vf/kjksfir fd;s tkus ds vkns'k ds fo:) vihy gks ldrh gS] ;fn fo/kkf;dk dk ;g vk'k; jgk gksrk fd 'kkLrh vf/kjksfir ugha fd;s tkus ds vkns'k ds fo:) Hkh vihy gks ldrh gS] rks ,slk la'kks/ku fd;k tk ldrk FkkA blds vykok ekeys esa fof/k dk dksbZ lkjoku iz'u Hkh varoZfyr ugha gS] ,slh fLFkfr esa ;g vihy iks"k.kh; ugha gksus ls [kkfjt gksus rFkk vihyk/khu fu.kZ; iq"V gksus ;ksX; gSA 13- ifj.kker% vihykFkhZx.k&nkosnkjku dh vksj ls izLrqr ;g vihy [kkfjt dh tkrh gS rFkk vihyk/khu vokMZ o fu.kZ; fnukad 09-07-2020 dh iqf"V dh tkrh gSA LFkxu vkosnu o vU; vkosnu] ;fn dksbZ yafcr gksa] rks os Hkh mDrkuqlkj fuLrkfjr fd;s tkrs gSaA [2026:RJ-JP:12681] (8 of 8) [CMA-2503/2020] 14- fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; dk vfHkys[k] ;fn izkIr gks j[kk gS] rks vkns'k dh izfr ds lkFk izsf"kr fd;k tkosA (UMA SHANKER VYAS),J DINESH KUMAWAT /35