CRM-A-23-2023(O&M) -1- IN THE PUNJAB AND HARYANA HIGH COURT AT CHANDIGARH 237 CRM-A-23-2023(O&M) Date of Decision: 28.08.2025 Satish Kumar ... Applicant VERSUS Surender Singh ... Respondent CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE VINOD S. BHARDWAJ. Present: Ms. Nirmla Jangra, Advocate and Mr. Yashvir Singh, Advocate and Mr. Himanshu Bansal, Advocate for the applicant. **** VINOD S. BHARDWAJ, J. (ORAL) The present application has been preferred under Section 378(4) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (hereinafter ‘CR.P.C.’) seeking grant of leave to appeal against the judgment of acquittal dated 10.11.2022 passed by the learned Judicial Magistrate 1st Class, Samalkha in a case stemming from complaint No.NACT/130/2016 filed under Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. 2. Learned counsel for the applicant submits that the present application has been filed against the judgment of acquittal dated dated 10.11.2022 passed by the learned Judicial Magistrate 1st Class, Samalkha in complaint No.NACT/130/2016 filed under Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. She fairly submits that in view of the judgment of the Hon’ble Supreme Court passed in M/s. Celestium Financial vs. A. Monika Verma 2025.09.02 09:39 I attest to the accuracy and authenticity of this order/judgment chandigarh CRM-A-23-2023(O&M) -2- Gnanasekaran Etc., 2025(3) RCR (Criminal) 208, the applicant would have a remedy before the Court of Sessions. 3. The complaint (supra) was filed on the ground of dishonour of cheque of Rs.4,00,000/-. After assessing all the material available on the record, the learned trial Court acquitted the respondent(s) vide judgment dated 10.11.2022. 4. The Hon’ble Supreme Court in M/s. Celestium Financial vs. A. Gnanasekaran Etc., 2025(3) RCR (Criminal) 208, after considerable discussion and comparative interpretation of Sections 372 and 378(4) of Cr.P.C., concluded that the victim has a right to file an appeal under Section 372 of Cr.P.C. before the Court of Sessions. Speaking through Justice B.V. Nagarathna, the following was held: “7.12 The reasons for the above distinction are not far to see and can be elaborated as follows: Firstly, the victim of a crime must have an absolute right to prefer an appeal which cannot be circumscribed by any condition precedent. In the instant case, a victim under Section 138 of the Act, i.e., a payee or the holder of a cheque is a person who has suffered the impact of the offence committed by a person who is charged of the offence, namely, the accused, whose cheque has been dishonoured. Secondly, the right of a victim of a crime must be placed on par with the right of an accused who has suffered a conviction, who, as a matter of right can prefer an appeal under Section 374 of the Cr.P.C. A person convicted of a crime has the right to prefer an appeal under Section 374 as a matter of right and not being subjected to any conditions. Similarly, a victim of a crime, whatever be the nature of the Monika Verma 2025.09.02 09:39 I attest to the accuracy and authenticity of this order/judgment chandigarh CRM-A-23-2023(O&M) -3- crime, unconditionally must have a right to prefer an appeal. Thirdly, it is for this reason that the Parliament thought it fit to insert the proviso to sub-section 372 without mandating any condition precedent to be fulfilled by the victim of an offence, which expression also includes the legal representatives of a deceased victim who can prefer an appeal. On the contrary, as against an order of acquittal, the State, through the Public Prosecutor can prefer an appeal even if the complainant does not prefer such an appeal, though of course such an appeal is with the leave of the court. However, it is not always necessary for the State or a complainant to prefer an appeal. But when it comes to a victim’s right to prefer an appeal, the insistence on seeking special leave to appeal from the High Court under Section 378(4) of the Cr.P.C. would be contrary to what has been intended by the Parliament by insertion of the proviso to Section 372 of the Cr.P.C. Fourthly, the Parliament has not amended Section 378 to circumscribe the victim’s right to prefer an appeal just as it has with regard to a complainant or the State filing an appeal. On the other hand, the Parliament has inserted the proviso to Section 372 so as to envisage a superior right for the victim of an offence to prefer an appeal on the grounds mentioned therein as compared to a complainant. Fifthly, the involvement of the State in respect of an offence under Section 138 of the Act is conspicuous by its absence. This is because the complaint filed under that provision is in the nature of a private complaint as per Section 200 of the Cr.P.C. and Section 143 of the Act by an express intention incorporates the provisions of the Cr.P.C. in the matter of trial of such a deemed offence tried as a criminal offence. Monika Verma 2025.09.02 09:39 I attest to the accuracy and authenticity of this order/judgment chandigarh CRM-A-23-2023(O&M) -4- Therefore, the complainant, who is the victim of a dishonour of cheque must be construed to be victim in terms of the proviso to Section 372 read with the definition of victim under Section 2(wa) of the Cr.P.C.” 5. Therefore, in view of the judgment rendered by the Apex Court in Celestium Financial (supra), the present application seeking leave to appeal is remanded to the learned Sessions Judge, Panipat, with a direction to treat the same as an appeal filed under Section 372 of the Cr.P.C. and entrust the same to appropriate Court for its disposal on merits. 6. The Registry is directed to send the complete paper-book and the record of the case to the learned Sessions Judge, Panipat forthwith. 7. Disposed of accordingly. Pending miscellaneous applications, if any, also stand disposed of. (VINOD S. BHARDWAJ) AUGUST 28 2025. JUDGE monika Whether speaking/reasoned : Yes/No Whether reportable : Yes/No Monika Verma 2025.09.02 09:39 I attest to the accuracy and authenticity of this order/judgment chandigarh