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()#$H1=405;?A1>5;941E5 6<<5< 41@6:<9 =242:5 7:1975A49 6?< ;4 @69 ?14 <1?5 1 6891 405 ?92:6?A5 1>76?B @69 6E918F5< =:1> ;49 8;6E;8;4B 6?< 69 ;4 ;9 6 A695 1= ?1 <:;F;?3 8;A5?A5 405B :5I25945< =1: 1:<5: 1= 76B 6?< :5A1F5:B 6?< 6891 =1: 5?06?A5>5?41=A1>75?964;1? $ 56:?5<A12?958=1::5971?<5?41%"?92:6?A5 1>76?B A1?45?<5< 4064 405 :;E2?68 069 :;3048B A1?9;<5:5<405?14;1?68;?A1>56?<1405::585F6?4=6A41:9 2 (2017) 16 SCC 680 - 9 - 6?< :;3048B 3:6?45< D294 A1>75?964;1? 6?< ;4 ?55<9 ?1 ;?45:=5:5?A5 56:<4056:32>5?491=E1409;<59 % 012304056775886?4994645<4064405<5A5695< @69 <1;?3 63:;A2842:5 @1:C 6?< 56:?;?3 9%$$$$ " 75: >1?40 405B 06F5 ?14 7:1<2A5< 6?B ;?A1>5 7:11= 05:5=1:5 69 75: 405 32;<58;?59 1= 405 6:?646C6 4645 5368 5:F;A59 2401:;4B 69 405 6AA;<5?4 ;9 1= 405 B56: %$ * ?14;1?68 ;?A1>5 1= 405 <5A5695< ;9 41 E5 46C5? 64 9 $%($ "05<5A5695<@69635<$B56:9405:5=1:5 405>284;78;5:@69:;3048B46C5?69G *,975:405A;464;1? 1=4051?,E8575J12:4;?:6?6B540;,9A69527:6 #$H 1= 405 ;?A1>5 069 41 E5 6<<5< 41@6:<9 =242:5 7:1975A49 05 :;E2?68 069 <5<2A5< #40 1= 405 ;?A1>5 41@6:<975:91?685J75?9591=405<5A5695<6?<40596>5 ;9D2946?<7:175:02940581991=<575?<5?AB@128<E5 9 $%($L#$HJ %J *J #M9% +((($ " - 10 - &2:405: 69 75: 405 32;<58;?59 1= 405 1?,E85 75J12:4;?405<;A42>1=*!+%&' !("! ,!%,!- .! 6?< / & &' !( "! ) 0 )1 ! 6775886?4 1 "@;=5 ;9 5?4;485< =1: 9#$$$ " 41@6:<9 9712968 A1?91:4;2> 6775886?4 19% 41 # 6:5 5?4;485<=1:9#$$$ "56A041@6:<976:5?468A1?91:4;2> 6?< 6775886?4 1(">1405: ;9 5?4;485< =1: 9#$$$ " 41@6:<9=;8;68A1?91:4;2> # 05B 6:5 6891 5?4;485< =1: 6? 6>12?4 1= 9.$$$ " 2?<5: 405 A1?F5?4;1?68 056<9 ;5 8199 1= 5946456?<=2?5:685J75?9596975:405A;464;1?;?( )29A6952:76 ( 5?A5 405 A1>75?964;1? ;9 :56995995< 69 2?<5: 3 (2018) 18 SCC 130 4 (2020) 9 SCC 644 - 11 - 1991=<575?<5?AB 9% +((($ " 1991=A1?91:4;2> 9%#$$$$ " 1?F5?4;1?68056<9 9.$$$ " ,-. / +! !( 029 405 6775886?49 6:5 5?4;485< =1: 41468 A1>75?964;1? 1= 9%#* (($ " @;40 ;?45:594 64 .H 76 =:1>405<6451=754;4;1?4;88:568;K64;1? . &2:405:69;4;96A6951=?1<:;F;?38;A5?A540;9 12:4=;?<9;4:5691?6E8541:58B271?405D2<3>5?41=405 1?,E8575J12:4;?,9A69527:6 6?<1:<5:=1:76B6?<:5A1F5:B41405?92:6?A51>76?B 05:5=1:5 :5971?<5?4 1% " ?92:6?A5 1>76?B ;9 <;:5A45< 41 <5719;4 405 41468 A1>75?964;1? 1= 9%#* (($ " @;40 ;?45:594 64 .H 76 @;40 8;E5:4B 41 :5A1F5: 405 96>5 =:1> :5971?<5?4 1 "1@?5: 1= 405 F50;A85 * ?405:59284405=1881@;?31:<5:;976995< ; 14040567756896:56881@5<;?76:4 - 12 - ;; 05 6775886?4 ;? & 1%$$(+$ %$%% ;9 5?4;485< =1: 405 41468 A1>75?964;1? 1= 9 ($*$ " @;40 ;?45:59464.H75:6??2>=:1>405<6451=754;4;1?4;88405 <6451=:568;964;1? ;;; 05 6775886?49 ;? & 1%$$*# %$%% 6:5 5?4;485<=1:40541468A1>75?964;1?1=9%#* (($ "@;40 ;?45:59464.H75:6??2>=:1>405<6451=754;4;1?4;88405 <6451=:568;964;1? ;F 5971?<5?4 1%"?92:6?A5 1>76?B ;9 <;:5A45<41<5719;44056=1:596;<A1>75?964;1?6>12?4;? 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