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High Court of Karnataka · body
2025 DAILYLAW 81931 (KAR)
The Oriental Insurance Co. Ltd. v. RAMACHANDRAIAH
MFA/8645/2022 · 2025-07-25
T M Nadaf
body2025
[ 2025 DAILYLAW 81931 (KAR) · dailylaw.ai ]
[ 2025 DAILYLAW 81931 (KAR) · dailylaw.ai ]
Judgment text
Extracted from the PDF above. The PDF is authoritative.
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Digitally signed by BASALINGAPPA SHIVARAJ DHUTTARGAON Location: HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA
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./0122314/0567.3122344187980:;18<3<=>2186 <144/8? /8 @:307/=8 7.3 A:B?>387 18B 1C1;B B173B %%% /8
=%*%#%% 21003B 56 7.3 =7=; 3./<430 <</B387 41/>0 ;/5:814 38?14:;: /76 '"D=;0.=;7E7.3;/5:814+" % .3 B173 =D 1<</B387 /8F=4F3>387 =D F3./<43 /8A:;/300:DD3;3B567.3<41/>1871;38=7/8B/02:73.3 =846B/02:73/87./0122314/0;3?1;B/8?7.34/15/4/76/37.3 83?4/?38<3 =8 7.3 21;7 =D 7.3 ;302=8B387 =<41/>187 18B@:187:>=D<=>238017/=8
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( .3 21;7/30 0.144 53 ;3D3;;3B 7= 10 23; 7.3/; ;18G/8?53D=;37.3;/5:814D=;3106;3D3;38<3
31;B ;/
3?B3 :4G.18B 431;83B <=:8034 D=; 7.3 122344187 9 80:;18<3 <=>2186 18B ;/!1B.:431;83B<=:8034D=;7.3;302=8B387=9 <41/>18718B23;:03B7.3;3<=;B0
;/ 3?B3 :4G.18B 0:5>/773B 7.17 7.3 ;/5:814 .10 D1/43B 7= <=80/B3; 7.3 D1<7 =D 83?4/?38<3 =8 7.321;7=D7.3<41/>18718B3;;3B/8D10738/8?=D4/15/4/76 =8 7.3 80:;18<3<=>2186 =8 7.3<=:87 7.17 7.3 <.3@:3 /00:3B7=C1;B02;3>/:>=D2=4/<6C10B/0.=8=;3B8F/3C =D B/0.=8=; =D <.3@:3 7=C1;B0 2=4/<6 2;3>/:> 7.3 /80:;18<32=4/<653<=>30 18B7.3/80:;18<3 <=>2186 /0 8=7 4/1543 7= 216 7.3 <=>238017/=8 ;/ :4G.18B <=8738B0 7.17 7.3 /80:;18<3 2=4/<6 <=F3;3B 7.3 ;/0G =D 7.301/B ==B03>2=531;/8?3?=! %((% D=; 7.3 23;/=B 071;7/8? D;=> %%& 7= &%%18B7.31<</B387.1B=<<:;;3B=8%%& .3 4/15/4/76 =D 7.3 122344187 C10 0:5A3<7 7= 73;>0 18B
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<=8B/7/=8018B4/>/717/=8=D2=4/<6/00:3B7/0<=8738B3B 7.17 7.3;3 1;3 023</D/< 73;>0 18B <=8B/7/=80 /8 7.3 2=4/<6 /00:3B18B=83=D0:<.<=8B/7/=80C./<.>18B17307.17/8 <103 =D B/0.=8=; =D <.3@:3 D=; 2;3>/:> 1>=:87 7.3 1223441870.1448=7534/1543:8B3;7.32=4/<618B7.32=4/<6 0.14453 D;=>7.3B173=D/8<327/=8"3.10 D:;7.3;<=8738B3B7.177.3=C83;=D7.3=DD38B/8?F3./<43 /00:3B 7.3 <.3@:3 =8 '%& 7=C1;B0 7.3 /80:;18<3 2;3>/:> 7= <=F3; 7.3 ;/0G =D 7.3 01/B 3>2= 7.3 01/B <.3@:3;37:;83BC/7.1838B=;03>387%%&0717/8? 7.17D:8B0/80:DD/</3878;3<3/27=D7.3518G>3>=7.3 122344187 ?=7 <18<3443B 7.3 /80:;18<3 2=4/<6 /00:3B <=F3;/8?7.3;/0G=D7.301/B==B03>2=531;/8?=! %((%D=;7.323;/=BD;=>%%&7=&%% /8F/3C=D023</D/<73;>018B<=8B/7/=80=D7.32=4/<6/00:3B D;=> 7.3B173=D /00:/8? =D 7.3 /80:;18<32=4/<6 /3 D;=> %%& =8 7.3 <=:87 7.17 7.3 /80:;18<3 2=4/<6 53<=>30
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3 D:;7.3; <=8738B0 7.17 7.3 122344187 9 80:;18<3 <=>2186 /8 =;B3; 7= 2;=F3 /70 <=87387/=80 53D=;3 7.3 ;/5:814 3H1>/83B /70 =DD/<3; 10 $ 18B 2;=B:<3B*B=<:>3870C./<.1;3>1;G3B10H07=* .3;/5:814.10D1/43B7=<=80/B3;7.17/8F/3C=DB/0.=8=;
=D <.3@:3 7.3 /80:;18<3 2=4/<6 53<=>30 473;817/F346.30:5>/707.17/8F/3C=D7.341C41/BB=C8 56 7.3 23H
=:;7 /8 7.3 <103 =D
71G/8?/87=<=80/B3;17/=8=D 7.3D1<77.177.3/8A:;3B53/8?7./;B21;767.312234418753 ?/F384/53;767=;3<=F3;7.3<=>238017/=8D;=>7.3=C83;
=D 7.3 =DD38B/8? F3./<43 D=; F/=417/=8 =D 2=4/<6 <=8B/7/=80 <<=;B/8?46 .3 0=:?.7 7= 144=C 7.3 122314 18B 037 10/B3 7.3 A:B?>387 18B 1C1;B 21003B 56 7.3 ;/5:814 18B 3H=83;173 7.3 122344187 9 80:;18<3 <=>2186 D;=> 7.3 4/15/4/76 7= 216 7.3 <=>238017/=8 =; /8 7.3 1473;817/F3 7= ?;1874/53;767=;3<=F3;7.3<=>238017/=8D;=>7.3=C83; =D7.3F3./<43
1 (2018) 3 SCC 208
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431;83B <=:8034 ;/ ! 1B.:
;3D:7/8? 7.3 0:5>/00/=80 =D 7.3 431;83B <=:8034 D=; 7.3 122344187 C/7.
144 F3.3>38<3 0:5>/773B 7.17 7.3;3 /0 8=7./8? =8 ;3<=;B 7= 0.=C 7.17 7.3 /80:;18<3 <=>2186 /8D1<7 .10 /00:3B 186 8=7/<3 7= 7.3 =C83; =D 7.3 F3./<43 /87/>17/8? 7.3 B/0.=8=; =D 7.3 <.3@:3 .3 8=7/<3 17 H% C10 /00:3B 1D73; 7.3 23;/=B =D % 631;0 D;=> 7.3 B173 =D 1<</B387 7.17 7== C.38 8=7/<3 C10 /00:3B /8 7.3 <41/> 237/7/=8 =D1; 10 H <18<34417/=8 =D 2=4/<6 /0 <=8<3;83B 7.3 2=4/<6 C10 <18<3443B =8 %& 56 /00:/8? 18 38B=;03>387 .3 1<</B387 .1B =<<:;;3B =8 %%&=3F38=87.3B173=D<18<34417/=8=D2=4/<6 7.3 2=4/<6 C10 /8 D=;<3 .3 73;>0 07173B /8 7.3 2=4/<6 C=:4B <=>3 /87= 2/<7:;3 =846 C.38 /7 C10 5;=:?.7 7= 8=7/<3 =D 7.3 /80:;3B 7.17 7.3 <.3@:3 /00:3B 7=C1;B0 7.3 2;3>/:>.105338B/0.=8=;3B18B10G/8?./>7=>1G37.3 ?==B 7.3 01>3 F38 10 23; 7.3 2;=F/0/=80 =D 7.3 3?=7/1543 807;:>3870 <7 1 8=7/<3 /0 ;3@:/;3B 7= 53
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?/F38?;187/8?B1607/>37=7.323;0=8C.=03<.3@:3 <=>307=53B/0.=8=;3B
* ;/ ! 1B.: 71G/8? 7./0
=:;7 7= H' C=:4B<=8738B7.177.3<.3@:32;=B:<3B567.380:;18<3 <=>2186 C10 D=; 1 0:> =D 0'# C.3;310 7.3 2;3>/:> 1>=:87 10 23; 7.3 /80:;18<3 2=4/<6 /0 0'# C./<. /0 <431;46 F/0/543 10 23; H .3 <.3@:353/8?D=;./?.3;F14:37.187.32=4/<62;3>/:>/8 7.3 15038<3 =D 186 3H241817/=8 7= 7.17 3DD3<7 7.3 <=87387/=8 =D 7.3 122344187 9 80:;18<3 2=4/<6 <188=7 53 <=:873818<3B <<=;B/8?46 .3 2;163B 7= B/0>/00 7.3 122314
& 1F/8?.31;B7.3431;83B<=:8034D=;7.321;7/30 18B23;:03B7.3;3<=;B 7.3 =846 @:307/=8 7.171;/030 D=;
<=80/B3;17/=8=D7./0
=:;7/0, .3A:B?>38718B1C1;B21003B567.3;/5:814 ;3@:/;30 /873;D3;38<3 17 7.3 .18B0 =D 7./0
=:;7 =8 7.3 2431 =D B/0.=8=; =D <.3@:3 D=; 7.3 2;3>/:>1>=:87I
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6180C3;7=7.32=/87/021;746/83?17/F3D=; 7.3D=44=C/8?,
B>/773B46 7.3 <.3@:3 2;=B:<3B 17 H' /0 D=;0'#C./<./0<431;46F/0/543/8C=;B010C344 10 /8 D/?:;30 $.3;310 10 23; H 7.3 2;3>/:> 1>=:87/8;3023<7=D7.3/80:;18<32=4/<6/00'# .3;3 /0 8= 3H241817/=8 D=;7.<=>/8? D;=> 7.3 2=4/<6 7= 0:507187/173 C.37.3; 7.3 <.3@:3 /00:3B 7=C1;B0 7.3 2;3>/:>1>=:87/8D1F=:;=D/80:;18<3<=>2186<=F3;/8? 7.3;/0G1023;H.3;3/08=7./8?D=;7.<=>/8?D;=> 7.3 ;3<=;B 2;=B:<3B 56 7.3 122344187 9 80:;18<3 <=>21867=0.=C7.177.3/80:;18<3<=>2186.10/00:3B 186 8=7/<3 />>3B/17346 1D73; 7.3 B/0.=8=; =D <.3@:3 /8 ;3023<7 =D 2;3>/:> 1>=:87 =D 0'# .3 <.3@:3 2;=B:<3B/0D=;0'#8F/3C=D7.3B=<:>3870 /7 /0 .1;B 7= 534/3F3 7.17 7.3 <.3@:3 C10 /00:3B D=; 216>3877=C1;B07.32;3>/:>=D0'#/8;3023<7=D
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7.3 2=4/<6 /00:3B <=F3;/8?
7.3 ;/0G /8 ;3023<7 =D 7.3 =DD38B/8?F3./<43 % =D1; 10 7.3 <=87387/=8 =D 431;83B <=:8034 D=; 7.31223441877.177.3/80:;3B53/8?7.37./;B21;7618B/8 F/3C=DF/=417/=8=D7.373;>018B<=8B/7/=80/3B/0.=8=;
=D <.3@:3 7.3 122344187 53 ;303;F3B 4/53;76 7= 216 18B ;3<=F3; 7.3 <=>238017/=8 1>=:87D;=>7.3=C83; =D 7.3 F3./<4387.315038<3=D186B=<:>3877=0.=C7.177.3 122344187 9 80:;18<3 <=>2186 .10 71G38 186 07320 7= /87/>1737.3=C83;=D7.3=DD38B/8?F3./<43;3?1;B/8?7.3 B/0.=8=; =D <.3@:3 3F38 10 23; 7.3 <=87387/=8 =D 7.3 122344187 7.3 <=80/B3;17/=8 =D 7.3 2431 =D 7.3 80:;18<3 <=>2186B=308=71;/03D=;7.30/>243;310=87.177.3;3/0 8=7./8?=8;3<=;B7=0.=C7.1707320.1F3533871G387= /87/>173 7.3 /80:;3B .3 1>=:87 =D 2;3>/:> /0 0'# C.3;310 7.3 <.3@:3 2;=B:<3B /0 D=; 0'#./0<431;46;1/03010:02/</=81?1/8077.3 2431=D122344187
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( .3 15038<3 =D 186 B=<:>387 7= 0.=C 121;7 D;=>7.3<.3@:3H'18B186B=<:>3877=0.=C7.17 7.3122344187.10/00:3B8=7/<3;3?1;B/8?1443?3BB/0.=8=;
<144/8? :2=8 7.3 =C83; =D 7.3 F3./<43 7= >1G3 ?==B 7.3 2;3>/:>21/B:8B3;7.3<.3@:3/753<=>30F3;6.1;BD=;
7./0
=:;77=1<<3277.3<=87387/=8=D7.3431;83B<=:8034 D=;7.31223441873F387=?;1874/53;767=21618B;3<=F3; 7.3<=>238017/=8D;=>7.3=C83;=D7.3F3./<43 .3 B/0<;37/=8 =D 216 18B ;3<=F3; <188=7 53 /00:3B101>1773;=D<=:;035:70:5A3<77=7.3D1<7018B </;<:>0718<30 =D 31<. <103 8 7.3 /807187 <103 /8 7.3 15038<3 =D 186 B=<:>3871;6 2;==D 3/7.3; ;3?1;B/8? B/0.=8=;=D<.3@:3D=;10:>=D0'#=;18607320 .1F/8? 5338 71G38 D=; /87/>17/8? 15=:7 7.3 B/0.=8=; 10 1443?3B 56 7.3 122344187 9 80:;18<3 <=>2186 7.3 @:307/=8=D21618B;3<=F3;B=308=71;/03.3;/5:814 1D73; ?=/8? 7.;=:?. 7.3 <=87387/=80 =D 3/7.3; 21;7/30 18B 71G/8? /87= <=80/B3;17/=8 7.3 3F/B38<3 =D 5=7. =;14 18B B=<:>3871;6 21003B 7.3 A:B?>387 18B 1C1;B ?;187/8? - 11 -
<=>238017/=8=D0#C/7./873;307177.3;173=D JD;=>7.3B173=D237/7/=87/44;314/K17/=8B/;3<7/8?7.3 80:;18<3 <=>2186 7= B32=0/7 7.3 <=>238017/=8 1>=:87 C/7./8B160./0
=:;7D/8B08=/443?14/76=;/8D/;>/76/8 7.3=;B3;21003B567.3;/5:814 =; 7.3 D=;3?=/8? ;310=80 7./0
=:;7 2;=<33B0 7=21007.3D=44=C/8?,
/" .3122314/0 //" .31>=:87/8B32=0/7>1B3567.380:;18<3 <=>2186 53D=;3 7./0 =:;7 0.144 53 7;180>/773B 7= 7.3 ;/5:814 14=8? C/7. /873;307/D186 ///"1418<31>=:87C/7.J23;188:>D;=>7.3 B173 =D 237/7/=8 7/44 ;314/K17/=8 0.144 53 B32=0/73B 56 7.3 122344187 9 80:;18<3 <=>2186 C/7./8 0/H C33G0 D;=> 7.3 B173 =D
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;3<3/27 =D <=26 =D 7./0 =;B3; 53D=;3 7.3 <=8<3;83B;/5:814
/F" ==;B3;107=<=070
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