- 1 - ! " #" $" %!&"$"" %!&" "!"$$! '() * !" #$ $%&% '!! ( ! ! ) % * #&% #$+& %$ %$, ! !! #%&&& Digitally signed by BASALINGAPPA SHIVARAJ DHUTTARGAON Location: HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA - 2 - % ! #$ +%&% ' ! ( !! - %%&+&*% ! ) %+*(%)! %$%%&% ! # &%. ! ! " !! / ! / !& (!/ ! ) 0123 450 1660771849: ;<=8:07 183 17:< 450 ;<=8:07 166012>8?@<245020:6<83084: 5>: 166017 >: @>703 AB 450 166077184 ;71>C184 ;517708?>8? 450 D=3?C084 183 1E123 31403 %$%%&% 61::03 >8 < &%. AB 450 <=24 <@ 450 08><2 >F>7 =3?0 183 # 7183 (@<2 :5<24 G2>A=817) - 3 - H=0:4><8>8?450H=184=C<@;<C608:14><81E12303AB450 2>A=817 * 50 @1;4=17C142>I <@ ;1:0 <@>8D=203 604>4><802 >:4514<8&%&$&%.50E1:62<;003>8?4<E123:17E12 18131 @2<C 1?16=2 5183=81B1J 1831 13?>2 1: 1 6>77><8 2>302 <8 C<4<2;B;70 <#&%##$+& 183 E508 450B ;1C0 8012 17< 7<;J 1;4<2 14 12?<7 4< 17E12 2<1312?<74502>302<@450:1>3C<4<2;B;702<30>8121:5 183 80?7>?084 C18802 E>45 5>?5 :6003 71:4 ;<842<7 <F02 450 F05>;70 183 4=28 4=2470 183 @077 3<E8 @2<C 450 C<4<2;B;70 : 1 20:=74 450 >8D=203 604>4><802 :=:41>803 3>@@=:01I<817>8D=2BE>45C=74>670>8421;218>17>8D=2>0:183 A>7140217 :=2?>;17 0C65B:0C1 183 @<;17 3>16521?C14>; >8D=2B017:<:=:41>803>8D=2>0:4<5>:;50:4183A1;J183 <45026124:<@5>:A<3BCC03>1407B >8D=203E1::5>@403 4< 450 <F028C084 <:6>417 13?>2 E5020>8 50 4<<J @>2:4 1>3183<8450F02B:1C031B50E1:13C>4403148>403 <:6>417 171A=21?> 1: >8614>084 @2<C &%&$&%. 4< &&+&%. 1402 50 E1: :5>@403 4< <F028C084 03>;17 - 4 - <770?0 183 4: 2<=6 <@ <:6>417 =CA1> @<2 5>?502 42014C084 E5020>8 50 4<<J 42014C084 1: >8614>084 @2<C &*&+&%. 4< *%&+&%. 4 >: ;<8408303 >8 450 ;71>C 604>4><8 4514 >8D=203 >8;=2203 C<20 4518 :%&&&&&& # 4<E123: C03>;17 183 <4502 >8;>308417 0I608:0: 4 >: 450 ;1:0<@>8D=203451462><24<4501;;>3084>8D=203E1:5170 183 501745B 1?03 1A<=4 %. B012: 3<>8? 1 71A<=2 E<2J =04<450:1>3>8D=2>0:50A0;1C0602C180847B3>:1A703 18317:<50>:A032>33081838<4>816<:>4><84<:601J0 ;<C670407B 7<:4 5>: C0C<2B 3=0 4< >8D=2>0: :=:41>803 AB 5>C<E50>:=8302450;=:4<3B<@5>:C<450250;71>C 604>4><8 E1: 20:>:403 AB 20:6<83084 < AB 308B>8? 450 >8;<C0 <;;=2208;0 <@ 1;;>3084 814=20 <@ >8D=2>0: 183 3>:1A>7>4B 183 450 1C<=84 :6084 4<E123: C03>;17 0I608:0: 8 <2302 4< :=A:4184>140 450 814=20 <@ >8D=2>0: 18317:<4<62<F0450;71>CC130AB450>8D=2031:50E1: 8<4 >8 1 6<:>4><8 4< :601J 5>: 80I4 @2>083 C<4502 E1: 20620:08403 183 0I1C>803 1: !% 183 62<3=;03 - 5 - 3<;=C084:1:I:!%4<%*50>8D=20317:<?<40I1C>803 450 <;4<2 1: ! 50 20:6<83084: 51F0 8<4 703 18B 0F>308;00I;06462<3=;>8?3<;=C0841:I% $ 50 2>A=817 51F>8? ;<8:>30203 450 C1402>17 1F1>71A70 <8 20;<23 >8:<@12 1: ::=0 <* >: ;<8;02803 51F>8? ;<8:>30203 450 1C<=84 ;71>C03 >8 450 ;71>C 604>4><8 41J08 8<40 <@ 61>8 183 :=@@02>8? 183 17:< 450 3<;=C084: 14 I:!. 183 %& >0 5<:6>417 20;<23: <@ 8>403 <:6>417183 =CA1> <:6>417 183;<8:>302>8? 450 ?2>0F<=:>8D=2>0:18317:<450>8D=2>0:4<450>8D=203<F02 450 ;50:4 183 5013 183 3>@@=:03 1I<817 C=74>670 >8421;218>17>8D=2>0:18341J088<40<@4500F>308;0<@450 <;4<2 E5< 51: A008 0I1C>803 1: ! A0@<20 450 2>A=817 183 17:< ;<8:>30203450 C03>;17A>77:4<4177B & >8 8=CA02 62<3=;03 A0@<20 450 2>A=817 51F>8? :6084 18 1C<=84 <@ :$*+& # 4<E123: C03>;17 0I608:0: 183 2>A=81717:<3>:;=::03>83041>7E>4520?1234<450@=4=20 C03>;170I608:0:1: E0771: 144083184;512?0:@<<3183 ;<8F0B18;0 ;512?0: 6124>;=7127B 3>:;=::03 >8 20:60;4 <@ - 6 - >8;<C0 3=2>8? 42014C084 602><3 1: E077 1: 7<:: <@ @=4=20 0128>8? ;161;>4B 8 6121?2165 <* 3>:;=::03 4514 >8D=203 E1: >8614>084 @<2 1 602><3 <@ 31B: >8 8>403 <:6>417171A=2?>183=CA1><:6>417502>A=81717:< 51F>8?41J088<40<@0F>308;0<@450<;4<2E5<1::0::03 450 3>:1A>7>4B 14 K 4< 450 E5<70 A<3B ;<8:>302>8? 450 :;188>8?206<24183E<=83;024>@>;140183I#21B@>7C:183 450 >8D=2>0: :=:41>803 >0 421=C14>; A21>8 >8D=2B 183 421=C14>; ;50:4 >8D=2B :>8;0 450 >8D=203 51: 7<:4 ;<8:;><=:80::A20145>8?3>@@>;=74B183A7003>8?@2<C:;176 1A21:><8: 183 E<=83: 183 >8D=203 E1: 17:< 4201403 ;<8:02F14>F07B18317:<13F>:034<5>?50242014C08471402 450>8D=203E1:13C>440314<CA1B<:6>41750<;4<2 17:<<6>8031:@<77<E: %) !14>084 513 ?2>0F<=: ;020A217 ;020A07712 183 C>3A21>8421=C14>;>8D=2B1:@<=83;7>8>;177B183 213><7<?>;177B@<77<E>8?4501;;>3084!20:0847BL ) 5020 >: 61217B:>: >8 =6602 183 7<E02 7>CA: <8 A<45 :>30: 3=0 4< ;020A217 183 ;020A07712 - 7 - 31C1?045141;;<=84:@<280=2<7<?>;173>:1A>7>4B <@ &K *) #@1;>17617:B1;;<=84:@<2%&K3>:1A>7>4B ) 08003::=66<24@<25>:31>7B65B:>;171;4>F>4>0: AB 18 144083184 183 >4 ;<:4: 1A<=4 %$ 4< & 45<=:1830F02BC<845 50;=C=714>F03>:1A>7>4B:=:41>803AB614>084>8 1;;>3084 >: K 4<084>20A<3B 183 602C18084 >8814=20 , 50<;4<2E1:17:<;2<::0I1C>803A0@<20450 2>A=817 183 >8 450 ;2<::#0I1C>814><8 50 13C>4: 4514 50 51: 8<4 4201403 450 614>084 A=4 50 51: >::=03 450 3>:1A>7>4B ;024>@>;140 <8 450 A1:>: <@ 450 E<=83 ;024>@>;140 183 3>:;512?0 :=CC12B >::=03 AB 450 8>403 <:6>417 171A=21?>18317:<<F028C084<:6>41703>;17<770?0 183 4: 2<=6 <@ <:6>417 14 =CA1> 183 450 >8D=203 ;188<4:601J62<6027B50:=:41>803>8D=2>0:<@G 9612>0417 A<80 E>45 >8 G 9 @2<84<#40C6<2<#612>0417 A7003>8 450 ?18?7><;16:=712 20?><8 A=4 13C>4403 4514 50 >: 8<4 1 80=2<:=2?0<8 1F>8? ;<8:>30203 450 13C>::><8 <8 450 - 8 - 6124<@!#>4>::00845142>A=817>8:4013<@;<8:>302>8? 450 3>:1A>7>4B <@ E5<70 A<3B ;<8:>30203 <87B *&K <@ 3>:1A>7>4B18341J08450>8;<C014: &&& #602C<845 183 1::0::03 450 7<:: <@ @=4=20 >8;<C0 <87B 14 :$% && # 50 2>A=817 17:< 1E12303 1 :=C <@ :,&&&& #4<E123:7<::<@1C08>4>0:0>8?1??2>0F03AB 45>:@>83>8?450620:084166017>:@>703 + 50 ;<=8:07 166012>8? @<2 450 166077184 E<=73 F050C0847B;<8408345144502>A=817;<CC>440318022<2 >8 1E123>8? 450 D=:4 183 201:<81A70 ;<C608:14><8 >8 177 4505013:1830F0841J>8?4503>:1A>7>4B1:E0771:>8;<C0 2>A=817 17:< 8<4 1E12303 18B ;<C608:14><8 4<E123: 144083184;512?0:183>420H=>20:20F>:>4>8?>81771:60;4<@ 1E123>8?<@;<C608:14><8 50 ;<=8:07 >8 :=66<24 <@ 5>: 12?=C084 207>03 =6<845030;>:><8<@450<89A7060I<=24>8450;1:0<@ - 9 - %50;<=8:0720@022>8?45>:30;>:><8 E<=73 F050C0847B ;<84083 4514 0F08 450 <89A70 60I <=24 >8 1 ;1:0 <@ ,.K 5073 4514 3>:1A>7>4B C=:4 8<4 A0 C01:=2031:162<6<24><81407<::<@5>:0128>8?;161;>4B 500128>8?7>@0@<2450166077184>:<F021831::=;55>: >8;<C0 7<:: 51: 4< A0 H=184>@>03 1: %&&K5020 >: 8< <4502 E1B 4< 1::0:: 0128>8? 7<:: :>8;0 166077184 >: >8;161;>41403 @<2 7>@0 183 >: ;<8@>803 4< 5<C0 8 :=;5 ;>2;=C:418;0:5>: 7<:: <@ 0128>8? ;161;>4B C=:4 A0 @>I03 14%&&K50;<=8:0717:<A2<=?544<8<4>;0<@45>:<=24 >8 6121?2165 < <@ 450 1@<20:1>3 30;>:><8 E5020>8 17:< 3>:;=::><8 E1: C130 E>45 20?123 4< 18 144083184 >: 20H=>203452<=?5<=45>:7>@018317:<A2<=?544<8<4>;0<@ 45>: <=24 450 <89A70 60I <=24 51: 41J08:,&&&& # 1: 188=17 0I608:0: >8 20:60;4 <@ 450 144083184 >: ;<8;02803 183 1667B>8? 450 C=74>67>02 <@ G% 9 133>4><817 ;<C608:14><8<@:%& &&&& #>:1E12303 1 (2022) 15 SCC 620 - 10 - . 50;<=8:0717:<A2<=?544<8<4>;0<@45>:<=24 4514450<89A7060I<=2451:17:<?218403181C<=84<@ :*&&&&& #4<E123:@=4=20C03>;170I608:0:1:1?1>8:4 450 1E123 C130 AB 450 2>A=817 1: :%&&&&& # 183 508;0 621B03 45>: <=24 4< 1E123 D=:4 183 201:<81A70 ;<C608:14><8>81774505013: %& 450 ;<=8:07 166012>8? @<2 450 8:=218;0<C618BE<=73F050C0847B;<840834514E508 450 <;4<2 E5< 51: A008 0I1C>803 1: ! A0@<20 450 2>A=817;140?<2>;177B13C>4403451450>:8<44504201403 <;4<218317:<50>:8<4180=2<:=2?0<80;140?<2>;177B 306<:0:A0@<204502>A=817451450?1F04500F>308;0183 1::0::03 450 3>:1A>7>4B A1:03 <8 450 3<;=C08412B 0F>308;0 1F1>71A70 <8 20;<23 50 ;<=8:07 17:< E<=73 F050C0847B ;<84083 4514 <=?54 4< 51F0 0I1C>803 450 <;4<2 E5< 51: 4201403 450 >8D=203 183 17:< >@ <;4<2 >: 8<4 1F1>71A70 <=?54 4< 51F0 0I1C>803 1 <;4<2 AB 166<>84>8? 1 <=24 <CC>::><802 08;0 450 F02B 1::0::C084 C130 AB 450 2>A=817 >8 1A:08;0 <@ 4201403 - 11 - <;4<21:E0771:80=2<:=2?0<845>:<=24;188<4@>8318B @1=74E>451::0::C084C130AB4502>A=817183>43<0:8/4 20H=>20:18B>8402@0208;0>808518;>8?;<C608:14><8 %% 1F>8?501234501660771849:;<=8:071:E0771: 450;<=8:07166012>8?@<220:6<83084#8:=218;0<C618B 183 17:< ;<8:>302>8? 450 62>8;>670: 71>3 3<E8 >8 450 1@<20:1>3 30;>:><8 183 17:< 450 C1402>17 1F1>71A70 <8 20;<234506<>84:4514E<=7312>:0@<2;<8:>30214><8<@45>: 120 % 50<;;=2208;0<@1;;>30841837>1A>7>4B>:8<4>8 3>:6=404503>:6=40>:<87BE>4520?1234<450H=184=C<@ ;<C608:14><88J006>8?450:1>3;<84084><8=2?03AB450 1660771841:E0771:45020:6<83084;<=8:0745>:<=2451: 4< 0I1C>80 450 C1402>17 1F1>71A70 <8 20;<23 5020;<23: - 12 - ;70127B 3>:;7<:0: 4514 14 450 @>2:4 >8:418;0 >CC03>1407B 1@402 450 1;;>3084 450 >8D=203 E1: 41J08 4< 450 <F028C084 <:6>417 183 4508 50 E1: :5>@403 4< 8>403 <:6>417171A=21?>E5020>850E1:13C>4403@<21602><3 <@ 17C<:4 4E< C<845: 183 450201@402 50 E1: :5>@403 4< =CA1>5<:6>417@<2@=245025>?50242014C084@<21602><3 <@<80C<845183>817750E1:18>8614>084@<21602><3<@ 31B: 50 20;<23: 17:< 20F017: 450 :1C0 183 42>A=817 17:<;<8:>30203450:1C0>86121?2165<* %* 1F>8? 41J08 8<40 <@ 450 C1402>17 >84< ;<8:>30214><8 1: E077 1: 450 E<=83 ;024>@>;140 E5>;5 >: 62<3=;03A0@<204502>A=8171:3<;=C084I!+18317:< 450 0F>308;0 <@ 450 <;4<2 >: F02B ;7012 E5>;5 51: A008 0I421;403>86121?2165<:*183<@450D=3?C084<@ 4502>A=8174 >:>C6<24184 4<8<40 4514 450<;4<2 E5< 1::0::034503>:1A>7>4B14 K1832>A=81751:41J08<87B *&K3>:1A>7>4B % 4>:17:<>C6<241844<8<404514450<;4<251: @>703 18 1@@>31F>4 A0@<20 450 2>A=817 183 450 3>:1A>7>4B - 13 - ;024>@>;140 >::=03 AB 5>C E5< >: E<2J>8? >8 <4512> 5<:6>417 >: C12J03 1: I!%% 50 <6>8><8 <@ 450 <;4<2 4<E123: 3>:1A>7>4B <@ K 4< 450 E5<70 A<3B 8 450 0F>308;050;140?<2>;177B:1>3451450F02>@>03450E<=83 ;024>@>;140:;188>8?206<24183I#21B@>7C:183450>8D=203 51::=:41>803450>8D=2>0:>0421=C14>;A21>8>8D=2B183 421=C14>;;50:4>8D=2B183>8D=20351:7<:4;<8:;><=:80:: A20145>8?3>@@>;=74B183A7003>8?@2<C:;1761A21:><8:183 E<=83:5>:<=2417:<51:4<41J08<40<@450@1;44514 450 C<4502 <@ 450 >8D=203 E1: 0I1C>803 A0@<20 450 2>A=817 4514 450 >8D=203 >: =81A70 4< :601J 183 17:< 4< C<F018350E1:4201403;<8:02F14>F07B18317:<504<<J 450 42014C084 8<4 <87B 14 171A=21?> 0F08 14 =CA1> 5<:6>41717:<500F>308;0<@450<;4<2>:17:<F02B;7012 4514>8D=203513?2>0F<=:;020A217;020A217183C>3A21>8 421=C14>; >8D=2B 1: @<=83 ;7>8>;177B 183 213><7<?>;177B 0 17:< 41J08 8<40 <@ 61217B:>: >8 =6602 183 7<E02 7>CA: <8 A<45 :>30: 3=0 4< ;020A217 183 ;020A07712 31C1?0 4514 1;;<=84: @<2 80=2<7<?>;17 3>:1A>7>4B <@ &K 50 >?54 - 14 - 617:B 1;;<=84: 17:< @<2 %&K 3>:1A>7>4B 183 450 >8D=203 8003: :=66<24 @<2 5>: 31>7B 65B:>;17 1;4>F>4>0: AB 18 144083184 183 >4 ;<:4: 1A<=4 :%$#& 45<=:183 0F02B C<84550;=C=714>F03>:1A>7>4B1::0::03>: K %$ < 3<=A4 450 ;<=8:07 166012>8? @<2 450 20:6<83084 A2<=?54 4< 8<4>;0 <@ 45>: <=24 3=2>8? 450 ;<=2:0<@12?=C0844514450<;4<2E5<;1C0@<2E1234< ?>F0 0F>308;0 A0@<20 450 2>A=817 >: 8<4 14201403<;4<2 183 17:< 50 >: 8<4 1 80=2<7<?>:4 A=4 450 @1;4 >: 4514 450 3>:1A>7>4B;024>@>;140I!%%;70127B3>:;7<:0:4503>:1A>7>4B <@ K4<E5<70A<3B183>81;1:0<@61217B:>:>820:60;4 <@=66021837<E027>CA:>0H=132>670?>1A<45:>30:3=0 4< ;020A217 183 ;020A217 31C1?0 4514 1;;<=84: @<2 80=2<7<?>;173>:1A>7>4B5042>A=817;<CC>440318022<2>8 41J>8? <87B *&K <@ 3>:1A>7>4B 1: 1?1>8:4 450 602C18084 3>:1A>7>4B <@ K < 3<=A4 45<=?5 50 E1: 8<4 1 80=2<:=2?0<8 A=4 450 @1;4 4514 50 >: 1 ?080217 :=2?0<8 1830F0850;181::0::450;<83>4><8<@614>08418317:< ;<8:>302>8? 4514 E508 45020 >: 1 61217B:>: >8 20:60;4 <@ - 15 - =6602 183 7<E02 7>CA >: ;<8;02803 50 E1: >CC<A>7>M03 183 450 :414=: <@ 450 >8D=203 >: 8<45>8? A=4 1 F0?041A70 :414=: %, 508 :=;5 A0>8?450 ;1:0 E508450 >8D=203>: 8<41A704<:601J8<41A704<C<F0183=81A704<144083 31>7B 65B:>;17 1;4>F>4>0: 450 2>A=817 51: ;<CC>4403 18 022<2>81::0::>8?*&K<@3>:1A>7>4B>420H=>20:20F>:>4>8?<@ 450 :1C0 50 ;<=8:07 166012>8? @<2 450 166077184 17:< A2<=?54 4< 450 8<4>;0 <@ 45>: <=24 450 30;>:><8 >8 9: ;1:0 20@02203 1A<F0 E5020>8 450 ;71>C184 513 :=:41>803 ,.K <@ 3>:1A>7>4B <89A70 60I <=24 ;140?<2>;177B50734514450:1C0C=:48<4A0C01:=2031: 1 62<6<24><8140 7<:: <@ 5>: 0128>8? ;161;>4B 508 450 >8D=203 7<:4 5>: 0128>8? ;161;>4B 183 17:< 0128>8? 7>@0 @<2 450 166077184 >: <F02 183 1: :=;5 5>: >8;<C0 51: 4< A0 H=184>@>03 1: %&&K 1F>8? 41J08 8<40 <@ 450 814=20 <@ >8D=2>0: :=:41>803 AB 450 >8D=203 183 17:< 450 <6>8><8 <@ 450<;4<245<=?550E1:8<414201403<;4<218351F>8? ;<8:>30203 5>: >CC<A>7>4B 1: E077 1: 8<4 >8 1 6<:>4><8 4< - 16 - :601J 183 17:< 450 C<4502 51: A008 0I1C>803 1: 80I4 @2>083>8450;1:0<85183183:1C0>:17:<8<43>:6=403 183 51F>8? 41J08 8<40 <@ H=132>670?>1 45>: <=24 51: 4< 20F>:>4450C1402>17 %+ 1F>8? ;<8:>30203 450 C1402>17 1F1>71A70 <8 20;<23 183 450 62>8;>670: 71>3 3<E8 >8 450 1@<20:1>3 30;>:><8 E0 E<=73 7>J0 4< 201::0:: 450 ;<C608:14><8 =83021773>@@020845013: % <E 51F>8? 41J08 1 8<40 <@ 450 @1;4 4514 450 1;;>308451:41J08671;0>8450B012&%.450>8D=203E1: 1?03 1A<=4%. B012: 18317:< ;71>C 451450 E1: <87B18 1?2>;=74=217 ;<<7>0 42>A=817 <=?54 4< 51F0 41J08 450 >8;<C0<@:%*$& #>8:4013<@: &&& #;<CC>440318 022<2>841J>8?450:1C05042>A=81717:< ;<CC>440318 022<2 >8 8<4 ;<8:>302>8? 450 @=4=20 62<:60;4: 183 450 62>8;>670:71>33<E8>84501@<20:1>330;>:><8E5020>8>4>: F02B;70124514E5>7041J>8?%&&K<@3>:1A>7>4B17:<4<133 &K @=4=20 62<:60;4: 450204< 183 450 C<8457B 7<:: <@ - 17 - 0128>8? 4< A0 H=184>@>03 >8;7=3>8? 5>: >8;<C0 1: E077 1: @=4=2062<:60;4:18317:<4502070F184C=74>67>02 %. <E ;<C>8? 4< 450 ;<8;7=:><8 <@ %&&K <@ 3>:1A>7>4B 4<E123: 7<:: <@ 0128>8? <@ >8D=203 183 17:< ;<8:>302>8? &K <@ @=4=20 62<:60;4: 1: E077 1: 450 2070F184 C=74>67>02 <@ G% 9 >4 ;<C0: 4< + , 4<E123:G7<::<@@=4=200128>8?;161;>4B9 & <E;<C>8?4<4501:60;4<@61>8183:=@@02>8? >: ;<8;02803 >8D=203 E1: 18 >8614>084 @<2 1 602><3 <@ 31B:18317:<513:=@@0203450A21>8421=C14>;>8D=2B183 17:< >8D=2B 4< ;50:4 183 H=132>670?>1 >4 >: 1662<62>140 4< 1E123 1 ;<C608:14><8 <@ + , 4<E123: G61>8 183:=@@02>8?9 % <E;<C>8?4<450;<C608:14><84<E123:@<<3 183 8<=2>:5C084 450 >8D=203 E1: 41J08 4< 450 <F028C0845<:6>417>CC03>1407B183450201@402:5>@4034< 8>403 <:6>417 E5020>8 50 4<<J 42014C084 17C<:4 @<2 1 602><3 <@ 4E< C<845: 183 4508 @<2 5>?502 42014C084 50 - 18 - E1: 41J08 4< =CA1> 5<:6>417 1F>8? 41J08 8<40 <@ 450 :1>3 @1;4 >8;7=3>8? 450 @<<3 ;<8F0B18;0 183 ;512?0: 2>A=817 1E12303 18 1C<=84 <@ :$&&&& # 183 :1C0>: 08518;034<+ , <E >8:<@12 1: C03>;17 0I608:0: >: ;<8;02803 450 3<;=C084: 120 62<3=;03 1: I!%* A0@<20 450 2>A=817 183 450 :1C0 51: A008 ;<8:>30203 E5>;5 1C<=84: 4< :$*+& # 183 16124 @2<C 4514 8< <4502 3<;=C084:12062<3=;0308;0E02041>8450:1>31C<=84 1:+ - ,4<E123:GC03>;170I608:0:9 * <E 51F>8? 41J08 8<40 <@ 450 814=20 <@ 450 >8D=2>0: :=:41>803 AB 450 >8D=203 183 17:< >4 >: 1 ;1:0 <@ H=132>670?>15020H=>20:45042014C084452<=?5<=45>:7>@0 50<89A7060I<=24>845030;>:><820@02203:=62117:< 08518;03 450 :1C0 @2<C :%&&&&& # 4< :*&&&&& # 1:3>:;=::03>86121?2165<.183508;0>4>:1662<62>140 4< 1E123 18 1C<=84 <@ +- , 4<E123: @=4=20 C03>;17 0I608:0: 1: 1?1>8:4 450 1C<=84 <@ :&&&& # - 19 - :>8;0 >8D=203C=:4 41J045042014C084 452<=?5<=45>: 7>@0 ;<8:>302>8?450814=20<@>8D=2>0: 502>A=8171E12303181C<=84<@: &&& # 4<E123: G7<:: <@ >8;<C03=2>8?42014C084602><39 183 450 :1C0 ;188<4 A0 ;<8:>30203 E508 45>: <=24 51: 41J08 %&&K <@ 3>:1A>7>4B 450 H=0:4><8 <@ 1E123>8? 18B :=;5 ;<C608:14><83=2>8?450602><3<@42014C0843<0:8/412>:0 $ <E;<C>8?4<4501:60;4<@7<::<@1C08>4>0:>: ;<8;02803 450 2>A=817 1E12303 18 1C<=84 <@ :,&&&& # 183 51F>8? 41J08 8<40 <@ 814=20 <@ >8D=2>0: 183 17:< >8D=203 :=:41>803 450 >8D=2>0: 14 450 1?0 <@ %. B012: 183 450 :1C0 17:< 4< A0 41J08 8<40 <@ E5>70 1E123>8? 450 7<:: <@ 1C08>4>0: 183 450 1E123 1C<=84 <@ :,&&&& #>:F02BC01?0245>:<=2451:4<41J08<40<@ 7<:: <@ 1C08>4>0: E508 450 >8D=203 513 :=:41>803 450 >8D=2>0: 14 450 1?0 <@ %. 183 508;0 >4 >: 1662<62>140 4< 1E123<@+ ,4<E123:G7<::<@1C08>4>0:9 - 20 - , <E ;<C>8? 4< 450 1:60;4 <@ ;<C608:14><8 4<E123: 144083184 ;512?0:>: ;<8;02803 E508 45>: <=24 ;<C0:4<450;<8;7=:><84514>4>:1%&&K<@3>:1A>7>4B183 17:< 450 <;4<2 E5< 51: A008 0I1C>803 1: ! ;140?<2>;177B 306<:03 A0@<20 450 2>A=817 4514 >8D=203 >: =81A70 4< 144083 5>: 31B 4< 31B 1;4>F>4>0: 183 65B:>;17 1;4>F>4>0:17:<;188<4A03<80183E50850>:>88003<@18 1::>:418;0 <@ 1 602:<8 450 62>8;>670: 71>3 3<E8 >8 450 D=3?C084 20@02203 AB 450 ;<=8:07 166012>8? @<2 450 166077184>86121?21658< 3>:;=::03>83041>7>81;1:0<@ ,.K <@ 3>:1A>7>4B E5020>8 17:< 41J08 450 3>:1A>7>4B <@ %&&K5>70201::0::>8?450C1402>171F1>71A70<820;<23 0F08450<89A7060I<=2417:<3>:;=::0345030;>:><8<@ 45144<<>81;1:0<@C>8<2A=4 5020>:1;1:0<@450>8D=203>:1?031A<=4%.B012:18350 8003: 18 144083184 452<=?5<=4 5>: 7>@0 183 450 <89A70 60I <=24 >8 9: ;1:0 (:=621) 51: 41J08 450 ;<8:02F14>F00:4>C140<@:$&&& #602C<845166012:4< 2 (2020) 4 SCC 413 - 21 - A0450A120C>8>C=C18351F>8?13<6403450C=74>67>02<@ G% 9 18 133>4><817 ;<C608:14><8 <230203 14 :%& &&&& # 183 >8 45>: ;1:0 17:< E0 13<64 450 F02B :1C0 62>8;>670 71>3 3<E8 AB 450 60I <=24 >8 9: ;1:0 (:=621) 183 1E12303 18 1C<=84 <@ + ,4<E123:G144083184;512?0:9 + 50 >8D=203 513 :=:41>803 450 >8D=2>0: 14 450 1?0<@%.B012:183;<8@>8034<A031833=04<450814=20 <@ >8D=2>0: >0 H=132>670?>1 45020 >: 8< ;518;0: <@ C122>1?0>8@=4=20508:=;5A0>8?450;1:045>:<=24 E<=7317:<4<41J08<40<@4507<::<@C122>1?062<:60;4: 51F>8? 41J08 8<40 <@ 450 62>8;>670: 71>3 3<E8 AB 450 <89A70 60I <=24 >8 9: ;1:0 18 1C<=84 <@ :*&&&&& # >: 1E12303 4<E123: 7<:: <@ C122>1?0 62<:60;4: 183 17:< 450 30;>:><8 >8 450 ;1:0 <@ *45060I<=24 4<E123: G7<:: <@ C122>1?0 62<:60;4:9 17:< 1E12303 18 1C<=84<@:*&&&&& #183508;0E01E123181C<=84 3 2022 SCC Online SC 1488 - 22 - <@ +- , 4<E123: G7<:: <@ C122>1?0 62<:60;4:9 051F0;<8:>30203450C1402>171F1>71A70<820;<23183 20F>:>403 >8 1E123>8? 450 ;<C608:14><8 4514 >: D=:4 183 201:<81A70 ;<C608:14><8 183 508;0 18:E0203 450 6<>84 <% 1: 1@@>2C14>F0 50 201::0::03 ;<C608:14><8 >: 1: @<77<E:# % <::<@@=4=200128>8?;161;>4B :&&, && # !1>8183:=@@02>8? :&&&&& # * <<31838<=2>:5C084 :%$&&&& # 03>;170I608:0: :$*+& # $ =4=20C03>;170I608:0: :*&&&&& # , <::<@1C08>4>0: :%$&&&& # + 44083184;512?0: :%& &&&& # 122>1?062<:60;4: :*&&&&& # ./0 + , 8F>0E<@4503>:;=::><8:C1301A<F0E061:: 450@<77<E>8? >) 66017>:177<E03 >>) 50 D=3?C084 183 1E123 31403 %$%%&% 61::03 >8 < &%. AB 450 <=24 <@ 450 08><2>F>7=3?0183#7183>: C<3>@>03 - 23 - >>>) 50 >8D=203 >: 084>4703 @<2 ;<C608:14><8 <@ :,+%.&+& # 1: 1?1>8:4 :%*& ,+& # 1E12303AB4502>A=81717<8?E>45>84020:414 4502140<@,K602188=C >F) 50 08518;03 ;<C608:14><8 >: 61B1A70 AB 8:=202>80>?54E00J:E>45>84020:4 F) =4 <@ 450 ;<C608:14><8 1C<=84 .&K E>45 62<6<24><8140 >84020:4 C=:4 A0 J064 >8 @>I03 306<:>4 183 450 :1C0 >: 2080E1A70 602><3>;177B 1=4<C14>;177B E>45<=4 18B @=24502 <2302:@2<C4502>A=817 F>) 50 C<4502 <@ 450 >8D=203 >: 084>4703 4< E>45321E 450 >84020:4 H=124027B 4<E123: 42014C084 183 <4502 C1>840818;0 <@ 450 >8D=203 F>>) 50 20C1>8>8? %&K E>45 62<6<24><8140 >84020:4 >: 61B1A70 4< 450 1;;<=84 <@ 450 C<4502<@450>8D=2033>20;47BAB<A41>8>8?450 A18J 1;;<=84 183 450 604>4><802 ;<=8:07 >: 3>20;4034<@=28>:5450A18J1;;<=84@<245E>45 4<2>A=817 - 24 - F>>>) 50 A18J >: 17:< 3>20;403 8<4 4< 62<F>30 18B 7<18 E>45<=4 <2302 <@ 450 2>A=817 <8 450 306<:>4031C<=84<@450>8D=203 "1, '$"") & "1, ') & >:4<% 7<*