Research › Search › Judgment
High Court of Karnataka · body
2025 DAILYLAW 65855 (KAR)
NIRUPADI v. ROHAN POUL AND ANR
MFA/200079/2025 · 2025-07-16
Ravi V Hosmani
body2025
[ 2025 DAILYLAW 65855 (KAR) · dailylaw.ai ]
[ 2025 DAILYLAW 65855 (KAR) · dailylaw.ai ]
Judgment text
Extracted from the PDF above. The PDF is authoritative.
- 1 -
!" #$#
%$!&&! !!''
(&) *+ !!'' ,,
,(&)
*
+
! " #
$% " % %
&
"
'
( %")* )! "" ) )*
%
! "
'" %
Digitally signed by NIJAMUDDIN JAMKHANDI Location: HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA
- 2 -
""
* % %% % ! " ! !!! * !!! !!" (!" !"'!'!'+" !"'!' #
$% " "
(', &
( ( $ &( % ( - '"!"'!'
%
" - -(
"*!' '!'' ( -
"
,,*
,
+
%
"" . * % %% % ! % / " #
$% " "
&
- 3 -
"
'"
'
( %")* )! "" ) )*
%
! "
#
$% " % %
( , ' &
( ( $ &( ( "*!' '!'' ((" "--( '"!"'!' -
'"!"'!'
"*!' '!'' %" "- -( '"!"'!' %% (- "
(01
( -
2%"-
$ 3455678978 :;<8=67> 47< 4?4@< <4>6< '"!"'!' A4116<BC<<9>9D745 679D@9E95-;<8647<
49F3;@ $GD@ 13D@>
H>@9B;7450& 97 7D"*!' '!''
>3616 4AA6451 4@6
- 4 -
G956<BCBD>3F549=47>47<971;@6@"3956(7D"'!+ '!' 91G956<BC971;@6@F3455678978G97<978D776859867F641?65541 D7 I;47>;=
( 7D"'!!!+ '!' 91 G956< BC F549=47> GD@ 67347F6=67>DGFD=A6714>9D7" '" @9 1A4559
564@76< FD;7165 1;B=9>>6< 41 A6@ F549=47>
D7'"!*"'!''F549=47>45D78?9>3391?9G6?41@9<978 =D>D@FCF56 7D")* )*" 367 >36C ?6@6 764@ 547< DG D76%414774DG4A45A4@E9E955486
@9<6@DG47D>36@=D>D@FCF56 7D")* )! @D<6 9> 97 @413 47< 76859867> =4776@ 47< <4136<484971>F549=47>01=D>D@FCF56F4;19784FF9<67>"7149< 4FF9<67>
F549=47> 1;1>4976< 16E6@6 97:;@961 47< 4<=9>>6< >D 3D1A9>45" 61A9>6 >@64>=67>
36 <9< 7D> @6FDE6@ G;55C 47< 1;1>4976< A6@=4767> A3C19F45 <914B959>C" 36@6GD@6
F549= A6>9>9D7;7<6@ 6F>9D7 **DGD>D@639F561F>484971>D?76@ 47<971;@6@DGDGG67<978=D>D@FCF56?41G956<"E67F549=47>01 ?9G6 451D 1;1>4976< 97:;@961 97 149< 4FF9<67>" 7D"*! !'' ?41 G956<" %D>3 A6>9>9D71 ?6@6 F5;BB6<" ?76@ @6=4976< 6J) A4@>6D75C971;@6@DAAD16<F549=A6>9>9D7<67C978DFF;@@67F6DG 4FF9<67>
97ED5E978 971;@6< E639F56
45>6@74>9E65C 45568978 1D56 FD7>@9B;>D@C 76859867F6 484971> @9<6@ DG F549=47>01 =D>D@FCF56
- 5 -
47< 45568978 E9D54>9D7 DG >6@=1 47< FD7<9>9D71 DG AD59FC BC 971;@6<"
" %416< D7 A564<9781
>@9B;745 G@4=6< 911;61 47< @6FD@<6< 6E9<67F6" 549=47>1 ?6@6 6J4=976< 41 1" 47< ' 47<@" ;=4741""J1"" >D" *?6@68D>=4@K6<" GG9F945DG971;@6@?416J4=976<41" 47<J1" L'8D> =4@K6<"
" 7 FD719<6@4>9D7 >@9B;745 365< 4FF9<67> 34< DFF;@@6<<;6>D@41347<76859867>@9<978DG971;@6<=D>D@FCF56 BC 9>1 @9<6@
F549=47> 34< 1;1>4976< A6@=4767> A3C19F45 <914B959>C 5D11 DG 64@7978 F4A4F9>C 47< ?41 67>9>56< GD@ FD=A6714>9D7 DG 1"
+
'+' ) 97 7D"*!' '!'' G@D= 971;@6@41GD55D?1)
" D11DG97FD=6<;@978>@64>=67>M3645978A6@9D< !! ) '" D?4@<14>>67<978F34@861 !! )
" A6F945<96>47<>@471AD@>4>9D76>F" !!! )
" 497
1;GG6@97847<4=679>961 ! !!! )
" 6<9F45B9551 *
+' ) *" (;>;@6=6<9F456JA67161 '! !!!
)
" D11DGG;>;@6A@D1A6F>1
- 6 -
" 88@96E6<
971;@6@?41974AA645">?411;B=9>>6< F549=47> ?41 @9<6@ DG =D>D@FCF56 ?39F3 ?41 97ED5E6< 97 4FF9<67>"6?417D>3D5<978E459<47<6GG6F>9E6<@9E97859F67F6 4>>9=6DG4FF9<67>"36@6GD@6
9>341>DB6<66=6<>34>3634< 1D565CFD7>@9B;>6<>DDFF;@@67F6DG4FF9<67>">?411;B=9>>6< 41 A6@ J"
4FF9<67> DFF;@@6< 97 =9<<56 DG @D4<" 36@6GD@6 =4776@DGDFF;@@67F6DG4FF9<67>41411;=6<BC>@9B;745?41 FD7>@4@C>D@6FD@<" *" E67D7I;47>;=
9>?411;B=9>>6<?367F549=47> 34< 1;1>4976< =97D@ 97:;@961
4<<9>9D7 DG G;>;@6 A@D1A6F>1 >D =D7>35C 97FD=6 ?41 7D> :;1>9G96<" 7 4BDE6 8@D;7<1
1D;83> GD@455D?978DG4AA645"
" 7D>36@347<
=>" 347>4B494>95564@76<FD;7165 GD@F549=47>DAAD16<971;@6@014AA64547<1D;83>GD@455D?978DG F549=47>014AA645"71DG4@41594B959>C
9>?411;B=9>>6<97F@D11) 6J4=974>9D7DG"
9>?41659F9>6<>34>F549=47>?41 34E978 >?D ?36656@ <@9E978 59F67F6 47< E639F56 ?41 <;5C 971;@6<" 36@6GD@6
G97<978DG>@9B;745D776859867F6?41:;1>9G96<"
" 7 I;47>;=
9> ?41 1;B=9>>6< J"" ?D;7< F6@>9G9F4>647<J""+<914B959>CF6@>9G9F4>6?D;5<97<9F4>6>34>
- 7 -
F549=47>34<1;1>4976<>3@66G@4F>;@6174=65C1;B>@DF347>6@9F G@4F>;@6DG>36@983>G6=;@
G@4F>;@6DG@983>19<6A@DJ9=45;574 47< G@4F>;@6 DG @983> 19<6 @4<945 364<" %416< D7 14=6
" 34< 4116116< <914B959>C 4> N" D?6E6@
>@9B;745 6@@6< 97 FD719<6@978D75C N41G;7F>9D745<914B959>C"61A9>6F549=47> >4K978 97A4>967> >@64>=67> GD@ 4 A6@9D< DG <4C1
>@9B;745 4?4@<6< D75C 1"
!! ) >D?4@<1 GDD<
4>>67<47F6 47< FD7E6C47F6 6>F" > ?41 1;B=9>>6<
4?4@< DG 1" ! !!! ) >D?4@<1 A497 47< 1;GG6@978 47< 4=679>961 ?41 8@D115C 974<6I;4>6" +" >?41G;@>36@1;B=9>>6<97J""+
"'34<1>4>6< 4BD;>@6I;9@6=67>DGD76=D@61;@86@CGD@@6=DE45DG9=A547>1 47< 61>9=4>6< FD1> DG 14=6 >D B6 4> 1" "!! >D "! 54K3" > ?41 1;B=9>>6<
6E67 FD=A6714>9D7 DG 1"
!! ) >D?4@<1 549<);A?41974<6I;4>6"74BDE68@D;7<1
1D;83>GD@455D?978 DGF549=47>014AA645" !" 7 @6A5C
564@76< FD;7165 GD@ 971;@6@ FD7>67<6< <61A9>6F549=978>DB697AD116119D7DG<@9E97859F6716
F549=47> 34< 7D> A@D<;F6< 14=6 >955 <4>6" 7 >34> 1D56 8@D;7<
36 1D;83>>D455D?971;@6@014AA645"
- 8 -
" 64@< 564@76< FD;7165 47< A6@;16< 9=A;876< :;<8=67>47<4?4@<47<@6FD@<1" '" (@D= 4BDE6
197F6 971;@6@ 91 F3455678978 4?4@< D7 G97<9784BD;>76859867F641?65541D7I;47>;=?3956F549=47> 91 166K978 67347F6=67> DG FD=A6714>9D7
AD97>1 >34> ?D;5< 4@916GD@FD719<6@4>9D74@6
'-./."
" 7 D@<6@ >D 61>4B5913 4F>9D74B56 F549= 484971> 971;@6@
F549=47>@6596<D7AD59F697E61>984>9D7@6FD@<174=65C (
FD=A5497>
AD> 47F3474=4
D>D@ 639F56 71A6F>D@01 @6AD@> 47< F34@86)1366> =4@K6< 4> J1" >D
47< * @61A6F>9E65C" 6@;145 DG 14=6 ?D;5< 97<9F4>6 >34> AD59F6 4G>6@ FD7F5;19D7 DG 97E61>984>9D7 34< 9=A59F4>6< @9<6@ DG 971;@6< =D>D@FCF56 GD@ 34E978 F4;16< 4FF9<67> <;6 >D @413 47< 76859867> @9<978" 3D;83
971;@6@ 34< 455686< FD7>@9B;>D@C 76859867F6 484971> F549=47>
>36@6 ?41 7D 6E9<67F6 56< >D
- 9 -
61>4B5913 14=6" 6@6 7D7)AD116119D7 DG <@9E978 59F6716 ?D;5< 7D> BC 9>165G 9=A5C @413 47< 76859867> <@9E978" 7 F@D11 6J4=974>9D7DGF549=47>
7D>3978=4>6@94591659F9>6<971DG4@41 76859867F6"7G4F>
F549=47>3411>4>6<>34>36?41AD11611978 <@9E978 59F6716 47< 391 E639F56 ?41 971;@6<" 6@;145 DG 9=A;876< 4?4@< ?D;5< 97<9F4>6 >34> 1A6F9G9F 911;61 74=65C 911;617D"'47<?6@6G@4=6<97>391@684@<47<471?6@6<97 7684>9E6
41 D75C <DF;=67>1 A@D<;F6< BC 971;@6@ ?6@6 4;>3D@9O4>9D756>>6@47<971;@47F6AD59FC"
" 7<6@1;F3F9@F;=1>47F61
>36@6?D;5<B67D1FDA6 GD@ 97>6@G6@67F6 D7 G97<978 4BD;> 76859867F6" D97> 7D" 91 471?6@6<977684>9E6" '-./.
" 7 I;47>;=
>@9B;745 @6G6@@6< >D J") ) ?D;7< F6@>9G9F4>6?3956=67>9D797897:;@961DG56G>19<6G4F9451?655978 G@4F>;@6 DG @983> 4@= $;574& 47< G@4F>;@6 DG @983> 568 $G6=;@&" D?6E6@
J")+ <914B959>C F6@>9G9F4>6 ?D;5< 97<9F4>6 >34> >36@6 ?6@6 >3@66 G@4F>;@61" D719<6@978 14=6
4?4@< DG 1" ! !!! )>D?4@<1A49747<1;GG6@97847<4=679>961?D;5<B6 8@D115C 974<6I;4>6" D@=455C
>391 D;@> 4?4@<1 1"'
!!! )
- 10 -
GD@ =4:D@ G@4F>;@61 47< 1"
!!! ) >D?4@<1 =97D@ G@4F>;@61" 4K978 97>D 4FFD;7> 14=6
9> ?D;5< B6 4AA@DA@94>6 >D 4?4@< 1"! !!! )>D?4@<1A49747<1;GG6@97847<4=679>961" *" D719<6@978
39148641*C64@147<DFF;A4>9D741 48@9F;5>;@91>
>@9B;7454116116<=D7>35C97FD=64>1"
! ) ?39F3 91 :;1> 47< A@DA6@ 41 A6@ F34@> A@6A4@6< BC GD@ 16>>56=67> DG F4161 97 DK <454>3" D@=455C G@4F>;@61 >4K6 >3@66=D7>31>D3645"36@6GD@6
F549=47>?D;5<B667>9>56<>D 1"
'! ) >D?4@<1 5D11 DG 97FD=6 <;@978 549< ;A A6@9D<" @9B;745 4?4@<6< 1"
!! ) >D?4@<1 4>>67<978 F34@861 47< 1"
!!! ) >D?4@<1 1A6F945 <96> 47< >@471AD@>4>9D7 6>F
" D719<6@97814=6
>36C4AA64@:;1>47<A@DA6@47<>36@6917D 1FDA6 GD@ 67347F6=67>" @9B;745 4?4@<6< 1"
*
+' ) >D?4@<1 =6<9F45 6JA67161 484971> =6<9F45 B9551 A@D<;F6<" 97F6
>36@691FD=A56>6@69=B;@16=67>
>36@6917D1FDA6GD@ 67347F6=67>"
" ) 341 4116116< <914B959>C DG F549=47> 4> N" %;>
>@9B;7454116116<G;7F>9D745<914B959>C4> N"7J")+) <914B959>CF6@>9G9F4>6
)3411A6F9G9F455C4116116<41GD55D?1
- 11 -
! " ! " !" #$ % !" #$ %& #
"' !$ ' ! ! " #
$
%
# %&'%
( ) # #
) #(*
" *
#
"
#+* #
, - .%
" .%
" /%
.% /
#
$
0 1( '2'%/.%3
0
!#
( 45670
#1
'&'#5*#
" <=9>>6<5C
F549=47> 34< 1;1>4976< 97:;@961 D7 391 @983>19<69"6"@983>G6=;@
@983>;57447<@983>@4<9;1"36@691 7D97:;@CD739156G>39A41A6@J"))?D;7<F6@>9G9F4>6D@41
- 12 -
A6@ 411611=67> DG ) 39=165G" 61A9>6 14=6
>36@6 91 411611=67> DG @61>@9F>9D7 DG =DE6=67> DG 56G> 39A" A4@> G@D= 14=6
>6@=9745 @61>@9F>9D7 DG =DE6=67> DG @983> 13D;5<6@ 91 7D>6<
4A4@> G@D= 13D@>67978 BC ' F=1" DG 5D11 DG 8@9A" D719<6@97814=6
364116116<N41?3D56BD<C<914B959>C"> 91 1667 >34> >36@6 91 7D <914B959>C 4116116< 97 @61A6F> DG 64F3 59=B
B;>D75C1;==4>9D7DG<914B959>C4>N"E67<;@978391 D@45 6E9<67F6
) 341 7D> 89E67 6JA5474>9D7 DGG6@6< GD@ 391 411611=67>" >@47865C
36341@69>6@4>6<FD7>67>1DGJ")+97 391 F@D11 6J4=974>9D7" 36@6GD@6
411611=67> DG <914B959>C BC ) ?D;5< @67<6@ 9>165G 1;1A9F9D;1 47< F4551 GD@ =D<6@4>9D7" 7<6@4BDE6F9@F;=1>47F61
411611=67>DGG;7F>9D745<914B959>C 4> NBC>@9B;745?D;5<4AA64@:;1>47<A@DA6@" +" D70B56 ;A@6=6 D;@> 97 F416 DG ( '
)' % * + +!" , % @6AD@>6<97-
.
(
341365<>34>G;>;@6A@D1A6F>1 341>DB64<<6<>D=D7>35C97FD=697F416DG16@9D;197:;@961 @61;5>97897HA6@=4767><914B959>C0" '!" 3D;83 564@76< FD;7165 GD@ F549=47> E636=67>5C 4@8;6< >34> 97 A@6167> F416 ?D;5< I;459GC
9> 91 1667 >34>
- 13 -
D70B56 ;A@6=6 D;@> 97 149< F416 ?41 FD719<6@978 F416 DG A4@4A56894 <;6 >D 4FF9<67>" > 451D 6J4=976< 16E6@45 D>36@ F4161 ?36@697 F549=47>1 34< 1;1>4976< A6@=4767> <914B959>C <;6 >D 4=A;>4>9D7 6>F"
" @6167> F416
97 =C E96? ?D;5< 7D> I;459GC 41 F416 DG 16@9D;1 97:;@961 97ED5E978 A6@=4767> <914B959>C"36@6GD@6
4<<9>9D7DGG;>;@6A@D1A6F>1?D;5<7D>B6 :;1>9G96<" ' " @9B;745341FD719<6@6<486DGF549=47>41*C64@1 47<4AA596<=;5>9A596@DGH 0"36@6GD@6
FD=A;>4>9D7DGG;>;@6 5D11DG97FD=69141GD55D?1 $1"
!J 'J &J NP1"
+
'! ) ''" @9B;745 4?4@<6< 1"'! !!! ) >D?4@<1 G;>;@6 =6<9F456JA67161"3D;83564@76<FD;7165GD@F549=47>1D;83> >D @65C ;AD7 411611=67> DG " 4> 1" " 4K31 >D?4@<1 G;>;@6 =6<9F45 6JA67161" > D;>16>
149< 411611=67> ?D;5< 4AA64@6JF6119E647<;71;B1>47>94>6<"=A547>917D>6< 4> D76 G@4F>;@6 19>6" D@=455C
>391 D;@> 4?4@<1 1"! !!! ) >D?4@<1 14=6" 36@6GD@6 14=6 91 4?4@<6<" 3;1 FD=A6714>9D791@6FD=A;>6<41;7<6@
- 14 -
" D11DG97FD=6<;@978>@64>=67>M3645978A6@9D<
) '" D?4@<14>>67<978F34@861 !! )
" A6F945<96>47<>@471AD@>4>9D76>F" !!! )
" 497
1;GG6@97847<4=679>961 ! !!! )
" 6<9F45B9551 *
+' ) *" (;>;@6=6<9F456JA67161 ! !!! )
" D11DGG;>;@6A@D1A6F>1
'" FFD@<9785C
AD97>1 GD@ FD719<6@4>9D7 4@6 471?6@6< A4@>5C974GG9@=4>9E6"D716I;67>5C
GD55D?978
$9& (D"'!+ '!'G956<BC71;@6@91 , $99& =A;876< :;<8=67> 47< 4?4@< <4>6< '"!"'!'A4116<BC<<9>9D745 679D@9E95 -;<86 47<
49F3;@ 97 7D"*!' '!'' 91=D<9G96<, $999& 549=47> 91 365< 67>9>56< GD@ @6<;F6< FD=A6714>9D7 DG 1"*
+
+' ) 41 484971>
- 15 -
1"
+
'+' ) ?9>3 97>6@61> 4> *N A"4"
G@D= <4>6DGF549=A6>9>9D7>955<6AD19>" $9E& =D;7> 97 <6AD19> 91 D@<6@6< >D B6 >@471=9>>6< >D@9B;745GD@<91B;@16=67>" $E& ( 7D"'!!!+ '!' G956< BC F549=47> 1>47<1
"
!0* (&&!) $
-
91>D" 5D"