Research › Search › Judgment
High Court of Karnataka · body
2025 DAILYLAW 64858 (KAR)
THE GENERAL MANAGER ORIENTAL INS. CO. LTD., v. RAMESH AND ORS
MFA/204290/2023 · 2025-11-19
H T Narendra Prasad, Tyagaraja N Inavally
body2025
[ 2025 DAILYLAW 64858 (KAR) · dailylaw.ai ]
[ 2025 DAILYLAW 64858 (KAR) · dailylaw.ai ]
Judgment text
Extracted from the PDF above. The PDF is authoritative.
- 1 -
!"#$
%! & '!%! & '!"'# " ! !%%
(#) *
!"
# $
% &
! %
" '
! "
() &
Digitally signed by BASALINGAPPA SHIVARAJ DHUTTARGAON Location: HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA
- 2 -
&!" *& &
$
) & &!" *& &
+ & &!" *& &
#(,(
( & &!" *& &
&!"
&
- 3 -
$ *&
&
#(,(
(
#$$
! --+(#
.(),$. +),(+"
'
! $/ ! / (
"
+!"
, $$ (++$$$
*
&
& 0
0
- 4 -
' !&0
"
123 455647 89:6; 6<=2>9 +!" >? =16 >=>; 612<763<=.,,!16;6294?=6;;6?6;;6:=>43@=16<=A?>;
31>;=" 143 B669 ?276: BC =16
938;49<6 >D549C <147769E29E =16 F8:ED69= 49: 4G4;: :4=6: , $$ 54336:BC=16;29<2547692>;2H278:E649:::7
2:4;29 > (++$$$ $ 4<=3 E2H29E ;236 => =16 ?2729E >? =16 455647 B;26?7C3=4=6:4;6=14=>9 ( $$$G169=16:6<6436: 4E631G43=;4H67729E2942=2I69;4H67B83B64;29E6E > --+( 43 4 <76496; 964; =16 >8=3J2;=3 >? 4166;4B4: =>G9 >9 -)( BC5433 ;>4: 4= 4B>8= &
=16 :;2H6; >? 49 31>J 6C749: 7>;;C B64;29E 6E > -,-$.=8;96:123H612<76=>=16;2E1=32:6 =>G4;:3 2:4; = =14= =2D6 =16 :;2H6; >? =16 B83 :;>H6 =16 B83 29 4 ;431 49: 96E72E69= D4996; 49: :4316:
4E4293= =16 31>J 6C749: 7>;;C 3 4 ;6387= =16 :26367 =49J>?=167>;;CB8;3=49:?2;6B;>J6>8=:86=>G12<1=16
- 5 -
?;>9=-32:6E7433>?=16B83G43314==6;6:49:=16:6<6436:
?677 >9=> =16 31>J 6C749: 7>;;C 49: 383=4296: 36H6;6 B8;9 29F8;263 16;64?=6; 16 G43 312?=6: => 3D4924 >352=47 4= C:6;4B4: G16;6 16 :26: :8;29E =;64=D69= :86=>36H6;6B8;929F8;263
16<742D49=3?276:456=2=2>989:6;6<=2>9)) >? =16 <= 366J29E <>D56934=2>9 ?>; =16 :64=1 >? =16 :6<6436:47>9EG2=129=6;63=
5>9 36;H2<6 >? 9>=2<6 ;635>9:69= > $ 45564;6: =1;>8E1 <>89367 49: ?276: G;2==69 3=4=6D69= :69C29E=164H6;D69=3D4:629=16<742D56=2=2>9 ( 9 =16 B4323 >? 5764:29E3 >? =16 54;=263 =16 742D3;2B8947?;4D6:=1623386349:=16;64?=6;;6<>;:6:
=16 6H2:69<6 16 ;2B8947 BC 2D58E96: F8:ED69= 49: 4G4;:14354;=7C477>G6:=16<742D56=2=2>949:167:=14= =16 <742D49=3 4;6 69=2=76: => 4 <>D56934=2>9 >? 3 ,)+$-47>9EG2=129=6;63=4==16;4=6>?.K5 4 49: :2;6<=6: ;635>9:69= > $
938;49<6 >D549C =>
- 6 -
:65>32= =16 <>D56934=2>9 4D>89= 47>9E G2=1 29=6;63= 629E4EE;26H6:=165;6369=455647143B669?276:BC=16 938;49<6>D549C ) 16764;96:<>89367?>;=16
938;49<6>D549C 143;4236:=16?>77>G29E<>9=69=2>93& 4" 2;3=7C =16 4<<2:69= 143 ><<8;;6: :86 => 96E72E69<6 >? :;2H6; >? 31>J 6C749: 7>;;C G1> :;>H6 =16 342:
H612<76 29 ;431 49: 96E72E69= D4996; 49: :4316: => =16 B83 16;2B89471436;;6:291>7:29E=14=:;2H6;>?=16 B83 G43 96E72E69= 29 <48329E =16 4<<2:69= 6 ?8;=16;
<>9=69:6:=14=?;>D56;8347>?35>=549<1494D4!L " 2=23H6;C<764;=14=:;2H6;>?7>;;C143473><>9=;2B8=6:=> =164<<2:69= 16;2B89471436;;6:291>7:29E=14=:;2H6; >?=16B8347>962396E72E69=29<48329E=164<<2:69= B" 6<>9:7C 16<>9=69:6:=14==16 D>9=17C 29<>D6>? =16 :6<6436: 4336336: BC =16 ;2B8947 23 >9 =16 12E16;
32:6 ==16=2D6>?4<<2:69==16:6<6436:G434B4<167>; 49:=16;2B8947293=64:>?:6:8<=29E(K>?=1629<>D6
- 7 -
=>G4;:356;3>9476L569363143:6:8<=6:;: 1634D6 23<>9=;4;C=>=16F8:ED69=>?=16>9AB7656L>8;=29 =16 <436 >? )
! + <" 12;:7C >9 455;6<24=2>9 >?
>;47 49: :><8D69=4;C 6H2:69<6 49: <>932:6;29E =16 4E6 49: 4H><4=2>9 >? =16 :6<6436: =16 >H6;477 <>D56934=2>9 4G4;:6: BC =16 ;2B8947 23 >9 =16 12E16; 32:6 49: =16 34D6 23 => B6 ;6:8<6: :" 43=7C 29 =16 72E1=>? =16 2H232>9 69<1 :6<232>9>? =123>8;=29=16<436>? !=16;4=6>? 29=6;63= 4G4;:6: BC =16 ;2B8947 4= .K 5 4 >9 =16 <>D56934=2>9 4D>89= 23 >9 =16 12E16; 32:6 2=1 =16 4B>H6<>9=69=2>93=16764;96:<>893673>8E1==>477>G=16 455647
- 8 -
+ 16 764;96: <>89367 ?>; =16 <742D49=3 143 ;4236:=16?>77>G29E<>9=69=2>93& 4" 2;3=7C =16 4<<2:69= 143 ><<8;;6: :86 => 96E72E69<6 >?:;2H6;>?=16B83 16:;2H6;G43:;2H29E=16B83>9=16 12E1G4C G2=1 12E1 3566: 49: 29 ;431 49: 96E72E69= D4996;49:<4D6=>=166L=;6D6;2E1=32:649::4316:=> =1631>J 6C749:7>;;C
DD6:24=67C4?=6;=164<<2:69= <>D57429= 143 B6697>:E6:4E4293= =16:;2H6;>? =16 B83 >72<6143;6E23=6;6:49
4E4293==16:;2H6;>?=16B83 49: =16 <742D49=3 14H6 6L4D296: $ =16 494E6; 29 2=2I69;4H673 6143<4=6E>;2<477C3=4=6:=14=:6<6436:
G43G>;J29E434<76496;49:E6==29E3474;C>?3 - 56; D>9=1 49: 3 - B4=4 56; :4C > :235;>H6 =16 6H2:69<6 >? =16 <742D49=3 ;635>9:69= > $ 143 9>= 6L4D296: 49C G2=9633 16 ;2B8947 <>932:6;29E =16 6H2:69<6>?=16<742D49=349::><8D69=4;C6H2:69<6143 ;2E1=7C493G6;6:23386> 29=164??2;D4=2H6
- 9 -
B" 9 ;6356<= >? M849=8D 16 <>9=69:6: =14= <>932:6;29E =16 4E6 49: 4H><4=2>9 >? =16 :6<6436: =16 >H6;477<>D56934=2>94G4;:6:BC=16;2B894723F83=49: ;643>94B7649:3>8E1=?>;:23D23347>?=16455647 , 64;: =16 764;96: <>89367 ?>; =16 54;=263 49: 56;836:=16F8:ED69=49:4G4;:>?=16;2B8947 . 16 <436 >? =16 <742D49=3 23 =14= >9 ( $$$=16:6<6436:G43=;4H6729E29=16B83B64;29E 6E > --+( 43 4 <76496; 16 342: B83 G43 <>D29E?;>D 8DB42=>C:6;4B4:4==14==2D64=4B>8= & =16:;2H6;>?=16B83G43:;2H29E=16B8329;431 49:96E72E69=D4996;49:2912E13566:49::4316:=>=16 31>J 6C749: 7>;;C 86 => =16 4<<2:69= =16 :6<6436: 383=4296:E;26H>8329F8;26349:38<<8DB6:=>=1629F8;263 >9 =16 34D6 :4C > :235;>H6 =16 34D6 =16 <742D49=3 14H66L4D296:=16<742D49=> 43 9:6; =16 >=>; 612<763 <= 29 =16 <742D 56=2=2>9B6?>;6=16742D3;2B8947=163=49:4;:>?5;>>?23
- 10 -
D8<1 B67>G =149 G14= 23 ;6M82;6: 29 4 <;2D2947 <436 43 G677 43 29 =16 <2H27 <436 > :>8B= B6?>;6 =16 ;2B8947 =16;6 D83= B6 3>D6 D4=6;247 >9 =16 B4323 >? G12<1 =16 ;2B8947 <49 4;;2H6 >; :6<2:6 =129E3 96<6334;C => :6<2:6 ?>; 4G4;:29E <>D56934=2>9 B8= =16 ;2B8947 23 9>= 6L56<=6:=>=4J6>;=>4:>5=492<6=C>?4<2H27>;<;2D2947 <436 ?=6; 477 2= 23 4 38DD4;C 69M82;C 49: 2= 23 =16 76E2374=2>9?>;=16G67?4;6>?=16><26=C 165;><66:29E3 89:6; =16 >=>; 612<763 <= 4;6 9>= 4J29 => =16 5;><66:29E3 89:6; <2H27 ;8763 69<6 3=;2<= ;8763 >?
6H2:69<64;69>=;6M82;6:=>B6?>77>G6:29=123;6E4;:
9 =16<436>?"#$%&'(#)*%+ ,% -
. /!=16>9AB76 56L>8;= 143 167:4316;629B67>G& 0 ) *# ! 1 * 2%%#*311' #%4 +3 3 5+ 1 65*# 1 1 1 37*1%#"1 61 *! 13'! 1
- 11 -
5'#81*'" 1 " " 1 ! % ! %# 13" "#" 3 **1%#61*1 # # 1 1 ' 1 #%*"152%5+165*#
1 *1
55#+ #+ 1 5+ 5# *5 *# 1' 5 #9 29 123 6H2:69<6 143 ;62=6;4=6: =16 3=4=6D69= D4:6 29 =16 <742D 56=2=2>9
DD6:24=67C 4?=6;
=16 4<<2:69= =16C 14H6 7>:E6: 4 <>D57429= 43 56; L $ 49: 49
143 B669;6E23=6;6:4E4293==16 :;2H6; >? =16 B83 165>72<6<>9:8<=6:35>=549<1494D4!L " C H6;2?C29E =16 ;6<>;:3 49:
;65>;= !L +" 2= 23 H6;C <764;=14=:;2H6;>?=16B83G435;><66:29E29412E13566:
49: 29 96E72E69= D4996; 49: <4D6 => =16 6L=;6D6 ;2E1= 32:6 49: :4316: 4E4293= =16 7>;;C > :235;>H6 =16 6H2:69<6 >? =16
938;49<6 >D549C 962=16; 6L4D296:=16:;2H6;>?=16B839>;=16:;2H6;>?=167>;;C
- 12 -
>932:6;29E =16 6H2:69<6 >? <>D57429= 35>= 549<1494D449: ;65>;==16;2B8947143;2E1=7C167:
=14= :;2H6; >? =16 B83 G43 96E72E69= 29 <48329E =16 4<<2:69= $
9;6356<=>?M849=8D=16;2B8947<>932:6;29E =16 6H2:69<6 >? 54;=263 143 ;2E1=7C 4336336: =16 D>9=17C 29<>D6 >? =16 :6<6436: 4= 3 +(- = =16 =2D6 >? 4<<2:69= 16 G43 4 B4<167>; =16 ;2B8947 293=64: >? :6:8<=29E(K>?=1629<>D6>?=16:6<6436:?>;56;3>947 6L569363G;>9E7C:6:8<=6:;: 1634D623<>9=;4;C =>=1674G742::>G9BC=16>9AB7656L>8;=29=16<436 >?!385;4" 69<6(K>?=1629<>D623=> B6:6:8<=6: =>G4;:356;3>947 6L569363 >? =16:6<6436: 16;2B8947143;2E1=7C4::6:K>?=1629<>D6>?=16 :6<6436: =>G4;:3 ?8=8;6 5;>356<=3 G12<1 4D>89=3 => 3 $)(-!+(N(." 16 45572<4B76 D87=25726; => =16 4E6 E;>85 >? $ C64;3 23 @,A <<>;:29E7C 7>33 >? :6569:69<C 143 B669 ;64336336: 4= 3 $$$- !3 $)(L$L,L(K"
- 13 -
9 ;6356<= >? >=16; 164:3 =16 <>D56934=2>9 4G4;:6:BC=16;2B894723F83=49:;643>94B7649::>63 9>=;6M82;629=6;?6;69<6 183=16<742D49=34;669=2=76:=>=16?>77>G29E <>D56934=2>9& >D56934=2>989:6; :2??6;69=64:3 D>89=29 !3 " >33>?:6569:69<C $$$ 896;476L569363 ( >33>?63=4=6 ( >33>?27247<>93>;=28D , ,-. $$
(
9=16;6387==16?>77>G29E>;:6;2354336:&
1645564723##3 B" 16F8:ED69=>?=16742D3;2B894723D>:2?26: <" 16<742D49=34;669=2=76:=>4=>=47<>D56934=2>9>? 3 $$- 43 4E4293= 3 ,)+$- 4G4;:6: BC=16;2B8947
- 14 -
:" >77>G29E=16F8:ED69=>?=162H232>969<1>?=123 >8;= 29 =16 <436 >? ! !385;4" <>D56934=2>9 31477 <4;;C 29=6;63= 4= =16 ;4=6 >? )K 56;4998D 6" 16
938;49<6 >D549C 23 :2;6<=6: => :65>32= =16 <>D56934=2>94D>89=47>9EG2=129=6;63=4=)K5 4 ?;>D =16 :4=6 >? ?2729E >? =16 <742D 56=2=2>9 =277 =16 :4=6>?;6472I4=2>9G2=129456;2>:>?32LG66J3?;>D =16:4=6>?;6<625=>?4<>5C>?=123F8:ED69= ?" 16 455>;=2>9D69= :65>32= 49: ;676436 >? 4D>89= 31477 B6 D4:6 29 4<<>;:49<6 G2=1 =16 =6;D3 >?
=16 4G4;:>?=16;2B8947 E" D>89= 29 :65>32= 23 :2;6<=6: => B6 =;493D2==6: => =16;2B8947
!/0 (%!) '
!/0 ("'# ") '
23=> &7> &$+