- 1 - !" #$% %% &!' ( ! " # ! $ %% & ' ( %% % ) " " ! & * + !,"' Digitally signed by SUMITRA SHERIGAR Location: HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA - 2 - " % %% % % !" & *** + !,"' + ** ** %% %- "!!"!."!" !" % / $ % & * +0 !"!" . "%' * * ,+&' * % *% "+!"!" % % " "!"+ %% * 1 % $ &% 1 % ' 234566758349387:5;53<4==27>?:;@7<=5<:5A5B: :5=7: "+!"!" 65447: CD =27 %B3<E3658 7<3FB 3G38 ?:;7.5<: ::3=3F<58 3:5B 3<F" F9"!"+ - 3 - "<75<5B:25< 7::D4 F3::5B7::D@7=A3=25< 5EE3:7<= F< "!"!"! 5<: 4?4=53<7: ;B37GF?4 3<>?B374 5<:4?EE?@C7:=F=2745@727B79FB7234A3975<:4F< 9387: 5 E853@ 67=3=3F< C79FB7 =27 B3C?<58 E853@3<; EF@67<45=3F<F9 4,)+!!!! A3=23<=7B74=5="H65 27 B3C?<58 EF<43:7B3<; =27 7<=3B7 7G3:7<E7 F< B7EFB: ;B5<=7: EF@67<45=3F< F9 4"))" A3=2 3<=7B74= 5= H 65 9BF@ =27 :5=7 F9 67=3=3F< =388 B758345=3F< 5<: :3B7E=7: B746F<:7<= F+<4?B5<E7 F@65<D =F :76F43= =2745@7 + ;;B37G7:CD=27453:>?:;@7<=5<:5A5B:=27 E853@5<=2546B797BB7:=2345667583<A23E23=34EF<=7<:7: =25==27:7E7547:A54:F3<;I3B5<5C?43<7445<:75B<3<; F+!!!! 67B @F<=2 C?= =27 B3C?<58 254 =5I7< 234 3<EF@7 F<8D 5= 4"!!! 67B @F<=2 27 5@F?<=4 5A5B:7:?<:7BF=27B275:45B7@75;B7<=7B74=5A5B:7: CD=27B3C?<5834F<=278FA7B43:727B79FB7B7J?74=7: 9FB7<25<E7@7<=F9EF@67<45=3F< 75B:=275B;?@7<=4F9CF=243:74 - 4 - 2F?;2=275667885<=44=5=7:=25==27:7E7547: A54 75B<3<; 4+!!!! 67B @F<=2 =27D 25G7 <F= 6BF:?E7:5<D3<EF@76BFF927B79FB754=275EE3:7<=34 F9 =27 D75B"!"!54 67B =27 ;?3:783<74 F9=27 5B<5=5I5 =5=77;587BG3E74 ?=2FB3=D=27<F=3F<583<EF@7F9=27 :7E7547: 34 =F C7 =5I7< 5= 4+,! 67B @F<=2 27 B3C?<58 254 =5I7< =27 5;7 F9 =27 :7E7547: 54 , D75B4 5<: 254 B3;2=8D =5I7< =27 @?8=36837B F9 + 4 67B =27 :7E343F<F9=27F<KC87F<KC87 67LF?B=3<=27E547F9 EF<43:7B3<;=275;7F9=27:7E7547:"HF9=27 3<EF@734=FC75::7:=FA5B:49?=?B76BF467E=4 4 =27B7 5B7=AF:767<:7<=4=27B3C?<58254:7:?E=7: +B:F9=27 3<EF@7=FA5B:467B4F<587L67<474F9=27:7E7547:A23E2 <77:4<F3<=7B97B7<E72?4=278F44F9:767<:7<EDAF?8: C7 4+,! M "H N 4, L " L + L " + N 4, ," ' 1 (2017) 16 SCC 680 - 5 - ) *?B=27B 54 67B =27 ;?3:783<74 F9 =27 F<KC87 67L F?B= 3< ! "" 5<: # $ % & $ '" 5667885<=FA397347<=3=87:9FB 4!!! =FA5B:48F44 F9 46F?458 EF<4FB=3?@ 5<: 5667885<= F"4F< 34 7<=3=87: 9FB 4!!! =FA5B:48F44F965B7<=58EF<4FB=3?@ , 27D 5B7 584F 7<=3=87: 9FB 5< 5@F?<= F9 4++!!! ?<:7B =27 EF<G7<=3F<58 275:4 37 8F44 F9 74=5=75<:9?<7B587L67<4745467B=27E3=5=3F<3<=27E547 F9 275667885<=425G73<E?BB7:@7:3E587L67<474 =F 5< 7L=7<= F9 4!)" :?B3<; =27 8397=3@7 F9 =27 :7E7547:5<:=27B3C?<582545A5B:7:=27453:5@F?<= A23E2<77:4<F3<=7B97B7<E7 2 (2018) 18 SCC 130 3 (2020) 9 SCC 644 - 6 - 7<E7 =27 EF@67<45=3F< 34 B75447447: 54 ?<:7B F44F9:767<:7<ED 4, ," F44F9EF<4FB=3?@ 4 !!! F<G7<=3F<58275:4 4++!!! 7:3E587L67<474 4!)" F=58 7445A5B:7:CD=27B3C?<58 4"" ! 4"))" )*+),-.,/0-)1+23) 1 " 4" 5 27 <4?B5<E7 F@65<D 254 58B75:D :76F43=7: =27 5@F?<=5A5B:7:CD=27B3C?<582?4=275667885<=45B7 7<=3=87:9FB7<25<E7:EF@67<45=3F<F9 4", " A3=2 3<=7B74=5=)H659BF@=27:5=7F967=3=3F<=388B7583O5=3F< 5<:=27B79FB7=27566758:747BG74=FC7588FA7:3<65B= ! <=27B74?8==279F88FA3<;FB:7B3465447: &3' 2756675834588FA7:3<65B= &33' 27 5667885<= 34 7<=3=87: 9FB 7<25<E7: EF@67<45=3F< F9 4", " 58F<; A3=2 3<=7B74= 5=)H 659BF@=27:5=7F967=3=3F<=388B7583O5=3F< - 7 - &333' 746F<:7<= F+<4?B5<E7 F@65<D 34 :3B7E=7: =F :76F43= =27 59FB7453: EF@67<45=3F< 5@F?<= A3=23<F<7@F<=29BF@=27:5=7F9=234>?:;@7<= &3G' < 4?E2 :76F43= 5667885<= FA397 58F<7 34 67B@3==7: =F A3=2:B5A =27 7<=3B7 5@F?<= 58F<; A3=2 3<=7B74=5EEB?7:F<3= 75B<7:EF?<4789FBB746F<:7<=F+3467B@3==7:=F 9387G5I585=2A3=23<=AFA77I4 1.5 &%' $ 34=F8F,