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High Court of Karnataka · body

2025 DAILYLAW 58138 (KAR)

THE DIVISIONAL MANAGER v. BAYADA AND ORS

MFA/202424/2023 · 2025-07-29

H P Sandesh, T M Nadaf

body2025

Judgment text

Extracted from the PDF above. The PDF is authoritative.

- 1 - ! " # $!# $! ## %&' ( !"# ! $ !"% ! &! ! &'!()*+, Digitally signed by SACHIN Location: HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA - 2 - - !"% ! ! &! ! ("",$ " !-$ ! ! &! ! ."-$, ("",$ ) $ ()*,,,% $/ -/ " #- -,$,$- ,+"$,% & ! ! 0 0 - 3 - ! ! 0 1234 561 277188295:; <=>9;18 294 28;= 561 <=>9;18 277123?9@A=356131;7=94195; $ 6?; B?;<188291=>; A?3;5 277128 ?; A?814 <628819@?9@ 561 C>4@B195 294 2D234 72;;14 ?9 =,+"$,% 42514 -,$,$- =9 561 A?81 =A 44?5?=928 19?=3 ?E?8 >4@1 294 . ?C2F27>32 61A2<5>28B253?G=A561<2;1=A561<82?B295;H1A=31561 3?H>928 D6?81 ;11I?9@ 561 <=B719;25?=9 5625 =9 %$$,# 25 2H=>5 #!-, 2B D619 561 41<12;14 D2; 73=<114?9@ =9 6?; B=5=3<F<81 H123?9@ 31@?;5325?=9 = .-.$,%$ =9 6242B=4?. 62B@2E 3=24 2 532<5=3 H123?9@ 31@?;5325?=9 = .$-.$,"+ <2B1 A3=B =77=;?51 4?31<5?=9 25 6?@6 ;7114 294 42;614 2@2?9;5 561 B=5=3<F<81>15=561?B72<5561B=5=3<F<8?;5;>;52?914 A2528?9C>3?1;2944?14=9561D2F5=6=;7?528<3?B?928 <2;1D2;28;=31@?;513142@2?9;556143?E13=A561532<5=3?9 - 4 - 3?B1 =%*$,#2945617=8?<162E128;=?9E1;5?@2514 561B25513294A?814<623@1.;61152@2?9;556143?E13 - 61B2?9<=95195?=9=A561<82?B295;H1A=31561 3?H>928?;562556141<12;14D2;;13E?9@25412188>823 ?B?514 >91 >9413 561 <=9532<5=3 ( 3?=9 1<>3?5F =8>5?=9; E5 54 294 61 D2; 1239?9@ 2 ;>B =A ;#+-*.713B=9565?;28;=561<2;1=A561<82?B295; 5625 561 41<12;14 D2; 2@14 2H=>5 $) F123; 294 561 <82?B295;231561417194295;=9561?9<=B1=A;=81H3124 1239?9@B1BH13=A561A2B?8F?156141<12;14294561F D131 A>88F 417194195 =9 6?B 19<1 <82?B?9@ 561 <=B719;25?=9 " 1;7=94195 = ?; 561 =D913 =A 561 532<5=331;7=94195 =$?;561?9;>313=A561;2?4E16?<81 29431;7=94195 =-?;561=D91329431;7=94195 ="?; 561?9;>313=A561B=5=3<F<81 ) 1;7=94195 =62;419?14561195?31<2;1=A 561<82?B295;294<=95194145625561532<5=3D2;?9;>314 - 5 - D?56561$9431;7=94195294?A29F8?2H?8?5F=>@655=62E1 H119 =9 561 $94 31;7=94195 . ?9;>329<1 <=B729F D6= ?; 8?2H815=72F561<=B719;25?=9 + 61 $94 31;7=94195 ?1 561 277188295 6131?9 62;A?814561D3?5519;5251B195<=95194?9@562556131?;9= 5133?5=3?28C>3?;4?<5?=929428;=562556141<12;14;>;52?914 ?9C>3?1;4>15=6?;=D991@8?@19<12944>15=56132;6294 91@8?@19543?E?9@=A56143?E13=A>9I9=D9E16?<81>5561 <82?B295; HF <=88>4?9@ D?56 561 =D913 294 43?E13 =A 561 532<5=3294D?591;;1;@=531@?;513142A28;1<2;12@2?9;5 56143?E13=A561532<5=32A513,42F;=A5612<<?41955?; <=95194145625561532<5=3D2;9=5?9E=8E14?95612<<?4195 294 561 43?E13 =A 561 532<5=3 D2; 9=5 6=84?9@ E28?4 294 1AA1<5?E143?E?9@8?<19;1294619<1561<82?BB241HF561 <82?B295;?;1G=3H?5295294D?56=>529FH2;?; # 61 <82?B295; ?9 =3413 5= 73=E1 561 <82?B 1G2B?914 =91 =A 561 <82?B295 2; . 294 =91 1F1 D?591;; 2; .$ 294 @=5 B23I14 4=<>B195; 2; G 5= - 6 - G% 9 561 =5613 6294 31;7=94195; 28;= 1G2B?914 5D=D?591;;1;2;.294.$294B23I14561<=7F=A 561?9;>329<17=8?<F2;G * 61 3?H>928 2A513 62E?9@ <=9;?41314 H=56 =328 294 4=<>B19523F 1E?419<1 2E2?82H81 =9 31<=34 288=D14 561 <82?B 715?5?=9 294 @329514 <=B719;25?=9 =A ;$*$$,%+.D?56+J?95131;5713299>B613?H>928 A2;51914 561 8?2H?8?5F =9 561 ?9;>329<1 <=B729F ?1 561 277188295 6131?9 5= 72F 561 <=B719;25?=9 2B=>95 294 619<1561731;195277128?;A?814H1A=3156?;=>35 % 61 B2?9 <=95195?=9 =A 561 <=>9;18 277123?9@ A=3561277188295?;562556131D2;24182F=A,42F;?9 A?8?9@ 561 <=B782?95 294 28;= <=95194145625 561 2<<?4195 D2;=<<>3314=9%$$,#25#!-,2B294561;2B1 D2; =<<>3314 ?9 561 1238F B=39?9@ 9 $%$$,# 25 ,!$+ 2B <=B782?95 D2; A?814 61 ( G ;6=D; 5625 =91 282;261H 242;6?E 26?325 62; ;119 561 2<<?4195H>56162;9=5H1191G2B?914HF561<82?B295; - 7 - 5= 73=E1 561 ?9E=8E1B195 =A 561 =AA194?9@ 532<5=3 ?9 561 ;2?4?9<?4195 , 61<=>9;1828;=;>HB?5;56255613?H>92862; 8=;5;?51=9561A2<55625G-2.561;5251B195=A=91 32I2;6 2B2<629432 282E? D6?<6 ;6=D; 5625 =9 %$$,#252H=>5#!,,2BD61961D2;?9 62B@2E E?882@1 61 <2B1 5= I9=D A3=B ;=B1 71=781 5625 =91 B=5=3<F<8?;5 4?14?9 2<<?4195 294 ?BB14?2518F 61 3>;614 5= 561 ;7=5 294 A=>94 5625 561 41<12;14 4?14 ?9 561 2<<?4195 H>5 61 62; 9=5 ;52514 561 ?9E=8E1B195 =A 561 532<5=3 ?9 561 ;2?4 ?9<?4195 ;713561 ;5251B195 =A 561 ?9A=3B13 25 G-2 561 41<12;14 D2; 42;614 5= 6?; B=5=3<F<81HF29>9I9=D9E16?<81294;>;52?914?9C>3?1; 61 ;2B1 D2; 9=5 52I19 9=51 HF 561 3?H>928 D6?81 <=9;?413?9@561B2513?28=931<=34 61 <=>9;18 28;= E161B1958F <=9519414 5625?5 ?; 9=5 H3=>@65 =9 31<=34 5625 6=D 561 =AA194?9@ 532<5=3 D2;532<144B?55148F2;7135611E?419<1=A.$561 - 8 - 1F1D?591;;5=5612<<?4195D6=62;417=;145625D61961 D2; ;5294?9@ HF 561 ;?41 =A 561 3=24 9123 512 ;6=7 561 41<12;14 <2B1 =9 B=5=3<F<81 ?9 A3=95 =A 6182I1 >@23<291 <>55?9@ B2<6?91 =A 2B@2E E?882@1 25 5625 5?B1 561 532<5=3 D6?<6 <2B1 A3=B =77=;?51 4?31<5?=9 25 6?@6 ;7114 42;614 2@2?9;5 561 B=5=3<F<8?;5 294 2; 2 31;>852<<?4195D2;=<<>331461=AA194?9@532<5=3D2; ;1?K14 =9 $#$$,# 2; 713 G* 294 56131 ?; 9= B195?=9=A56192B1=A.$D6=62;?4195?A?14561;2?4 532<5=35?;<=95195145625.$D6=62;H1191G2B?914 62;9=58=4@1429F<=B782?95D?565617=8?<1 $ 61 <=>9;18 A>35613 <=9519414 5625 561 E16?<81 D2;A28;18F?B78?<2514?9561<2;1HFA32>4A=35617>37=;1 =A<82?B?9@<=B719;25?=9294619<15613?H>928A2;51914 561 8?2H?8?5F =9 561 $94 31;7=94195 61 <=>9;18 28;= E161B1958F <=9519414 5625 1E19 D619 5D= E16?<81; 231 ?9E=8E14?95612<<?41955613?H>928=>@655=62E152I19 9=51 =A 561 91@8?@19<1 =9 561 7235 =A 561 41<12;14 D6= D195 294 42;614 2@2?9;5 561 532<5=3 294 561 ;2B1 D2; - 9 - 28;=9=5<=9;?41314294619<1?531L>?31;?9513A1319<1=A 56?;=>35 - 561 <=>9;18 277123?9@ A=3 561 <82?B295; <=9519414 5625 56=>@6 561 ?9;>329<1 <=B729F 5==I 561 <=95195?=9 5625 561 532<5=3 D2; 9=5 ?9E=8E14 ?9 5612<<?4195294561A2<556257=8?<162E1?9E1;5?@2514561 B25513 ;1?K14 561 E16?<81 294 A?814 <623@1.;6115 ?; 9=5 <628819@14 7235 A3=B 5625 561 <=>9;18 D=>84 E161B1958F <=95194 5625 561 ?9;>329<1 <=B729F 62; 9=5 <=94><514 29F 73?E251 ?9E1;5?@25?=9 294 561?3 =98F <=95195?=9 ?; 5625 561 532<5=3 D2; 9=5 ?9E=8E14 ?9 561 2<<?4195?5631@2345=561A28;1?B78?<25?=9?;<=9<13914 9=91 =A 561 D?591;;1; 62E1 H119 1G2B?914 D6= 62E1 D?591;;14 5625 561 532<5=3 D2; 9=5 ?9E=8E14 ?9 561 2<<?4195 61 53?28 =>35 62; 28;= 9=5 52I19 9=51 =A 561 ;2?4 A2<5 ?95= <=9;?41325?=9 294 62; 3?@658F <=B1 5= 561 <=9<8>;?=95625561532<5=3D2;?9E=8E14?95612<<?41955 ?;9=5?94?;7>515625561532<5=3D2;?9;>314255615?B1=A 5612<<?419529456131D2;2E28?47=8?<F - 10 - " 2E?9@ 61234 561 277188295:; <=>9;18 561 <=>9;18277123?9@A=356131;7=94195;29428;==9713>;28 =A561B2513?282E2?82H81=931<=345617=?95;5625D=>84 23?;1A=3<=9;?41325?=9231! ? 615613 561 3?H>928 <=BB?5514 29 133=3 ?9 72;;?9@8?2H?8?5F=9561?9;>329<1<=B729FM ?? 6156135613?H>928<=BB?551429133=3?99=5 52I?9@561<=953?H>5=3F91@8?@19<12;<=9519414 HF 561 277188295:; <=>9;18 294 D615613 ?5 31L>?31;?9513A1319<1M ??? 625=3413M #)*+,%)'-*.%))' ) 2E?9@ 61234 561 277188295:; <=>9;18 294 561 B2?9 <=95195?=9 =A 561 <=>9;18 5625 561 532<5=3 D2; 9=5 ?9E=8E14?95612<<?4195561A2<5562556131D2;24182F?9 8=4@?9@561<=B782?95?;9=5?94?;7>515?;5=H19=514 5625 561 41<12;14 624 ;>;52?914 ;1E131 ?9C>3?1; 294 61 D2; ;6?A514 5= 561 6=;7?528 H>5 61 ;><<>BH14 5= 561 ?9C>3?1;9=34135=73=E1561<=95195?=9562556131D2; - 11 - A32>4?9?9E=8E?9@561532<5=39=56?9@?;18?<?514A3=B561 B=>56=A.$;?9<1.$417=;1;H1A=31561=>355625 61 D2; 9123HF 561 512.;6=7 294 D?591;;14 561 2<<?4195 294 61 62; <251@=3?<288F 417=;14 5625 561 43?E13 =A 561 532<5=342;6142@2?9;5561B=5=3<F<815?;28;=?B7=35295 5=9=515625?9561<6?1A.1G2B?925?=9.$<251@=3?<288F 417=;1;561B29913?9D6?<65612<<?4195D2;52I19782<1 294 1E19 61 62; @?E19 1E?419<1 D?56 31@234 5= 561 E?<?9?5F =A 561 2<<?4195 1G782?9?9@ 561 782<1 =A 2<<?4195 G<175 B2I?9@ 561 ;>@@1;5?=9 5625 561 532<5=3 D2; 9=5 ?9E=8E14?95612<<?41959=56?9@?;18?<?514A3=B561B=>56 =A .$ = 4=>H5 . 24B?5; 5625 61 D2; 9=5 29 1F1.D?591;; + 5?;561;71<?A?<<2;15625.$624;119H=56 561E16?<81;?1B=5=3<F<81294532<5=3162;417=;14 5625 ?BB14?2518F 2A513 561 2<<?4195 7>H8?< 624 28;= @25613149123561;7=529461D2;28;=5613125561;7=5 A=3;=B15?B12E?9@D?591;;145612<<?4195619=5?<14 5625 561 ?9C>314 D2; 6?; E?882@13 294 ?BB14?2518F 61 - 12 - ;6?A514 561 ?9C>314 5= 561 @=E139B195 6=;7?528 294 561 4?;529<1H15D119561@=E139B1956=;7?5285=5612<<?4195 ;7=5?;)5=$,I?8=B1513;D6131?953125B195D2;@?E19 5=561?9C>3142942A51324B?55?9@6?B5=5616=;7?52861 81A5561782<1 =4=>H5.$62;417=;1456256162; 9=5@?E1929F?95?B25?=95=5617=8?<1H>561<251@=3?<288F ;2F; 5625 61 62; @?E19 ?95?B25?=9 5= 561 H3=5613 =A 561 ?9C>314?1=91 3256?;62294.;2F;562561<2B1 5= I9=D 2H=>5 561 2<<?4195 563=>@6 6?B =98F H>5 561 7=8?<16249=5?9L>?3146?B5?;28;=6?;1E?419<15625 561 532<5=3 43?E13 D2; 25 561 ;7=5 2A513 561 2<<?4195 294 561312A513 61 81A5 561 782<1 294 61 624 28;= ;119 561 43?E13=A561532<5=3H>5614?49=59=5?<156131@?;5325?=9 9>BH13=A561532<5=3>5561A2<5?;56255617=8?<1D619 <=94><514 561 ?9E1;5?@25?=9 ?9E=I14 =AA19<1; >9413 1<5?=9;-"*"294##=A561 =5=316?<81;<5;?9<1 561 713;=9 D6= <2>;14 561 2<<?4195 4?4 9=5 ?9A=3B 561 ;2B15=5617=8?<161A2<55625561<623@1.;6115?;A?814 A=3561;2?4=AA19<1;?;28;=9=54?;7>514 - 13 - # 613?H>92828;=D6?81<=9;?413?9@561B2513?28 =9 31<=34 62; 52I19 9=51 =A 561 A2<5 294 4?;<>;;14 ?9 7232@3276 =$$5625561D?591;;D6=62;H1191G2B?914 H1A=3156153?28=>35=9H1628A=A561?9;>329<1<=B729F 62;<251@=3?<288F24B?55145625561?9;>329<1<=B729F62; 9=5 <=94><514 29F 73?E251 ?9E1;5?@25?=9 294 1E19 9=5 L>1;5?=914 561 <623@1.;6115 D6?<6 ?; A?814 2@2?9;5 561 43?E13 =A 561 532<5=3 294 27235 A3=B 5625 ?5 ?; 24B?5514 5625?9;>329<17=8?<FD2;?9A=3<1 * 5 ?; 28;= ?B7=35295 5= 9=51 5625 .$ 62; 2;;135145625532?8132552<6145=561532<5=3D2;28;=A=>94 28=9@ D?56 561 532<5=3 294 561 ;2?4 532?813 D2; 1B75F 25 5615?B1=A5612<<?4195.$62;9=5=98F92332514561 2<<?4195H>5 28;= 92332514561 B29913 ?9 D6?<6 2<<?4195 D2; 52I19 782<1 294 28;= 561 ;>33=>94?9@ 2312 61 ?9;>329<1 <=B729F 1G<175 52I?9@ 561 41A19<1 5625 561 E16?<81D2;9=5?9E=8E14?95612<<?41959=56?9@?;18?<?514 A3=B 561 B=>56 =A .$ 5= <=B1 5= =5613 <=9<8>;?=9 619 ;><6 H1?9@ 561 <2;1 561 E13F <=95195?=9 =A 561 - 14 - <=>9;18 277123?9@ A=3 561 ?9;>329<1 <=B729F ?1 561 2771882956131?9<299=5H12<<17514?95612H;19<1=A29F <=@195 1E?419<1 5= <=B1 5= 2 <=9<8>;?=9 5625 A32>4 D2; 782F14?9?B78?<25?9@561E16?<81 % 61 =5613 <=95195?=9 =A 561 <=>9;18 277123?9@ A=3561277188295?;5625G#( 317=35=A561532<5=3 D6?<6 ?; 73=4><14 H1A=31 561 =>35 4= 9=5 4?;<8=;1 29F56?9@ 2H=>5 42B2@1; <2>;14 5= 561 E16?<81 294 561 E16?<81 D2; ;1?K14 2A513 8=4@?9@ 561 <=B782?95 2A513 , 42F;619;><6H1?9@561<2;1561=>35<299=51G71<5 29F42B2@1;=9561612EFE16?<81?1561532<5=3294561 317=35 =A 561 B=5=3<F<81 4?;<8=;1; 5625 561 42B2@1; D2; <2>;14 5= 561 A3=95 7=35?=9 =A 561 E16?<81 294 27235 A3=B 5625 ?5 ?; 561 <=95195?=9 5625 561 3?413 =A 561 B=5=3<F<81 6?B;18A D195 294 42;614 2@2?9;5 561 532<5=3 9 =3413 5= ;>H;5295?251 561 ;2?4 <=95195?=9 9=56?9@ ?; 782<14 =9 31<=34 61 ;. 294 $ D6= 62E1 H119 1G2B?914H1A=31561=>3562E1<251@=3?<288F24B?5;5625 561F 62E1 9=5 <=94><514 29F 73?E251 ?9E1;5?@25?=9 294 - 15 - 27235A3=B5625561;I15<64?;<8=;1;5625561532<5=3D195 29442;6142@2?9;5561B=5=3<F<8195612H;19<1=A29F 29;D1318?<?514A3=B561B=>56=A.$56252<<?4195D2; =<<>3314 =9 561 91@8?@19<1 =9 561 7235 =A 561 41<12;14 9=56?9@?; ;>@@1;5145= .$56252<<?4195 D2;=<<>3314 4>1 5= 561 91@8?@19<1 =9 561 7235 =A 561 3?413 =A 561 B=5=3<F<81 61 E13F <=95195?=9 5625 5D= E16?<81; 231 ?9E=8E14294619<15613?H>928=>@655=62E1<=9;?41314 <=953?H>5=3F 91@8?@19<1 <299=5 H1 2<<17514 ?9 561 2H;19<1 =A =328 294 4=<>B19523F 1E?419<1 2; 5= 561 91@8?@19<1=A56141<12;14 $, 619;><6H1?9@561<2;1D14=9=5A?9429F 133=3 =9 7235 =A561 3?H>928 ?9 <=B?9@ 5= 561 <=9<8>;?=9 5625 561 532<5=3 D2; ?9E=8E14 ?9 561 2<<?4195 294 62; 3?@658F2<<175145611E?419<1=A.$29456131?;9=29F B2513?28 D?56 31@234 5= A28;1 ?B78?<25?=9 2; D188 2; 91@8?@19<1=95617235=A56141<12;142;<=9519414HF 561277188295:;<=>9;1819<1D129;D13H=565617=?95; ?991@25?E119<156131?;9=B13?5?956?;277128 - 16 - $ 9E?1D=A5614?;<>;;?=9;B2412H=E1D172;; 561A=88=D?9@! ? 61277128?; ?? 611@?;53F?;4?31<5145=5329;B?5561 2B=>95 ?A 29F 417=;?514 H1A=31 56?; =>355=5613?H>92828=9@D?5656153?28 =>3531<=34;A=356D?56 ./ %#' ! ./ %' ! ?;5 =!8 =!", !