- 1 - HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:27636 CRL.P No. 7754 of 2024 IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA AT BENGALURU DATED THIS THE 22ND DAY OF JULY, 2025 BEFORE THE HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE S.R.KRISHNA KUMAR CRIMINAL PETITION NO. 7754 OF 2024 BETWEEN: AXIS BANK LIMITED, MEGA WHOLESALE BANKING CENTRE, BENGALURU – 560 001, REPRESENTED BY ITS AUTHORIZED SIGNATORY M.S.RAMESH. …PETITIONER (BY SRI. AAKASH SHERWAL, ADVOCATE FOR SMT. POORNIMA HATTI, ADVOCATE) AND: 1. STATE OF KARNATAKA, THROUGH INSPECTOR OF POLICE, KUMARASWAMY LAYOUT POLICE STATION, SOUTH DIVISION, BENGALURU CITY - 560 078. (TRANSFERRED FROM SHANKARAPURAM POLICE STATION, BENGALURU) 2. SMT.SHILPA DOSHI, RESIDING AT G-3, BRIGADE RATNA RATNA, 42, RANGA RAO ROAD, NEXT TO SLV, BASAVANAGUDI, BENGALURU – 560 004. …RESPONDENTS (BY SRI.K.NAGESHWARAPPA, HCGP FOR R-1; SRI.MAYUR D BHANU, ADVOCATE FOR R-2) Digitally signed by SHARADAVANI B Location: High Court of Karnataka - 2 - HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:27636 CRL.P No. 7754 of 2024 THIS CRL.P. IS FILED U/S.482 OF CR.P.C., PRAYING TO A. SET ASIDE THE ORDER DATED 29.03.2023 PRODUCED AT ANNEXURE A PASSED BY THE HON'BLE COURT OF PRINCIPAL CITY CIVIL AND SESSIONS JUDGE, AT BENGALURU IN SPL.C.C.NO.1792/2022 REJECTING THE APPLICATION FILED BY THE PETITIONER SEEKING TO DEFREEZE THE FD ACCOUNT CONNECTED WITH FD NO.918040071171469 THEREBY PERMITTING THE PETITIONER TO RECOVER ITS LEGITIMATE DUES FROM SUNNES CAPITAL INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED. THIS CRL.P., COMING ON FOR ADMISSION, THIS DAY, ORDER WAS MADE THEREIN AS UNDER: CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE S.R.KRISHNA KUMAR ORAL ORDER This petition is directed against the impugned order dated 29.03.2023 passed in Spl.C.C.No.1792/2022, by the learned Principal City Civil and Sessions Judge, at Bengaluru, whereby the application filed by the petitioner/applicant - Bank under Sections 451 and 457 of Cr.P.C. seeking de-freezing of FD No.918040071171469 to enable the petitioner - Bank to recover its legitimate dues from the borrower - M/s. Sunness Capital India Private Limited, was rejected by the Trial Court. - 3 - HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:27636 CRL.P No. 7754 of 2024 2. Heard the learned counsel for the petitioner-Bank, learned HCGP for respondent No.1-State and learned counsel for respondent No.2 - complainant. 3. In addition to reiterating the various contentions urged in the petition and referring to the material on record, learned counsel for the petitioner - Bank invited my attention to the Over Draft facility/Over Draft credit facility granted by the petitioner - Bank in favour of M/s. Sunness Capital India Private Limited on 12.09.2019 to an extent of `10.00 Crores, in order to point out that the said Company had made a Fixed Deposit in a sum of `15,00,000/- in the petitioner - Bank bearing Fixed Deposit No.918040071171469, which was frozen by the respondent No.1 - Police, during the course of investigation in relation to an FIR dated 20.04.2022 in Crime No.11/2022 filed by the respondent No.2 - complainant against various accused persons who are the Directors of the aforesaid Company - M/s. Sunness Capital India Private Limited, for the offences punishable under - 4 - HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:27636 CRL.P No. 7754 of 2024 Sections 420, 406, 403, 120B, 506 of IPC, Section 5, 21(3) of The Banning of Unregulated Deposit Schemes Act, 2019 (for short, hereinafter referred to as "BUDSA" ) and Section 4 of the Karnataka Protection of Interest Depositors Exorbitant Act, 2004. 4. It is submitted on behalf of the petitioner-Bank that there is no connection or nexus whatsoever between the amount claimed by the respondent No.2 -complainant and the Over Draft/credit facility granted by the petitioner - Bank in favour of the borrowers/accused persons and consequently the said amount in FD No.918040071171469 deserves to be de-frozen so as to enable the petitioner - Bank to recover the said amount from the accused persons who are borrowers, who had availed the subject Over Draft facility. 5. 5. It is also submitted on behalf of the petitioner- Bank that so long as the amounts claimed by the respondent No.2 - complainant from the accused persons had not been deposited directly from the Account of the - 5 - HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:27636 CRL.P No. 7754 of 2024 respondent No.2 - complainant to the Account of the accused persons, the question of freezing the Account of the accused persons which had been obtained by way of Over Draft facility and converted as Fixed Deposit would not arise. It is submitted that the Trial Court committed an error in rejecting the application filed by the petitioner - Bank by passing the impugned order, which deserves to be set aside. 6. Per contra, learned counsel for the second respondent - complainant submitted that, during the course of investigation, it is revealed that the amount involved in the Fixed Deposit is part of the proceeds of the crime and as such, the Trial Court was fully justified in rejecting the application filed by the petitioner - Bank. It is also submitted on behalf of respondent No.2 - complainant that Section 12 of the BUDSA specifically bars the petitioner - Bank from seeking de-freezing of the Account and as such, the impugned order deserves to be confirmed on this ground also. - 6 - HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:27636 CRL.P No. 7754 of 2024 7. A perusal of the material on record will indicate that on 12.09.2019, the petitioner Bank granted Over Draft facility in favour of M/s. Sunness Capital India Private Limited, which reads as under: "AXIS BANK AXISB/CAP/KD/GM/19-20/255 September 12, 2019 The Director M/s. Sunness Capital India Pvt Ltd., 213 2nd Floor, 5th Main, Opp Bank of India, RPC Layout, Vijayanagar, Bangalore - 560040 Dear Sir, Kind Attn.:Mr.Shreesha S P Sub: Credit Facility With reference to your request for renewal with enhancement of credit facility limits, we are pleased to convey our sanction for the same on terms and conditions mentioned below: 1. Bank Guarantee: Renewal with Enhancement 1 Amount : Rs.10.00 Crores in favour of NSEIL/NCL/BSE/ICCL/MSEI/NCDEX/MCX/Axis Bank PCM/Globe Capital Market Limited (Commodity PCM)/NSE and BSE Commodity Exchanges (Subject to counter party limits availability) 2 Period : 12 months plus 3 months claim period if any. 3 Commission : 1.00% p.a. plus GST 4 BG Acceptance Charges : 0.25% plus GST (in case of BG from Axis Bank Ltd) 5 Margin : 50% cash margin in the form of Fixed Deposit under lien to Axis Bank Ltd. 6 Purpose : Towards Security Deposit/TGF/Margins etc in Cash, Derivative and Currency Segments - 7 - HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:27636 CRL.P No. 7754 of 2024 7 Security Documents : 1.Omnibus Counter Indemnity of the Company 2.Board Resolution of Company 3.Personal Guarantee of Mr.Sasitota Prabhakara Shreesha and Mrs. Padmajyothi Shreesha 4. Original FDR duly Discharged in favour of Axis Bank Ltd. 5. FDR Pledge Form 6. Undated cheque equivalent to the entire credit facility amouNt i.e. Rs.10.00 Crores 8 Processing Fees : 0.01% plus GST 9 Other Stipulations : The company is requested to provide their Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) as per the Reserve Bank of India guidelines RBI/2017- 18/82 DBR,No. BP. BC.92/21. 04.048/2017- 18 dated November 02, before disbursement of enhanced facility. Release of incremental Bank Guarantee is subject to approval from business/coverage team. 8. Subsequently, the respondent No.2 - complainant filed the instant complaint registered as an FIR in Crime No.11/2022 dated 20.04.2022 against the Directors of the aforesaid borrower - M/s. Sunness Capital India Private Limited, for the offences punishable under Sections 420, 406, 403, 120B, 506 of IPC, Section 5, 21(3) of the Banning of Unregulated Deposit Schemes Act, 2019 and Section 4 of the Karnataka Protection of Interest Depositors Exorbitant Act, 2004. - 8 - HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:27636 CRL.P No. 7754 of 2024 9. In this context, it is relevant to state that in the complaint, respondent No.2 - complainant does not specifically state anywhere that the amount alleged to have been deposited by respondent No.2 - complainant which was alleged to have been part of the complaint was the same amount in relation to which, the borrower- M/s.Sunness Capital India Private Limited made the aforesaid Fixed Deposit in the petitioner - Bank. 10. Under these circumstances, in the absence of any material to show any nexus or connection between the alleged amount of which respondent No.2 - complainant was cheated of and the amount which is a part and parcel of the Fixed Deposit amount in the petitioner - Bank coupled with the fact that the material on record clearly establishes that the amount which is `15.00 lakhs which pertains to the said Fixed Deposit/Over Draft facility granted by the petitioner - Bank in favour of the accused/borrower, I am of the view that the Trial Court fell in error in rejecting the application filed by the petitioner - 9 - HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:27636 CRL.P No. 7754 of 2024 - Bank, seeking de-freezing of the Fixed Deposit amount invested by the aforesaid borrower - M/s. Sunness Capital India Private Limited. 11. Insofar as the contention urged by the learned counsel for respondent No.2 - complainant with regard to Section 12 of the BUDSA is concerned, it is necessary to extract the said provision which reads as under: "12. Priority of depositors' claim.-- Save as otherwise provided in the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 (54 of 2002) or the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (31 of 2016), any amount due to depositors from a deposit taker shall be paid in priority over all other debts and all revenues, taxes, cesses and other rates payable to the appropriate Government or the local authority." 12. A plain reading of the aforesaid provision would simply indicate that the depositors have the priority over all other debts and all revenues, taxes, cesses and other rates payable to the appropriate Government or the local - 10 - HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:27636 CRL.P No. 7754 of 2024 authority. It is also relevant to state that the said provision mandates that the priority of a depositor is subject to the provisions contained in the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 (SARFAESI Act) or the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC). 13. In the instant case, the right of the petitioner - Bank to claim the amount deposited by way of the aforesaid Fixed Deposit pursuant to Over Draft facility is not curtailed by the provisions contained in Section 12 of BUDSA thereof when the said provision does not relate to the claim made by the petitioner-Bank under Sections 451 and 457 of Cr.P.C. relating to de-freezing of the Account and consequently, the said contention urged by the learned counsel for respondent No.2 - complainant cannot be accepted. 14. Insofar as the finding recorded by the Trial Court on the correctness or otherwise of the diversion of the proceeds of the Crime by way of the same being invested - 11 - HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:27636 CRL.P No. 7754 of 2024 in the Fixed Deposit would require trial, investigation is concerned, as stated supra, it can be seen that, much prior to the impugned complaint of the year 2022, the petitioner - Bank had already granted Over Draft facility in favour of the borrower, who had invested the same in the aforesaid Fixed Deposit to an extent of `15.00 lakhs in the year 2018 and consequently, the said monies claimed by the respondent No.2 - complainant cannot be made the basis to restrain the petitioner - Bank from seeking de- freezing of the Bank Account. 15. Under these circumstances, I am of the opinion that the impugned order passed by the Trial Court dated 29.03.2023 deserves to be set aside and the application filed by the petitioner- Bank under Sections 451 and 457 of Cr.P.C. deserves to be allowed. 16. Accordingly, I pass the following: ORDER i. Criminal Petition is allowed. - 12 - HC-KAR NC: 2025:KHC:27636 CRL.P No. 7754 of 2024 ii. The order dated 29.03.2023 passed by the learned Principal City Civil and Sessions Judge, at Bengaluru, in Spl.C.C.No.1792/2022, is hereby set aside; iii. The application filed by the petitioner-Bank under Sections 451 and 457 of Cr.P.C. is hereby allowed. Sd/- (S.R.KRISHNA KUMAR) JUDGE BMV* List No.: 1 Sl No.: 10