[2025:RJ-JP:48183] HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN BENCH AT JAIPUR S.B. Civil First Appeal No. 630/2016 1. Jaipur Vidyut Vitran Nigam Limited, Through Chairman, Jyoti Nagar, Janpath, Jaipur 2. Executive Engineer, Jaipur Vidyut Vitran Nigam Limited, Jaipur 3. Assistant Engineer O And M, Jaipur Vidyut Vitran Nigam Limited, Chomu, Distt. Jaipur 4. Junior Engineer, Jaipur Vidyut Vitran Nigam Limited, Jaipur ----Appellants Versus 1. Smt. Manbhari Devi W/o Late Shri Banwarilal, Village Bhopawas, Teh. Chomu, Police Station Samod, Distt. Jaipur 2. Ramesh Kumar S/o Late Shri Banwarilal, Village Bhopawas, Teh. Chomu, Police Station Samod, Distt. Jaipur 3. Mamta D/o Late Shri Banwarilal, Minor Through Their Mother And Natural Guardian Smt. M, Village Bhopawas, Teh. Chomu, Police Station Samod, Distt. Jaipur 4. Vikram D/o Late Shri Banwarilal, Minor Through Their Mother And Natural Guardian Smt., Village Bhopawas, Teh. Chomu, Police Station Samod, Distt. Jaipur ----Respondents Connected With S.B. Civil First Appeal No. 607/2016 1. Smt. Manbhari Devi W/o Late Shri Banwari Lal, R/o Lal Kuwan, Village Bhopawas Tehsil Chomu, P.s. Samod Distt. Jaipur 2. Ramesh Kumar S/o Late Shri Banwari Lal, R/o Lal Kuwan, Village Bhopawas Tehsil Chomu, P.s. Samod Distt. Jaipur 3. Mamta D/o Late Shri Banwari Lal, R/o Lal Kuwan, Village Bhopawas Tehsil Chomu, P.s. Samod Distt. Jaipur 4. Vikram S/o Late Shri Banwari Lal, Minor Through Its Natural Guardian/ Mother Smt. Manbhari, R/o Lal Kuwan, Village Bhopawas Tehsil Chomu, P.s. Samod Distt. Jaipur [2025:RJ-JP:48183] (2 of 11) [CFA-630/2016] ----Appellants Versus 1. Jaipur Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd. Through Chairman, Jyoti Nagar, Janpath, Jaipur 2. Executive Engineer, Jaipur Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd., Jaipur 3. Assistant Engineer O And M Jaipur Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd., Distt. Jaipur 4. Junior Engineer, Jaipur Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd., Chomu Distt. Jaipur ----Respondents For Appellant(s) : Ms. Neelam Sharma For Respondent(s) : Mr. Ram Singh Rathore HON'BLE MRS. JUSTICE SHUBHA MEHTA Order 27/11/2025 vihykFkhZx.k&foHkkx@izfroknhx.k ¼ftUgsa vkxs izfroknhx.k ls lEcksf/kr fd;k tk,xk½ dh vksj ls vihy la[;k 630@2016 ,oa vihykFkhZx.k& nkosnkj@oknhx.k ¼ftUgsa vkxs oknhx.k ls lEcksf/kr fd;k tk,xk½ dh vksj ls vihy la[;k 607@2016 fo}ku vij ftyk ,oa ls'ku U;k;k/kh'k la[;k&01 t;iqj ftyk t;iqj ¼ftls vkxs fopkj.k U;k;ky; ls lEcksf/kr fd;k tk,xk½ }kjk flfoy {kfriwfrZ nkok la[;k&289@2014 ¼,ulhoh 258@2016½ esa ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 29-08-2016 ls O;fFkr gksdj izLrqr dh xbZ gSaA mDr fu.kZ; }kjk oknhx.k dk ?kkrd nq?kZVuk nkok Lohdkj djrs gq, oknhx.k dks izfroknhx.k ls dqy {kfriwfrZ jkf'k 9]56]000@&:i;s fnyk, tkus dk vkns'k fn;k x;k gSA ftlls O;fFkr gksdj izfroknhx.k dh vksj ls mDr fu.kZ; dks vikLr dj oknhx.k dk okn fujLr djus gsrq vihy la[;k 630@2016 ,oa oknhx.k dh vksj ls mUgsa fnykbZ xbZ {kfriwfrZ jkf'k esa o`f) fd, tkus dh izkFkZuk ds lkFk vihy la[;k 607@2016 is'k dh xbZ gSaA mDr nksuksa vihysa ,d gh vkns'k ds fo:) gksus ls budk fuLrkj.k bl ,d gh vkns'k ls fd;k tk jgk gSA [2025:RJ-JP:48183] (3 of 11) [CFA-630/2016] la{ksi esa izdj.k dh rF;kRed fLFkfr ds vuqlkj fnukad 16-04-2011 dks cuokjhyky pkSewa ls vYVks dkj esa vius ?kj Hkksikokl vk jgk Fkk rc fcpykoklk ds ikl vka/kh rwQku vkus ls isM+ ds fxj tkus ls xkM+h ls mrj dj isM+ dks gVkus x;k rks mls fctyh dk >Vdk yxk ftlls og flj ds cy fxjk ,oa xEHkhj pksVsa vkbZa] vLirky ys tkrs le; jkLrs esa mldh e`R;q gks xbZA bl lEcU/k esa ntZ e`x fjiksVZ la[;k 05@2011 esa Hkh iqfyl us cuokjhyky dh e`R;q dj.V yxus ls gksuk ekukA izfroknhx.k }kjk mDr fo|qr ykbuksa dk lkj&laHkky ,oa j[k&j[kko ugha djus ds dkj.k mudh ykijokgh ,oa xQyr ds dkj.k ;g nq?kZVuk gqbZ gSA mUgksaus ;g Hkh vafdr fd;k fd e`rd cuokjhyky 42 o"kZ dk O;fDr Fkk vkSj dq'ky pkyd dk dk;Z djds 6 gtkj :i;s izfrekg dekrk FkkA mDr vk; ,oa e`rd ds lkgp;Z] ykM&I;kj] Lusg o ekxZn'kZu ls oknhx.k oafpr gks x,A bl izdkj mUgas ;qfDr;qDr {kfriwfrZ jkf'k fnyk, tkus dk fuosnu fd;k x;k gSA izfroknhx.k dh vksj ls mDr okn dk izfrmRrj is'k dj okn esa vafdr rF;ksa dk fojks/k fd;kA mudk mRrj esa vfHkdFku jgk gS fd e`x tkap fjiksVZ esa mUgsa vfHk;qDr ugha cuk;k x;k gS] u gh mudk dksbZ nks"k ekuk x;k gSA fnukad 16-04-2011 dks 7-50 ih,e ij Hkksikokl ds dkywjke lSuh us Qksu ij lwpuk nh fd cuokjhyky vius ?kj ij ?kjsyw fo|qr midj.kksa ls NsM+NkM+ ds nkSjku fo|qr dj.V yxus ls nq?kZVukxzLr gks x;k] ftl ij Hkksikokl QhMj dh lIykbZ can dhA VªkWlQkWeZj esa fdlh izdkj dk QkYV ugha ik;k x;kA nq?kZVukLFky ij dksbZ rkj VwVk gqvk ugha ik;k x;kA izfroknhx.k dh fdlh izdkj dh =qfV] xQyr ,oa ykijokgh ugha gS] vr% izfroknhx.k fdlh izdkj dh {kfriwfrZ jkf'k ds fy, mRrjnk;h ugha gSA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk i{kdkjksa ds vfHkopuksa ds vk/kkj ij fook|d fojfpr fd;s x;sA i{kdkjksa dh lk{; ys[kc) dh xbZA rRi'pkr fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk nksuksa i{kksa ds rdZ lquus ,oa i=koyh ij miyC/k ekSf[kd ,oa nLrkosth lk{; ds vk/kkj ij vkyksP; fu.kZ; }kjk oknhx.k dks {kfriwfrZ jkf'k 9]56]000@& :i;s e; C;kt fnykbZ xbZ] ftlls O;fFkr gksdj mDr {kfriwfrZ jkf'k esa o`f) fd;s tkus gsrq oknhx.k dh vksj ls vihy is'k dh xbZ rFkk oknhx.k dk okn fujLr djus dh izkFkZuk ds lkFk izfroknhx.k dh vksj ls vihy izLrqr dh xbZA [2025:RJ-JP:48183] (4 of 11) [CFA-630/2016] vihyksa ij nksuksa i{kksa dh cgl lquh xbZA fo}ku vf/koDrk izfroknhx.k dk vihy la[;k 630@2016 ds lEcU/k esa ;g rdZ jgk gS fd fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us fnukad 29-08-2016 dk fu.kZ; ikfjr djrs le; lk{; dk lgh izdkj ls vkSj fof/kiw.kZ ewY;kadu ugha fd;k gS rFkk t;iqj fo|qr forj.k fuxe fyfeVsM ij xyr rjg ls nkf;Ro vf/kjksfir fd;k gSA mudk rdZ gS fd okLro esa fo|qr dj.V yxus dh nq?kZVuk e`rd cuokjhyky ds ?kj esa gqbZ Fkh tc og fo|qr midj.kksa ds lkFk NsM+NkM+ dj jgk Fkk] u fd lM+d ij fxjs gq, gkbZVsa'ku ykbu ds VwVdj fxjus vFkok mldh pisV esa vkus lsA mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd bl lEcU/k esa mudh vksj ls lk{khx.k dkywjke lSuh gSYij ,u0,0M01] pUnzeksgu lSuh ,u0,0M02 ijhf{kr gq, gSa ijarq fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us mudh lk{; dk mYys[k fu.kZ; esa iw.kZr% ugha fd;k gSA mudk rdZ gS fd dkywjke lSuh us viuh eq[; ijh{kk esa Li"Vr% ;g dFku fd;k gS fd nq?kZVuk ?kj esa fo|qr midj.kksa ls NsM+NkM+ djrs gq, dj.V vkus ds dkj.k gqbZ gS vkSj ;gh rF; vU; xokgksa us Hkh izdV fd;k gS ijarq U;k;ky; us ml ij xyr :i ls fo'okl ugha fd;k gSA mudk rdZ gS fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; us ;g dgdj mudh lk{; dks vfo'oluh; ekuk gS fd os okLro esa ekSds ij ekStwn ugha Fks tcfd oknhx.k dh vksj ls izLrqr lk{kh euHkjh ih0M01 tks fd e`rd dh iRuh gS Hkh ekSds ij ekStwn ugha Fkh] ijUrq U;k;yk; us mldh lk{; ij fo'okl fd;k gSA mi;qZDr rdZ izLrqr djrs gq, mUgksaus fuosnu fd;k fd fook|d la[;k&1 o 2 dk fu.kZ; tks oknhx.k ds i{k esa izfroknhx.k ds foi{k esa fd;k x;k gS] og fof/k fo:) gSA mDr fook|dksa dks oknhx.k vius i{k esa izekf.kr ugha dj lds gSaA mDr fook|dksa dk fu.kZ; oknhx.k ds foi{k esa fd;k tkos rFkk izfroknhx.k dks tks Hkh {kfriwfrZ jkf'k fook|d la[;k&3 dk fu.kZ; djrs le; oknhx.k dks nsus dk vkns'k fn;k x;k gS] mls vikLr fd;k tkos rFkk mudh vihy Lohdkj dj oknhx.k }kjk izLrqr okn fujLr fd;k tkosA blds foijhr fo}ku vf/koDrk oknhx.k dk rdZ gS fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; us lk{; dk lgh izdkj ls ewY;kadu ,oa foospu fd;k gSA izdj.k esa oknhx.k dh vksj ls lk{kh f'kon;ky ih0M02 ijhf{kr djok;k x;k gS tks ?kVuk ds le; ekSds ij ekStwn Fkk rFkk ?kVuk dk p'enhn lk{kh gSA bl lk{kh us Li"Vr% [2025:RJ-JP:48183] (5 of 11) [CFA-630/2016] nq?kZVuk 11 dsoh ykbZu ds rkj dh pisV esa vkdj fo|qr dj.V ls cuokjhyky dh e`R;q gksuk crk;k gSA mldk ;g dFku izfrijh{kk esa Hkh [kf.Mr ugha gqvk gSA mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd izfroknhx.k ds lk{khx.k dkywjke lSuh ,u0,0M01 ,oa pUnzeksgu ,u0,0M02 ekSds ij mifLFkr ugha Fks] lkFk gh bu lk{khx.k us ;g Lohdkjk gS fd ml fnu 11 dsoh dh ykbu esa QkWYV vk;k Fkk ftls muds }kjk nq:Lr fd;k x;k FkkA blls Li"V gS fd mDr nq?kZVuk dkfjr gqbZ ml le; mDr rkj lgh izdkj ls ugha FkkA mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd izR;FkhZ@foHkkx ,slh dksbZ fo'oluh; lk{; izLrqr ugha dj lds gSa ftlls izekf.kr gksrk gks fd e`rd vius ?kj esa fo|qr midj.kksa ls NsM+NkM+ dj jgk gks vkSj ml le; dj.V yxus ls mldh e`R;q gqbZ gksA mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd izdj.k esa /kkjk 174 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ds izko/kkuksa ds varxZr dh xbZ tkap esa Hkh iqfyl us 11 dsoh dh ykbu dh pisV esa vkus ls nq?kZVuk gksuk ekuk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us fook|d la[;k&1 o 2 ds lEcU/k esa tks fu.kZ; fn;k gS] mlesa gLr{ksi dk dksbZ vkSfpR; ugha gSA bl lEcU/k esa izfroknhx.k dh vihy la[;k 630@2016 fujLr dh tkosA oknhx.k dh vksj ls vihy la[;k 607@2016 tks mUgkasus {kfriwfrZ jkf'k esa o`f) fd, tkus gsrq is'k dh gS] ds lEcU/k esa ;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k fd fook|d la[;k&3 dk fuLrkj.k djrs le; fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us e`rd dh Hkfo"; esa vk; vtZu dh {kerk esa gksus okyh o`f) dks laKku esa ugha fy;k gS rFkk vafre laLdkj ds [kpZ ,oa lEink dh {kfr dh {kfriwfrZ Lo:i dqy 25 gtkj :i;s dh jkf'k fnykbZ gS tcfd ;g jkf'k dqy 30 gtkj :i;s fnykbZ tkuh pkfg, FkhA mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd Lusg] laxfr ,oa lkgp;Z dh {kfr dh {kfriwfrZ Lo:i e`rd dh larkuksa dks izR;sd dks 25 gtkj :i;s dh jkf'k fnykbZ gS tks fd 40 gtkj :i;s izfr nkosnkj@oknh ds vuqlkj fnykbZ tkuh pkfg, FkhA vius rdksZa ds leFkZu esa mudh vksj ls U;kf;d fofu'p; National Insurance Co. Ltd. Vs. Pranay Sethi & Ors. Ltd. Vs. Pranay Sethi & Ors. is'k fd;k gSA mudh vksj ls vihy Lohdkj dj mi;qZDrkuqlkj {kfriwfrZ jkf'k esa o`f) fd, tkus dh izkFkZuk dh xbZ gSA blds foijhr izfroknhx.k ds fo}ku vf/koDrk dk bl vihy ds lEcU/k esa ;g rdZ gS fd vihykFkhZx.k {kfriwfrZ jkf'k esa c<+ksRrjh djokus dk dksbZ [2025:RJ-JP:48183] (6 of 11) [CFA-630/2016] vf/kdkj ugha j[krs gSaA izFke rks os muls dksbZ Hkh {kfriwfrZ jkf'k izkIr djus ds gh vf/ kdkjh ugha gSa] nwljs fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us tks {kfriwfrZ jkf'k r; dh gS] og iw.kZr% U;k;laxr gS] mlesa c<+ksRrjh dk dksbZ vk/kkj ugha gS] vr% oknhx.k dh vihy fujLr dh tkosA nksuksa i{kksa ds rdksZa ij euu fd;k x;kA i=koyh dk /;kuiwoZd v/;;u fd;kA fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk fufeZr fook|d fuEu izdkj gSa%& 1 D;k fnukad 16-04-2011 dks tc e`rd cuokjh yky vius ?kj Hkksikokl tk jgk Fkk rks fcpyk okl ds ikl jkLrs esa vka/kh rwQku vkus ls isM+ fxj x;k] ftlds lkFk fo|qr ykbZu ds rkj Hkh iM+s FksA e`rd cuokjh yky tc isM+ dks gVkus x;k rks mldk >Vdk yxus ls flj ds cy fxjus ls mldh e`R;q gks xbZ\ 2 D;k izfroknhx.k }kjk fo|qr iksy ij yxs gq, rkjksa dh lgh j[k&j[kko] le; ij tkap ugha djus ,oa izfroknhx.k dh ykijokgh ds dkj.k fo|qr ykbZu ds rkj VwV dj fxjus rFkk mlesa djUV vkus ls mDr nq?kZVuk dkfjr gqbZ\ 3 D;k oknhx.k izfroknhx.k ls 15]33]000@&:i;s dh jkf'k crkSj {kfriwfrZ izkIr djus ds vf/kdkjh gSa\ 4 D;k oknhx.k izfroknhx.k ls {kfriwfrZ dh jkf'k ij nq?kZVuk dh rkjh[k ls 18 izfr'kr okf"kZd C;kt izkIr djus ds vf/kdkjh gSa\ 5 vuqrks"k\ tgka rd fook|d la[;k&1 o 2 ds lEcU/k esa fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; dk iz'u gS rks bl lEcU/k esa e`rd dh iRuh euHkjh nsoh ih0M01 ds :i eas U;k;ky; esa ijhf{kr gqbZ gS ftlus vius eq[; dFku esa ;g dgk gS fd fnukad 16-04-2011 dks mlds ifr LoxhZ; cuokjh pkSew ls vYVks dkj ls ?kj Hkksikokl vk jgs Fks rks fcpykokl ds ikl jkLrs esa vka/kh rwQku vk x;k] jkLrs esa isM+ fxj x;k ftls gVkus ds fy, mlds ifr xkM+h ls mrjs o isM+ dks gVkus yxs rks mls fctyh dk tksjnkj >Vdk yxk ftlls mlds ifr flj ds cy nwj tkdj fxjs vkSj muds xaHkhj izd`fr dh pksV vkbZ rFkk pkSew vLirky ys tkrs le; mudh e`R;q gks xbZA izfrijh{kk esa izR;FkhZ@foHkkx dh vksj ls fn, x, bl lq>ko dks xyr crk;k gS fd mlds ifr ?kj esa fctyh dk dke dj jgs gksa vkSj mudks djaV vk x;k gks rFkk dkywjke lSuh us Qksu djds lwpuk nh gksA euHkjh nsoh ds mDr dFkuksa dk leFkZu ih0M02 f'kon;ky dh vksj ls fd;k x;k gS tks fd ekSds dk p{kqn'khZ lk{kh gS] ftlus vius [2025:RJ-JP:48183] (7 of 11) [CFA-630/2016] dFku esa ;g crk;k gS fd fnukad 16-04-2011 dks cuokjhyky vius ?kj vkus ds fy, fcpykokl lM+d mn;iqfj;k ij igqapk fd dqN le; igys vka/kh rwQku dh otg ls lM+d ds fdukjs [kM+k ccwy dk isM+ rus ls VwVdj lM+d ij fxj x;k ftlls jkLrk vo:) gks x;k rks cuokjh dkj ds uhps mrjdj mls gVkus yxkA mlh le; isM+ ds Åij ls tk jgh 11000 dsoh fctyh dh ykbu ls tks isM+ ds rus dks Nw jgh Fkh] ykbu esa djaV vk x;k ftlls cuokjh mNydj uhps fxj x;k vkSj mls izk.k?kkrd pksVsa vkbZa o mldh e`R;q gks xbZA izfrijh{kk esa mlus Li"V :i ls ;g dFku fd;k gS fd og iSny&iSny tk jgk Fkk vkSj mlus nq?kZVuk gksrs gq, ns[kh FkhA og nq?kZVukLFky ls 15 dne dh nwjh ij gh FkkA mDr nksuksa lk{khx.k ds dFkuksa dk izfrijh{kk esa fdlh Hkh izdkj ls [k.Mu ugha gks ldk gSA cuokjhyky dh e`R;q ds lEcU/k esa e`x fjiksVZ la[;k 05@2011 varxZr /kkjk 174 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ntZ gqbZ Fkh ftl ij tkap dh xbZ ,oa tkap fjiksVZ is'k dh xbZ gSA mDr tkap fjiksVZ esa Hkh cuokjhyky 'ks[kkor dh e`R;q vdLekr fctyh dj.V yxus dh otg ls gksuk ik;k x;k gSA tkap ds nkSjku uD'kk ekSdk izn'kZ&3 cuk;k x;k gS ftlesa Hkh ekSds ij ccwy ds isM+ dk ruk VwVk gqvk ik;k tkuk] fctyh ds iksy ij fctyh ds rkj yxs gksuk vafdr fd;k gSA ,Dl LFkku ij ccwy ds isM+ dk ruk VwV dj fxjuk ,oa ;gha ij fctyh ds rkj ls e`rd dks dj.V yxuk ifjoknh ds vuqlkj crk;k x;k gSA mDr fjiksVZ ls Hkh oknhx.k ds vfHkdFku dks leFkZu feyrk gSA izfroknhx.k dh vksj ls lk{; is'k dh xbZ gS ftlesa dkywjke lSuh gSYij ,u0,0M01 ,oa pUnzeksgu lSuh dfu"B vfHk;ark ,u0,0M2 nksuksa gh fo|qr foHkkx ds deZpkjh gSa tks ?kVuk ds le; ekSds ij ugha Fks ,oa mUgsa ?kVuk dh O;fDrxr tkudkjh ugha FkhA ,slh fLFkfr ds foHkkx dh fo}ku vf/koDrk dk ;g rdZ gS fd cuokjhyky dks ?kj esa ?kjsyw midj.kksa ls NsM+NkM djrs le; dj.V yxk gks] Lohdkj fd, tkus ;ksX; ugha gSA mDr nksuksa lk{khx.k dh lk{; ls Hkh ;g drbZ izekf.kr ugha gksrk gS fd cuokjhyky dh e`R;q ?kj esa dj.V yxus ls gqbZ gksA bu nksuksa lk{khx.k us viuh lk{; esa ;g ekuk gS fd ?kVuk ds fnu 11 dsoh ykbZu dh ejEer dh xbZ Fkh] blls Hkh Li"V gS fd ykbZu esa QkWYV FkkA xokg dkywjke lSuh ,u0,0M01 us izfrijh{kk esa ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd izn'kZ ,u,&1 ykWd'khV [2025:RJ-JP:48183] (8 of 11) [CFA-630/2016] fnukad 17-04-2011 dks , ls ch Hkkx esa ;g fy[kk gqvk gS fd 11 dsoh Hkksikokl QhMj dk QkWYV fudkyk x;kA vkxs ;g Hkh dFku fd;k gS fd og ugha crk ldrk fd QkWYV fdlus fudkyk D;ksafd pkj vknfe;ksa dh ftEesnkjh gksrh gS] ;g ykbZu pkj txg tkrh gSA blh izdkj xokg pUnzeksgu ,u0,0M2 us Hkh viuh izfrijh{kk esa ;g dFku fd;k gS fd fnukad 16-04-2011 dks muds foHkkx esa ;fn dksbZ dEiysaV ntZ gqbZ gS rks og mldh tkudkjh esa gS] ml fnu dEiys.V ntZ gqbZ FkhA ;g lgh gS fd fnukad 17-04-2011 dks Hkksikokl QhMj dk QkWYV nwj fd;k x;k FkkA bl rF; ls oknhx.k ds vfHkdFku dk gh leFkZu gksrk gSA foHkkx ds ftu pkj deZpkfj;kas esa ls fdlh ds }kjk ykbu dk QkWYV lgh djkuk crk;k x;k gS mls U;k;ky; esa ijhf{kr ugha djok;k x;k gS] tcfd og loZJs"B lk{kh gks ldrk Fkk] mls foHkkx }kjk tku&cw>dj izR;kgfjr fd;k tkuk nf'kZr gksrk gSA foHkkx }kjk loZJs"B lk{; izLrqr ugha djus ls muds foijhr vk'k; (Adverse Inference) fy;k tk,xkA nksuksa i{kksa dh mi;qZDr lk{; ds foospu ls ;g Li"V gS fd fo|qr dj.V ds lEcU/k esa ykbZu fcNkus o vU; vko';d lqj{kk dk mRrjnkf;Ro izfroknhx.k dk Fkk ftlds fuoZgu esa muds }kjk ykijokgh cjrh xbZ ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i e`rd cuokjhyky dh e`R;q dj.V yxus ls gqbZ gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk fook|d la[;k&1 o 2 dks oknhx.k ds i{k esa fu.khZr fd;k gS] muds bl fu"d"kZ esa gekjs fopkj ls dksbZ =qfV ,oa voS/krk ugha gSA tgka rd fook|d la[;k&3 ds fu.kZ; dk iz'u gS rks bl lEcU/k esa ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd e`rd cuokjhyky dh mez 42 o"kZ gksuk nq?kZVuk nkok esa vafdr fd;k x;k gS] oknhx.k dh vksj ls izLrqr lk{kh euHkjh nsoh us Hkh viuh lk{; esa nq?kZVuk ds le; vius ifr dh vk;q 42 o"kZ gksuk izdV fd;k gSA nLrkosth lk{; esa iksLVekWVZe fjiksVZ izn'kZ&4 ds vuqlkj Hkh e`rd dh vk;q 42 o"kZ gksuk vafdr fd;k x;k gSA bu rF;ksa dk [k.Mu izR;FkhZ@foHkkx dh vksj ls ugha fd;k x;k gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa i=koyh ij miyC/k lk{; ls e`rd cuokjh dh vk;q 42 o"kZ gksuk fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us fu.khZr fd;k gS tks gekjs fopkj ls lgh gSA tgka rd e`rd cuokjhyky }kjk 6 gtkj :i;s izfrekg dekus dk iz'u gS rks bl lEcU/k esa euHkjh nsoh ih0M01 us vius dFkuksa esa mlds ifr dk [2025:RJ-JP:48183] (9 of 11) [CFA-630/2016] pkyd ds :i esa dk;Z djds 6 gtkj :i;s izfrekg dekuk vafdr fd;k gSA nLrkosth lk{; esa izn'kZ&9 ykblsal dh izfr is'k dh xbZ gS tks ifjogu okgu pykus dk ykbZlsal gSA bl lEcU/k esa Hkh nkosnkjksa dh lk{; ds [k.Mu esa fdlh izdkj dh dksbZ lk{; izfroknhx.k@foHkkx dh vksj ls is'k ugha dh xbZ gSA izfrijh{kk esa Hkh oknhx.k ds dFkuksa dk [k.Mu bl lEcU/k esa ugha gqvk gSA vr% oknhx.k dh ekSf[kd ,oa nLrkost lk{; ds vk/kkj ij e`rd cuokjhyky dh lk{; 6 gtkj :i;s izfrekg fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk fu/kkZfjr dh xbZ gS] tks Hkh gekjs fopkj ls lgh gSA bl lEcU/k esa fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds vkns'k esa gLr{ksi fd, tkus dk dksbZ vk/kkj ugha gSA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us e`rd dh vk; dh {kfr dh {kfriwfrZ fu/kkZfjr djrs le; Hkfo"; esa gksus okyh vk; vtZu dh {kerk esa o`f) lEcU/kh rF; dks /;ku esa ugha j[kk gS] tks gekjs fopkj ls lgh ugha gS vkSj oknhx.k bl en esa Hkh {kfwifrZ jkf'k izkIr djus ds vf/kdkjh gSaA ,slh fLFkfr esa e`rd dh vk; dh {kfr dh {kfriwfrZ Lo:i fuEukuqlkj x.kuk dh tkuh mfpr gSA vk; dh {kfr (Loss of Income) izdj.k esa iz'uxr nq?kZVuk fnukad 16-04-2011 dks gksuk Lohd`r rF; gS rFkk mDr fnukad dks e`rd dh vk; 6000@&:i;s izfrekg fu/kkZfjr dh xbZ gSA bl U;k;ky; dh jk; esa vk; dh {kfr ds fu/kkZj.k ds dze esa e`rd dh ekfld vk; 6000@& :i;s ekuk tkuk ;qfDr;qDr ,oa U;k;laxr gSA mDrkuqlkj x.kuk djus ij okf"kZd vk; 72000@& :i;s ekuh tkrh gSA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk vk; dh {kfr dk fu/kkZj.k djrs le; Hkfo"; esa e`rd dh vk; esa gksus okyh o`f) dk vkdyu ugha fd;k x;k gS tks gekjs fopkj ls lgh ugha gSA U;kf;d fofuf'p; National Insurance Co. Ltd. Vs. Pranay Sethi & Ors. Ltd. Vs. Pranay Sethi & Ors. esa izfrikfnr fl)kUrksa ds vuq:i e`R;q ds le; e`rd dh vk;q 42 o"kZ gksus ,oa mlds dk;Z dh izd`fr dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, mldh Hkfo"; esa vk; dh o`f) dh izR;k'kk ds fy;s mldh vk; dk 25 izfr'kr Hkkx orZeku vk; esa tksM+k tkuk mfpr gSA tgkWa rd e`rd }kjk Lo;a ij fd;s tkus okys O;fDrxr [kpZ ds :i esa dVkSrh dk iz'u gS] fo}ku fopkj.k esa Dyse izkFkZuk i=] e`rd dh iRuh] 3 larkuksa [2025:RJ-JP:48183] (10 of 11) [CFA-630/2016] dqy 4 vkfJrksa dh vksj ls is'k fd;k x;k gSA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us e`rd }kjk Lo;a ij fd;s tkus okys O;; ds :i esa vk; ds 1@4 Hkkx dh dVkSrh dh xbZ gS] tks fof/klEer gS] tSlk fd ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk vius U;kf;d fofuf'p; National Insurance Co. Ltd. Vs. Pranay Sethi & Ors. (2017) 16 SCC 680 fu.khZr fd;k x;k gSA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk {kfriwfrZ jkf'k dh x.kuk ds Øe esa e`rd dh vk;q 42 o"kZ ekuh xbZ gS vkSj 14 dk xq.kd iz;qDr fd;k x;k gS] tks gekjs fopkj ls lgh gSA vr% vk; dh {kfr dh {kfriwfrZ jkf'k dk fu/kkZj.k fuEukuqlkj fd;k tkuk mfpr gS %& Ø-la- en {kfriwfrZ jkf'k 1- e`rd dh okf"kZd vk; 72000/- 2- Hkfo"; esa gksusokyh vk; dh o`f) dh izR;k'kk 18000/- (25% of the income) 3- ;ksx 90000/- 4- e`rd }kjk Lo;a ij fd;s tkusokys [kpZ dh dVkSrh ¼1@4½ 22500/- (1/4 of 90000) 5- mDr dVkSrh ds i'pkr 'ks"k jkf'k ¼vihykFkhZx.k dh okf"kZd fuHkZjrk½ 90000-22500=67500/- 6- e`rd dh vk;q ds vk/kkj ij iz;ksT; xq.kd 14 7- vk; dh {kfr dh {kfriwfrZ jkf'k 67500x14=945000/- vr% fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk vk; dh {kfr dh {kfriwfrZ Lo:i fnykbZ xbZ jkf'k 756000@&:i;s esa 189000@& :i;s dh o`f) djrs gq, bl U;k;ky; }kjk vk; dh {kfr dh {kfriwfrZ Lo:i 945000@& :i;s jkf'k fnyk;k tkuk mfpr gSA ikjEifjd en (Conventional Heads) ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk U;kf;d fofuf'p;ksa United India Insurance Co. Ltd. Vs. Satinder Kaur @ Satwinder (2020) Supreme Court (SC) 425, New India Assurance Co. Ltd. Vs. Somwati & Ors. [2025:RJ-JP:48183] (11 of 11) [CFA-630/2016] (2020) 9 SCC 644 & Magma General Insurance Co. Ltd. Vs. Nanuram & Ors. (2018) 18 SCC 130 esa ikjEifjd enksa dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, mlesa {kfriwfrZ jkf'k fnykbZ xbZ gSA orZeku izdj.k esa fo}ku fopkj.k }kjk e`rd ds lkFk lg;ksx] ykM+&I;kj] f'k{kk nh{kk rFkk lsok&lqJq"kk ls oafpr gksus dh {kfriwfrZ ds fy, e`rd dh iRuh dks 1]00]000@& :i;s] e`rd dh rhu lUrkuksa dk izR;sd dks 25000@&vFkkZr dqy 75]000@&:i;s ,oa vafre laLdkj ds en esa 25000@&:i;s dh jkf'k fnyokbZ xbZ gSA gekjs fopkj ls mDr en esa fnykbZ xbZ jkf'k esa c<+ksRrjh dk dksbZ vk/kkj ugha gSA vr% dqy 200000@&:i;s dh jkf'k bl en esa fnyk;k tkuk mfpr gSA bl izdkj fo}ku fopkj.k }kjk vihykFkhZx.k&nkosnkj dks fnykbZ xbZ {kfriwfrZ jkf'k esa mi;ZqDrkuqlkj o`f) djrs gq, fuEukuqlkj {kfriwfrZ jkf'k dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k tkrk gSA Ø-la- en {kfriwfrZ jkf'k 1- vk; dh {kfr dh {kfriwfrZ jkf'k 945000/- 2- ikjEifjd en dh jkf'k 200000/- 3- dqy {kfriwfrZ jkf'k 945000+200000= 1145000/- ifj.kker% fo}ku fopkj.k }kjk vihykFkhZx.k&nkosnkj dks fnykbZ xbZ {kfriwfrZ jkf'k 9]56]000@& :i;s esa mi;qZDrkuqlkj 1]89]000@&:i;s dh o`f) djrs gq, djrs gq, bl U;k;ky; }kjk vihykFkhZx.k&nkosnkj ds i{k esa dqy {kfriwfrZ jkf'k 1145000@& :i;s dk iapkV ikfjr fd;k tkrk gSA vihykFkhZx.k }kjk iwoZ esa izkIr dh xbZ jkf'k dqy {kfriwfrZ jkf'k esa lek;ksftr gksxhA c<+h gqbZ {kfriwfrZ jkf'k ij C;kt nj] C;kt izkIr djus dh frfFk rFkk {kfriwfrZ jkf'k ds vkuqifrd forj.k ds dze esa leLr 'krZsa fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds vkns'kkuqlkj izHkkoh ,oa ;Fkkor jgsaxhA mi;qZDrkuqlkj vihykFkhZx.k@foHkkx dh vksj ls izLrqr vihy la[;k 630@2016 fujLr dh tkrh gS ,oa vihy la[;k 607@2016 Lohdkj dj fuLrkfjr dh tkrh gSaA rnuqlkj yafcr izkFkZuk i=] ;fn dksbZ gkas] fuLrkfjr fd;s tkrs gSaA (SHUBHA MEHTA),J AJAY KUMAR SINGHAL /22-23