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High Court of Karnataka · body
2025 DAILYLAW 49445 (KAR)
SHANKER AND ANR v. SUSHILABAI
RFA/200044/2018 · 2025-03-25
K Natarajan, Vijaykumar A Patil
body2025
[ 2025 DAILYLAW 49445 (KAR) · dailylaw.ai ]
[ 2025 DAILYLAW 49445 (KAR) · dailylaw.ai ]
Judgment text
Extracted from the PDF above. The PDF is authoritative.
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! Digitally signed by NIJAMUDDIN JAMKHANDI Location: HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA
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01234453612716589:;053445663<;28575<83<;=2 3<8 ><85? 5@;1=< -( =7 7=? 25;;1<A 32185 ;05 B>8AC5<; 3<8 85@?55 83;58 ++-+. 432258 9: ;05 653?<58 5<1=? 1D16 ,>8A5 3<8 ,# 7E364>? "7=? 20=?; F G&1<=*++7=?03D1<A85@?558;05 2>1;=7;05?524=<85<;
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'5 03D5 053?8 ;05 3?A>C5<;2 =7 653?<58 @=><256 7=? ;05 3445663<;2 3<8 653?<58 5<1=? =><256 34453?1<A7=?;05?524=<85<;
* 053445663<;2H5?58575<83<;=23<83<8 ;05 ?524=<85<; H32 ;05 4631<;177 957=?5 ;05 ?136 =>?;
05 ?3<I2 =7 ;05 43?;152 3?5 ?5;31<58 32 957=?5 ;05 ?136 =>?;7=?;0523I5=7@=<D5<15<@5
05@325=7;054631<;177957=?5;05?136=>?;12 ;03; ;05 4631<;177 71658 3 2>1; 7=? 43?;1;1=< 3<8 2543?3;5 4=225221=< 7=? @631C1<A 0367 203?5 1< ;05 4?=45?;152 15 63<82953?1<A:=+C532>?1<A(A><;3221;>3;583;
5D==?D1663A5;36>I7E364>?:=*C532>?1<A- 3@?52 *( A><;32 21;>3;58 3;
5D==? D1663A5 ;36>I 7E364>? 3<8 :=-3 C532>?1<A + 3@?52 *) A><;32 21;>3;583;D1663A5180<==?;36>I7E364>?"7=?20=?;F G&3?52318;=95956=<A58;=;051? 3<@52;=? 15 A?3<8 73;05? <3C56: >?>9323443 3<82318 >?>9323443 038 ;H= 2=<2 <3C56: 1883?3C3443 H0= H32 ;05 73;05? =7 ;05 4631<;177 3<8 03?3<3443 H0= H32
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;0573;05?=78575<83<;=23<81<@5;058575<83<;2 ?57>258 ;= A1D5 ;05 4631<;177G2 203?5 3<8 ;05?5 H32 <= 43?;1;1=<3C=<A;0573C16:C5C95?2;054631<;17771658;05 2>1; 7=? 43?;1;1=< 3<8 2543?3;5 4=225221=< @631C1<A 0367 203?51<;052>1;2@058>654?=45?;152
< 4>?2>3<@5 =7 ;05 2>CC=<2 ;05 8575<83<;2 34453?583<871658H?1;;5<2;3;5C5<;9:85<:1<A;054631<; 3D5?C5<;21<?5245@;=7;05<>C95?2=7;052>1;2@058>65 4?=45?;1523<8;051?C532>?5C5<;3<8032@=<;5<858;03; ;0573C16:4581A?554?=8>@589:;054631<;17712<=;@=??5@; 3<8121<@=C465;505?5123<=;05?45?2=<15><@65=7 ;054631<;1773<88575<83<;29:<3C5 5D3<21883443H01@0 H32 856195?3;56: <=; 20=H< #=?5=D5? ;05?5 3?5 ;H= 212;5?2 =7 ;05 8575<83<;2 <3C56: ?3CC3 3<8 3C363931 H0=3?5361D53<8;05:3?5<5@5223?:43?;152;=;052>1;
05?57=?5 ;05 2>1; 12 938 7=? <=<B=1<85? =7 <5@5223?: 43?;152 05: 7>?;05? @=<;5<858 ;03; ;05 63<8 1< :=2-3 3<8 + 3?5 2;3<81<A 1< ;05 <3C5 =7 8575<83<;2 B=1<;6: 03; :=* 12 2;3<81<A 1< ;05
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<3C5=7><1;3H175=725@=<88575<83<;;=3<5J;5<;=7( 3@?52*A><;323<83@?52A><;323<81<;05<3C5=7 1?C363H175=771?2;8575<83<;;=3<5J;5<;=73@?52 A><;3205?57=?5;05:3?5362=<5@5223?:43?;152;=;05 2>1; 5<@5 ;052>1; 12 938 7=?<=<B=1<85? =7<5@5223?: 43?;152 ;= ;05 2>1; 3<8 1; 12 ><;5<3965 1< ;05 5:5 =7 63H 05: 7>?;05? @=<;5<858 ;03; 8>?1<A ;05 6175;1C5 =7 ;05 4631<;177G273;05?;054631<;177G273;05?3<8;054631<;17703D5 ?561<K>12058 ;051? ?1A0;2 =7 ;051? 203?5 9: ;3I1<A
2++++ C=<5: 7?=C ;05 8575<83<;2 3<8 5J5@>;58 ><?5A12;5?58 ?561<K>120C5<; 8558 1< ;05 4?525<@5 =7 ;05 5685?6:45?2=<2=7 ;051? 6=@361;:36=<AH1;0;05?5@514; 7=? ?5@51D1<A ;05 3C=><; =7 2++++ 5<@5 ;05:
5J5@>;58 ;05 8=@>C5<; 1< 73D=>? =7 ;05 8575<83<;2 =< ++--- 05?57=?5 ;05K>52;1=< =7 A1D1<A3<:203?5 ;=;054631<;1778=52<=;3?12505:03D5362=@=<;5<858 ;03; 8575<83<;2 03D5 C>;3;58 ;05 2>1; 63<82 1< ;051? <3C5237;5?;05853;0=71883?3C344332;05:03D5?1A0; =D5?
;05 4?=45?;: 05 2=< =7 ;05 4631<;177 9: <3C5 323D3?3B 12 ;05 3?@01;5@; =7 ;05 2>1; 3<8 8>5 ;= 012
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@=C4>621=<;052>1;@3C5;=95716589:;054631<;1773<8 <=@3>25=73@;1=<3?=257=?7161<A;052>1;05=>?;755 431812<=;2>771@15<;5<@5;05:4?3:587=?812C12236=7 ;052>1;
( 3258 >4=< ;05 465381<A2 ;05 ?136 =>?; 7?3C58;057=66=H1<A122>52
! "#
. < =?85? ;= 4?=D5 ;05 @325 =7 ;05 4631<;177 ;05 4631<;1775J3C1<5805?256732'3<8205032A=;C3?I58 ( 8=@>C5<;2 32 45? J2 ;= ( < 950367 =7 ;05 8575<83<;2 ;05 25@=<8 8575<83<; 5J3C1<58 01C2567 32 ' 3<8 A=; C3?I58 8=@>C5<;2 05 ?136 =>?;
C3?I58 JLM5?=J@=4:=7;053665A58?561<K>120C5<; 8558
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) 7;5? 053?1<A ;05 3?A>C5<;2 ;05 ?136 =>?; 3<2H5?58122>5=2;=*1<;053771?C3;1D53<885@?558 ;05 2>1; =7 ;05 4631<;177 9: A?3<;1<A 0367 203?5 1< ;05 2>1;
2@058>654?=45?;152 5561<A 3AA?15D589: ;05 23C5 ;05 8575<83<;203D571658;054?525<;344536
- 53?<58 @=><256 7=? ;05 3445663<;28575<83<;2 0322;?5<>=>26:@=<;5<858;03;;05B>8AC5<;3<885@?55 432258 9: ;05 ?136 =>?; 12 <=; 1< 3@@=?83<@5 H1;0 63H 05?5125??=?@=CC1;;589:;05?136=>?;52>9C1;;58 ;03; 5D5< ;0=>A0 ;05 8575<83<;2 03D5 9?=>A0; ;= ;05 <=;1@5=7;05=>?;39=>;<=;20=H1<A 5D3<21883443;05 3<=;05? ><@65 =7 ;05 43?;152 3<8 ;05 212;5?2 =7 ;05 8575<83<;2 362= <=; C385 32 43?;: 1<241;5 =7 ;05 23C5 C5<;1=<58 1< ;05 H?1;;5< 2;3;5C5<; ;05 ?136 =>?; 032 <=; 7?3C58 3<: 122>5 1< ?5245@; =7 <=<B=1<85? =7 <5@5223?: 43?;152 5 7>?;05? @=<;5<858 ;03; ;05 ?136 =>?; 032 <=; 45?C1;;58 ;= C3?I ?561<K>120C5<; 8558 5J5@>;58 9: ;05 4631<;177 3<8 05? 73;05? 1< ;05 <3C5 =7 8575<83<;=23<8=H5D5?1;H32C3?I5832 J
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9:;05=>?;05?57=?5;053445663<;23?5@=<2;?31<58 ;=4?=8>@5;052318=?1A1<368=@>C5<;15?561<K>120C5<;
8558 957=?5 ;012 =>?; 05 23C5 12 ?5K>1?58 ;= 95 @=<2185?5805D5?:4631<;177?5@51D58 2++++36=<A H1;0 05? 73;05? 3<8 5J5@>;58 ?561<K>120C5<; 8558 ?561<K>1201<A;051??1A0;2=D5?;054?=45?;152>@0951<A ;05@325;05:8=<=;03D53<:?1A0;=D5?;054?=45?;:7=? @631C1<A ;051? 203?5 0525 3245@;2H5?5<=;@=<2185?58 9: ;05 ?136 =>?; 1< 4?=45? 45?245@;1D5 5 7>?;05? @=<;5<858;03;;052>1;1;256712<=;C31<;31<39657=?<=< B=1<85?=7<5@5223?:43?;15205?57=?54?3:587=?25;;1<A 32185;0523C5
+ 6;5?<3;1D56:653?<58@=><2567=?;053445663<;2 @=<;5<858 ;03; ;05 8=@>C5<; 4?=8>@58 957=?5 ;012 =>?; 36=<AH1;0;05C5C=15;053665A58?561<K>120C5<;8558 2036695@=<2185?583<8C3;;5?2036695?5C3<85893@I;= ;05 ?136 =>?; 7=? 7?520 @=<2185?3;1=< 9: 388>@1<A 5D185<@5 =< ;05 8=@>C5<; 45?C1;;1<A ;05 3445663<;2 ;=
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4?=D5;053665A588=@>C5<;5<@5054?3:587=?366=H1<A ;05344536
$ 653?<58 5<1=? =><256 34453?1<A 7=?;05?524=<85<;032@=><;5?58;053?A>C5<;25032 2>44=?;58 ;05 B>8AC5<; 3<8 85@?55 432258 9: ;05 ?136 =>?;3<8@=<;5<858;03;;0=>A01;12;05@=<;5<;1=<=7;05 3445663<;2;03; 5D3<21883443H32=<5=7;05><@65=7;05 43?;1529>;1;H32<=;9?=>A0;;=;05<=;1@5=7;05=>?;
H05;05? 5D3<21883443 H32 361D5 =? <=; 05 212;5?2 =7 ;058575<83<;2H5?5<=;<5@5223?:43?;152;=@=<2185?;05 43?;1;1=< 3C=<A2; ;05 5685?2 =7 ;05 73C16: 15 95;H55< ;05 73;05?
=7 ;05 4631<;177 3<8 ><@65 =7 ;05 4631<;177 05 8575<83<;2 3<8;051?212;5?2 03D5 ;= 203?5;05 4?=45?;152 3C=<A;05C256D52=>;=7;05203?573665<;=;051?73;05? 05?57=?5 H1;0=>; ;05: 951<A 43?;: ;05 2>1; @3< 95 8124=258=7;12362=@=<;5<858;03;1;H32<=;9?=>A0; ;=;05<=;1@5=7;05=>?;32;=H05;05? 5D3<21883443=? 012 H175 3<8 3<: 73C16: C5C95?2 3?5 361D5 =? <=; 9:
4?=D1<A ;05 73C16: ;?55 9: ;3I1<A 2>@0 @=<;5<;1=< 5
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7>?;05?2>9C1;2;03;;05><?5A12;5?588=@>C5<;@3<<=;95 @=<2185?58 9: ;05 ?136 =>?; D5< ;0=>A0 ;05 2318 8=@>C5<; 12 4?=8>@58 957=?5 ;012 =>?; ;05 23C5 12 <=; 38C12219651<5D185<@532;0523C512<=;4?=8>@5836=<A H1;04?=45?34461@3;1=<32?5K>1?58><85??85? >65. =705?136=>?;@=<2185?1<A366;058=@>C5<;2032 ?1A0;6:85@?558;052>1;=7;054631<;177 D5<=;05?H12517
5D3<21883443G2 203?5 12 @=<2185?58 5D3<21883443 12 8538 3<8 012 H175 12 362= 8538 ;05< ;05 203?5 =7 ;05 4631<;177 H166 95 1<@?53258 < 2>44=?; =7 012 @=<;5<;1=< 653?<58 5<1=? =><256 ?56158 >4=< ;05 B>8AC5<; =7 ;05 =<G96545J=>?;1<;05@325=7
3<81;12@=<;5<858;03;;05?512<=@3257=??5C3<81<A;05 C3;;5?;=;05?136=>?;
53?<585<1=?=><256362=@=<;5<858;03;;05 H1D52 =7 ;05 8575<83<;2 3?5 <=; <5@5223?: 43?;152 21<@5 ;052>1;H32 71658 1<>A>2; +H05?532 ;05<3C52=7
%&'()
*+*
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;05H1D52=7;058575<83<;2H5?55<;5?581<;05?5D5<>5 ?5@=?82=<6:1<54;5C95?+152>925K>5<;;=7161<A =7;052>1;05?57=?5;05?512<=<558;=9?1<A;05C=< ?5@=?85<@5054?3:587=?812C12236=7;05344536
* 3D1<A 053?8 ;05 3?A>C5<;2 3<8 45?>258 ;05 ?5@=?82;054=1<;2;03;3?1257=?=>?@=<2185?3;1=<3?5 $1% '05;05? ;05 4631<;177 4?=D52 ;03; ;05 2>1;
2@058>65 4?=45?;152 3?5 B=1<; 73C16: 4?=45?;152 =74631<;1773<88575<83<;=23<8N
$11% '05;05? ;05 2>1; 12 938 7=? <=<B=1<85? =7 <5@5223?:43?;152N
$111% '05;05?;054631<;177125<;1;6587=?0367203?51< ;052>1;2@058>654?=45?;152324?3:587=?N
$1D% '05;05? ;05 8=@>C5<; 4?=8>@58 9: ;05 3445663<;21238C12219651<5D185<@5N
$D% '05;05?;05B>8AC5<;3<885@?55=7;05?136 =>?;@36627=?1<;5?75?5<@59:;012=>?;N
'5 03D5 45?>258 ;05 ?5@=?82 3<8 5D185<@5 388>@589:9=;0;0543?;152<;05<>;20566;05@325=7 ;05 4631<;177 12 ;03; 205 12 ;05 83>A0;5? =7 =<5
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1883?3C3443 321 3<8 ;05 8575<83<;2 3?5 ;05 2=<2 =7 03?3<3443 321 3<8 ;051? 3<@52;=? 12 >?>9323443 05?5 12 <= 43?;1;1=< 3C=<A ;05 73C16: 03?3<3443 321 4?585@53258 18?3C3443 321 7;5? ;05 853;0 =7 18?3C3443 321 ;05 4?=45?;: 85D=6D52 ;= ;05 4631<;177 05 12 5<;1;658 7=? 0367 203?5 1< ;05 2>1; 2@058>65 4?=45?;1520573C16:;?551232><85? 05?512<=8124>;5?5A3?81<A;052>1;2@058>65 4?=45?;152951<A63<81<:=+C532>?1<A(A><;32 :=*C532>?1<A-3@?52*(A><;323<8:=-3 C532>?1<A+3@?52*)A><;328C1;;586:>?>9323443 H32 ;05 4?=4=21;>2 =7 ;05 73C16: 7;5?
012 853;0 1; 12 3665A589:;054631<;177;03;05038=<6:;H=@0168?5<15 >?>9323443 18?3C3443321 $158% 03?<3443321 $158% >20163931 631<;177 03<I3?L 57= 3A<3;0L 57=
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18?3C3443 321 3<8 03?<3443 321 H05?532 1; 12 ;05 @=<;5<;1=<=7;058575<83<;2;03;;05?512=<5C=?52=<=7 >?>9323443<3C56: 5D3<21883443H0=12362=2;3;58;= 95 85@53258 3<8 012 H175 3C3<3HH3 H32 361D5 >; 1< =?85?;=4?=D5;052318@=<;5<;1=<5J@54;;052>9C1221=< 1<;05H?1;;5<2;3;5C5<;;03; 5D3<21883443H32362==<5 =7;059?=;05?23C=<A;0573C16:1;H32<=;561@1;581<;05 5D185<@5 =?1< ;05H?1;;5< 2;3;5C5<; 9: 4?=8>@1<A 73C16:
;?5532;=H05;05? 5D3<21883443H32361D5=?<=;32=< ;05 83;5 =7 7161<A ;05 2>1; D5< 1; 12 <=; 9?=>A0; ;= ;05 <=;1@5;03;012H1753C3<D3HH3122318;=9520=H<323 43?;: ><85? ;05 3665A58 J ;05 ?561<K>120C5<; 8558 @631C589:;058575<83<;2;12362=<=;9?=>A0;;=;05 <=;1@5 =7 ;05 =>?; ;03; 3<: =;05? 73C16: C5C95? H32 361D5 =? <=; ; 12 @653?6: 2;3;58 ;03; 32 =< ;05 83;5 =7 7161<A ;05 2>1; ;05?5 3?5 <= =;05? 65A36 051?2 =;05? ;03< 18?3C34433213<803?<34433213<803?<3443321 4?585@53258 18?3C3443 321 3<8 ;05 4?=45?;: 2;==8 1< ;05<3C5=773;05?=7;054631<;177;166++05?57=?5;05 4631<;1774?=D52;03;;052>1;2@058>654?=45?;1523?5B=1<;
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73C16: 4?=45?;152 =7 4631<;177 3<8 8575<83<; =2 3<8 @@=?81<A6:H53<2H5?4=1<;=$1%1<;053771?C3;1D5
( 8C1;;586: ;05 8575<83<;2 3?5 @631C1<A ;03;
;05?5 H32 5J5@>;1=< =7 ?561<K>120C5<; 8558 1< 73D=>? =7 8575<83<; =2 3<8 9: ?561<K>1201<A ;051? *?8 203?5 9:;054631<;1773<805?73;05?0=>A0;0523188=@>C5<;
H32 <=; 4?=8>@58 1< ;05 ?136 =>?; 1; H32 2;3;581< ;05 5D185<@5 =7 ;05 8575<83<;2 ;03; ;012 8=@>C5<; 12 2318 ;= 95I54;1<;0593<I3<81;H166954?=8>@58323<8H05< ?5K>1?58 8C1;;586: ;05 2318 8=@>C5<; H32 <=; 4?=8>@58957=?5;05=>?;
. 05 ?563;1=<2014 95;H55< ;05 43?;152 12 <=; 1< 8124>;505=H<5?2014=7;054?=45?;1529:>?>9323443 12 362= <=; 1< 8124>;5 05 =<6: 8124>;5 12 H05;05? 5D3<21883443 3<8 ;05 212;5?2 =7 8575<83<; =2 3<8 H5?5 <5@5223?: 43?;152 ;= ;05 2>1; =? <=; < ;012 ?5A3?8 38C1;;586: ;05 73C16: =7 03?3<3443 321 @=<212;58 =7 8575<83<;=23<8 D5<17;05212;5?23?5;05?5;05: @3<<=;95@=<2185?5832@=43?@5<=?27=?<=;1=<3681D121=<
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=7 4?=45?;152 1<;= 51;05? *?8 =? O 203?5 53@0 ;= 18?3C3443 321 3<8 03?<3443 321 =? 5D3<21883443 3213<832H503D536?538:0568;052318 5D3<21883443 032 4?585@53258 3<8 012 H175 12 362= 2318 ;= 95 4?585@53258;0=>A01;12<=;9?=>A0;;=;05<=;1@5=7;05 @=>?; 9>; 9=;0 =7 ;05C 4?585@53258 3<8 ;05?5 12 <= 5D185<@5;03;;05?5H5?53<:122>52=7 5D3<218834433<8 3C3<3HH3 05?57=?5 ;05 =<6: ;H= 45?2=<2 3D3163965 7=? ;05 43?;1;1=< =7 ;05 2>1; 2@058>65 4?=45?;152 H5?5 18?3C34373;05?=7;054631<;1773<803?<3443;0573;05? =7;058575<83<;2=;0=7;05CH5?581583;;05;1C5=7 7161<A =7 ;05 2>1; 05?57=?5 ;05 =<6: 65A36 051?2 3?5 4631<;177951<A;0583>A0;5?=718?3C34433<88575<83<;
=23<82=<2=703?3<3443321 D5<;05212;5?=7 ;05 8575<83<;2 3?5 <=; ;3I5< 1<;= @=<2185?3;1=< 32 ;05:
3?5 5<;1;658 7=? ;05 203?5 7?=C ;051?
73;05?G2 203?5 15 03?<3443321150367203?53<81;20=>689543?;1;1=<58 3C=<A ;051? 73C16: C5C95?2 95;H55< 8575<83<; =2 3<8 3<8 ;03; H166 <=; 5775@; ;05 203?5 =7 ;05 4631<;177 05?57=?5;05212;5?2=78575<83<;=23<8@3<<=;95
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<5@5223?: 43?;152 ;= ;05 4?=@5581<A2 3<8 =>?; @3< ?52=6D5;058124>;5H1;0=>;;054?525<@5=7;05212;5?2=7 8575<83<; =2 3<8 2 36?538: 0568 5D3<21883443 3<8 012 H175 H5?5 <=; 361D5 3; ;05 ;1C5 =7 7161<A ;052>1;
05?57=?5 C3I1<A ;05C 32 43?;: 1< ;05 2>1; 8=52 <=;
3?125 5<@5 ;05 @=<;5<;1=< =7 ;05 3445663<;2G @=><256 ;03;;052>1;129387=?<=<B=1<85?=7<5@5223?:43?;15212 <=;@=??5@;<;05=;05?03<82>1;12C31<;31<39653<81; 12 <=; 938 7=? <=<B=1<85? =7 <5@5223?: 43?;152 @@=?81<A6:H53<2H5?4=1<;=$11%1<;05<5A3;1D5
) =H @=C1<A ;= ;05 ?56157 2=>A0; 9: ;05 ?524=<85<;4631<;177H05?538C1;;586:;054?=45?;1523?5 ><81D1858 4?=45?;152 3<8 ;05?5 12 <= 4?5D1=>2 43?;1;1=< 3C=<A ;05 73C16: 3<8 ;05 73;05? =7 ;05 4631<;177 3<8 ;05 73;05? =7 ;05 8575<83<;2 3?5 5<;1;658 7=? 0367 203?5 3<8 ;05:2>@@558;=;054?=45?;:<=;1=<366:3<8;054631<;17712 5<;1;658 7=? 0367 203?5 =7 05? 73;05? 1883?3C3443 3<8 ;05?57=?5 ;05 4631<;177 12 5<;1;658 7=? 0367 203?5 1< ;05
- 17 -
4?=45?;: @@=?81<A6: H5 3<2H5? 4=1<; =$111% 1< ;05 3771?C3;1D5
- ; 12 ;05 @=<;5<;1=< =7 ;05 3445663<;2G @=><256 ;03; ;05 8=@>C5<; J H01@0 12 ;05 3665A58 ?561<K>120C5<; 8558 3<8 =< ;03; A?=><8 1; 12 @=<;5<858 ;03; *?8 203?5 =7 ;05 4631<;177 3<8 05? 73;05? H32 ?561<K>12058 9: 5J5@>;1<A ?561<K>120C5<; 8558 83;58 ++---<;05@?=225J3C1<3;1=<1;12561@1;589:;05 8575<83<;2G @=><256 ;03; ;05 4631<;177 3<8 73;05? 03D5 21A<58;05?561<K>120C5<;85581<;058D=@3;52G=771@5=7 ?1>66>?3<81;H32<=;3?1E589>;;0523188=@>C5<; H32<=;4?=8>@583<8C3?I581<3@@=?83<@5H1;063H= 5J463<3;1=< 12 =775?58 9: ;05 653?<58 @=><256 7=? ;05 8575<83<;2 7=? <=<4?=8>@;1=< =7 3665A58 ?561<K>120C5<; 8558957=?5;05?136=>?;0=>A0;058575<83<;22;3;58 1< ;05 @?=225J3C1<3;1=< ;03; 1; H166 95 4?=8>@58 8>?1<A 63;5? 43?; =7 ;05 4?=@5581<A2 9>; 1; H32 <=; 4?=8>@58 0=>A0 1; 12 2;3;58 ;03; ;012 8=@>C5<; 2318 ;= 95 H1;01< ;05 @>2;=8: =7 ;05 93<I 9>; ;05 2318 8=@>C5<; 12
- 18 -
4?=8>@58957=?5;012=>?;H1;0=>;3<:4?=45?34461@3;1=< 3221A<58><85??85? >65.=7
+ 53?<585<1=?=><2567=?;05?524=<85<;032 9?=>A0;;=;05<=;1@5=7;012=>?;;03;3245?;05@?=22 5J3C1<3;1=< 3<8 38C1221=< C385 9: ' ;05 2318 8=@>C5<; @=<;31<2 =<5 43A5 =7 2;3C4 4345? H05?532 J @=<;31<2 ;0?55 43A52 0=>A0 1; 12 @=<;5<858 9: ;05 3445663<;2G @=><256 ;03; ?5@514; 12 362= 4?=8>@58 7=? 20=H1<A ;03; ;05 4631<;177 3<8 05? 73;05?
03D5 ?5@51D58
2++++ 9>; ;012 8=@>C5<; H32 <=; 4?=8>@58 3<8 4?=D58 1< 3@@=?83<@5 H1;0 63H 32 ?5K>1?58 ><85? 5@;1=< (. =7 ;05 <813< D185<@5 @; 05 3445663<;2 =>A0; ;= 03D54?=8>@583<8C3?I58;0523188=@>C5<;3<84?=D58 3245?5@;1=<()=7;05<813< D185<@5@;9:5J3C1<1<A 3<: =7 ;05 3;;52;1<A H1;<52252
8C1;;586: ;05 8575<83<;203D5<=;4?=8>@583<:612;=7H1;<52252=?71658 3<: 34461@3;1=< 7=? 2>CC=<1<A ;0=25 H1;<52252 7=? 5J3C1<1<A ;05C 3<8 ;= 4?=D5 ;05 2318 8=@>C5<; 7 @=>?25 ;05 =?1A1<36 8=@>C5<; 12 <=; 4?=8>@58 3<8 ;05
- 19 -
M5?=J@=4:12<=;38C12219651<5D185<@543?;7?=C;03;
<=H ;05 8=@>C5<; 12 4?=8>@58 957=?5 ;012 =>?; 9>; H1;0=>; 3<: 4?=45? 34461@3;1=< ><85? ?85? >65 . D5< =;05?H125 ;012 8=@>C5<; 12 ><?5A12;5?58 8=@>C5<; 05 =<G965 >4?5C5 =>?; 1<
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05 =<G965 >4?5C5 =>?; 032 @3;5A=?1@366: 0568;03;;058=@>C5<;H1;0=>;?5A12;?3;1=<><85?5@;1=< . =7 ;05 5A12;?3;1=< @; 12 <=; 38C1221965 1< 5D185<@5 05653?<58@=><2567=?;053445663<;2032@=<;5<858;03; ;058=@>C5<;2@3<951C4=><8583<80512?538:;=43: ;05 8>;: 3<8 45<36;: >; <= 2>@0 34461@3;1=< 12 71658 957=?5 ;012 =>?; 36=<A H1;0 377183D1; 32 ?5K>1?58 ><85? ?85? >65.=7>@0951<A;05@32538C1;;1<A 2>@08=@>C5<;957=?5;012=>?;=??5C3<81<A;05C3;;5? ;=;05?136=>?;7=?@=<2185?1<A;0128=@>C5<;8=52<=;
- 25 -
3?125 ; 12 362= 0568 9: ;05 45J =>?; 12 ;05 2318 B>8AC5<;3;43?3(;03;5D5<3<><?5A12;5?588=@>C5<; @3< 95 ?56158 >4=< =<6: 7=? @=663;5?36 4>?4=25 15 7=? 25D5?3<@:=7 ;1;65<3;>?5 =74=225221=< =7 D3?1=>2 203?52 9>; <=; 7=? ;05 4?1C3?: 4>?4=25 15 81D121=< =7 B=1<; 4?=45?;1529:C5;523<89=><82>@0951<A;05@325;05 ><?5A12;5?588=@>C5<;4?=8>@589:;053445663<;2@3<<=; 95@=<2185?583<8;3I5<=<?5@=?8321;121<38C12219651< 5D185<@5>@0951<A;05@325;058=@>C5<;4?=8>@589: ;053445663<;@3<<=;95;3I5<1<;=?5@=?87=?;054>?4=25 =7 38C1;;1<A 32 5D185<@5 1< ;012 344536 =? 7=? ?5C3<81<A ;05C3;;5?93@I;=;05?136=>?;><85??85? >65. @@=?81<A6: H5 3<2H5? 4=1<; =$1D% 3A31<2; ;05 3445663<;23<81<73D=>?=7;05?524=<85<;
=<2185?1<A366;055D185<@5=<?5@=?8;05?136 =>?;9:344?5@13;1<A;055D185<@5=<?5@=?8032?1A0;6: 85@?558;052>1;9:A?3<;1<A0367203?5;=;054631<;177=>; =7;052>1;2@058>654?=45?;15205?57=?5H58=<=;71<8 3<:5??=?=?1665A361;:=?45?D5?21;:1<;05B>8AC5<;=7;05
- 26 -
?136=>?;@3661<A7=?3<:1<;5?75?5<@59:;012=>?;05 344536 12 85D=18 =7 C5?1;2 3<8 12 613965 ;= 95 812C12258 @@=?81<A6:;0534453612
< D15H =7 8124=236 =7 ;05 344536 45<81<A 1<;5?6=@>;=?: 34461@3;1=<2 17 3<: 8= <=; 2>?D1D5 7=? @=<2185?3;1=<3<82;3<88124=258=7
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