[2025:RJ-JP:52013] HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN BENCH AT JAIPUR S.B. Civil Miscellaneous Appeal No. 2621/2009 1. Rajendra Kumar Son of Ramjilal Mahur, Aged About 32 Years, Resident of Piplu, Distt. Tonk. (Owner) 2. Islam S/o. Azizmiya, Resident of Piplu, Distt. Tonk (Raj.) ----Non-Claimant-Appellants Versus 1. Ramphool S/o. Baluram Gurjar, Aged About 39 Years, Resident of Mohammed Nagar Ki Dhani, Tehsil Piplu Distt. Tonk (Raj.) ----Claimant-Respondent 2. The Oriental Insurance Company Ltd., Tonk ----Non-Claimant-Respondent For Appellant(s) : Mr. Praveen Jain, Adv. For Respondent(s) : Mr. Ajay Kumar Tanenia, Adv. (for Insurance Company) HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE ASHUTOSH KUMAR Order 17/12/2025 1- ukWu DysesaV~l@vihykFkhZx.k okgu ekfyd o pkyd ¼ftUgsa vkxs ^vihykFkhZx.k* ds uke ls lacksf/kr fd;k tk,xk½ dh vksj ls ;g vihy /kkjk&173 eksVj okgu vf/kfu;e&1988 ds rgr U;k;ky; vij ftyk U;k;k/kh'k ¼QkLV Vsªd½ Vksad ¼jktLFkku½ ¼eksVj nq?kZVuk okn vf/kdj.k½ ¼ftls vkxs ^fo}ku vf/kdj.k* ds uke ls lacksf/kr fd;k tk,xk½ }kjk Dyse ;kfpdk la[;k&77@2008 ¼158@2008½ ¼167@2006½] jkeQwy cuke bLyke o vU; esa ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 22-01-2009 ¼ftls vkxs ^v{ksfir fu.kZ;^ ds uke ls lacksf/kr fd;k tk,xk½ ds fo#) izLrqr dh xbZ gSA 2- nkokdrkZ@jsLiksaMsaV jkeQwy ¼ftls vkxs ^nkokdrkZ* ds uke ls lacksf/kr fd;k tk,xk½ }kjk fo}ku vf/kdj.k ds le{k] eksVj okgu nq?kZVuk esa Lo;a ds vkgr gks tkus ds QyLo:i dqy 14]30]000@& #i;s {kfriwfrZ jkf'k [2025:RJ-JP:52013] (2 of 7) [CMA-2621/2009] izkIr djus gsrq Dyse ;kfpdk izLrqr dh x;h FkhA fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk mDr Dyse ;kfpdk dk fuLrkj.k djrs gq, ;kph dks dqy 80]490@& #i;s dh {kfriwfrZ jkf’k e; C;kt 06 izfr’kr lkykuk dh nj ls fnyokbZ x;h gSA mDr vk{ksfir fu.kZ; ls O;fFkr gksdj gLrxr vihy] vihykaV okgu ekfyd dh vksj ls fo}ku vf/kdj.k ds vk{ksfir fu.kZ; dks fujLr djok;s tkus gsrq izLrqr dh xbZ gSA 3- nkSjkus cgl fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZx.k dk rdZ jgk gS fd fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk chek dEiuh dks {kfriwfrZ vnk;xh ds nkf;Ro ls mUeqDr fd;k tkdj =qfV dkfjr dh x;h gSA fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZx.k dk ;g Hkh rdZ jgk gS fd ekeys dh ?kVuk fnukad 29-08-2005 dks okgu la[;k&vkjts&02&lh&1876 }kjk dkfjr fd;k tkuk crk;k x;k gS] mDr okgu chek dEiuh jsLiksaMsaV uEcj&2 ds ;gka ^^iSdst ikWfylh** ds rgr fnukad 18-07-2005 ls 17-07-2006 rd fof/kuqlkj chfer FkkA fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZx.k dk ;g Hkh rdZ jgk gS fd ^^,DV vkWuyh ikWfylh** vFkok ^^ykbZfcfyVh vkWuyh ikWfylh** os chek ikWfylh gksrh gS] ftuesa dsoyek= r`rh; i{kdkj dk tksf[ke doj fd;k tkrk gSA ,slh chek ikWfyfl;ksa ds rgr okgu ds vUnj cSBdj ;k=k dj jgs vFkok nksifg;k okgu ds ihNs cSBus okys ;k=h dk tksf[ke doj ugha gksrk gSA ;fn **dEizhgsaflo ikWfylh** ;k ^^iSdst ikWfylh** fdlh okgu ds fy, yh tkrh gS rks ,sls ekeyksa esa xkM+h esa cSBdj ;k=k djus okys ;kf=;ksa vFkok nksifg;k okgu ds ihNs cSBus okys ;k=h dk i`Fkd ls dksbZ fizfe;e uk Hkh fy;k x;k gks rks Hkh mudk tksf[ke ikWfylh ds vuqlkj vko`r gksrk gSA gLrxr ekeys dh ikWfylh ^^iSdst ikWfylh** gS] **,DV vkWuyh ikWfylh** ugha gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk iz'uxr okgu dh chek ikWfylh dks ^^,DV vkWuyh ikWfylh** ekurs gq, chek dEiuh dks {kfriwfrZ vnk;xh ds nkf;Ro ls mUeqDr fd;k tkdj =qfV dkfjr dh x;h gSA vr% mijksDr rdksZa ds vk/kkj ij vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls izLrqr vihy Lohdkj dh tkdj fo}ku vf/kdj.k ds vk{ksfir fu.kZ; dks vikLr fd;s tkus dh izkFkZuk dh x;hA [2025:RJ-JP:52013] (3 of 7) [CMA-2621/2009] 4- blds foijhr fo}ku vf/koDrk izR;FkhZ chek dEiuh }kjk vihykFkhZx.k }kjk mBk;s x;s mijksDr rdksZa dk fojks/k fd;k x;k rFkk fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk ikfjr fd;s x;s vk{ksfir fu.kZ; dh iqf"V fd;s tkus o vihykFkhZx.k }kjk izLrqr dh x;h vihy dks fujLr fd;s tkus dk fuosnu fd;k x;kA 5- nksuksa i{kksa dh cgl lquh x;hA i=koyh o fo}ku vf/kdj.k ds vfHkys[k dk voyksdu fd;k x;kA 6- i=koyh ds voyksdu ls izdV gksrk gS fd ekeys dh ?kVuk fnukad 29-08-2005 dh crkbZ x;h gS rFkk oDr ?kVuk nkokdrkZ@vkgr jkeQwy dks iz'uxr okgu thi uEcj&vkj-ts&02lh&1876 esa cSBdj tkuk crk;k x;k gSA bl laca/k esa vihykFkhZx.k }kjk ;g rdZ fy;k x;k gS fd fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk iz'uxr okgu thi dh chek ikWfylh dks ^^,DV vkWuyh ikWfylh** ekurs gq, chek dEiuh dks {kfriwfrZ vnk;xh ds nkf;Ro ls mUeqDr fd;k x;k gSA bl laca/k esa gekjk ekuuk ;g gS fd ^^,DV vkWuyh ikWfylh** vFkok ^^ykbZfcfyVh vkWuyh ikWfylh** os chek ikWfylh gksrh gSa] ftuesa dsoyek= r`rh; i{kdkj dk tksf[ke doj fd;k tkrk gSA ,slh chek ikWfyfl;ksa ds rgr okgu ds vUnj cSBdj ;k=k dj jgs vFkok nksifg;k okgu ds ihNs cSBus okys ;k=h dk tksf[ke doj ugha gksrk gSA ;fn **dEizhgsaflo ikWfylh** ;k ^^iSdst ikWfylh** fdlh okgu ds fy, yh tkrh gS rks ,sls ekeyksa esa xkM+h esa cSBdj ;k=k djus okys ;kf=;ksa vFkok nksifg;k okgu ds ihNs cSBus okys ;k=h dk] i`Fkd ls dksbZ fizfe;e uk Hkh fy;k x;k gks rks Hkh mudk] tksf[ke ikWfylh ds vuqlkj vko`r gksrk gSA bl laca/k esa xokg ,u-,-MCY;w&1 ih-,e- doksfV;k tks fd chek dEiuh dh vksj ls ijhf{kr gqvk gS] us izfrijh{k.k esa ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd izn'kZ&7 chek ikWfylh ^^iSdst ikWfylh** gSA xokg us izfrijh{k.k esa bl rF; dks Lohdkj fd;k gS fd ^^iSdst ikWfylh** dk izhfe;e] ^^,DV vkWuyh ikWfylh** ls vf/kd fy;k tkrk gS] ftlesa okgu dh {kfr dk Hkh tksf[ke vko`r gksrk gSA ^^,DV vkWuyh ikWfylh** dks FkMZ ikVhZ chek ikWfylh Hkh dgk tkrk gSA gLrxr [2025:RJ-JP:52013] (4 of 7) [CMA-2621/2009] ekeys dh ikWfylh ^^iSdst ikWfylh** gS] **,DV vkWuyh ikWfylh** ugha gSA bl izdkj mDr ^^iSdst ikWfylh** ds rgr oDr ?kVuk iz'uxr okgu esa cSBdj ;k=k dj jgh lokfj;ksa dk Hkh tksf[ke vko`r gksrk gSA fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk mDr ^^iSdst ikWfylh** dks ^^,DV vkWuyh ikWfylh** ekurs gq, chek dEiuh dks {kfriwfrZ jkf'k ds nkf;Ro ls mUeqDr fd;k tkdj =qfV dkfjr dh x;h gSA vr% bl laca/k esa vihykFkhZx.k }kjk mBkbZ x;h vkifŸk Lohdkj dh tkrh gS rFkk {kfriwfrZ jkf'k vnk;xh ds fy, chek dEiuh dks mRrjnk;h Bgjk;k tkrk gSA 7- gLrxr ekeys esa fo}ku vf/kdj.k us bl rF; dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, fd ekeys dh ?kVuk iz'uxr okgu o tqxkM okgu] nksuksa ds okgu pkydksa dh ykijokgh ls ?kfVr gqbZ gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa 50 izfr'kr {kfriwfrZ jkf'k vnk;xh ds fy, iz'uxr okgu Lokeh o pkyd tks vihFkhZx.k gS] ij Mkyk x;k gS rFkk ekeys dh ?kVuk esa 50 izfr'kr {kfriwfrZ dk mRrjnk;h tqxkM pkyd@ekfyd dks ekuk x;k gSA pwafd jsLiksaMsaV la[;k&1 DysesaV }kjk dfFkr tqxkM+ ds Lokeh o pkyd dks i{kdkj ugha cuk;k x;k gS] bl dkj.k vihykFkhZx.k dks dsyo 50 izfr'kr {kfriwfrZ jkf'k vnk;xh ds fy, mRrjnk;h Bgjk;k gS rFkk fu/kkZfjr {kfriwfrZ jkf'k dk 50 izfr'kr Hkkx gh DysesaV jsLiksaMsaV uEcj&1 dks izkIr djus dk vf/kdkjh ekuk gSA bl laca/k esa gekjk ekuuk ;g gS fd ekeys ds rF;ksa ds vuqlkj nkokdrkZ jkeQwy oDr ?kVuk dksbZ okgu ugha pyk jgk Fkk cfYd iz'uxr okgu thi esa cSBk Fkk] bl dkj.k nkokdrkZ@vkgr jkeQwy dh ;ksxnk;h mis{kk dk rks iz’u gh ugha mBrkA ;g ekeyk ^^dEiksftV usXyhtsal** dk gSA ^^dEiksftV usXyhtsal** ds ekeys esa ihfM+r O;fDr@DysesaV] nq?kZVuk esa fyIr nksuksa okguksa ds pkyd] Lokeh o chek dEiuh vkfn vFkok fdlh ,d okgu ds pkyd] Lokeh] chek dEiuh ds fo#) Dyse ;kfpdk izLrqr dj ldrk gS o lEiw.kZ Dyse jkf’k izkIr dj ldrk gSA tSlk fd fl)kUr mPpre U;k;ky; us vius U;kf;d n`"Vkar Khenyei Vs. New India Assurance [2025:RJ-JP:52013] (5 of 7) [CMA-2621/2009] Company Limited & Ors. reported in (2015) 9 Supreme Court Cases 273, ds ekeys esa izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS %& “22.1. In the case of composite negligence, the plaintiff/claimant is entitled to sue both or any one of the joint tortfeasors and to recover the entire compensation as liability of joint tortfeasors is joint and several. 22.2. In the case of composite negligence, apportionment of compensation between two tortfeasors vis-a-vis the plaintiff/claimant is not permissible. He can recover at his option whole damages from any of them. 22.3. In case all the joint tortfeasors have been impleaded and evidence is sufficient, it is open to the court/Tribunal to determine inter se extent of composite negligence of the drivers. However, determination of the extent of negligence between the joint tortfeasors is only for the purpose of their inter se liability so that one may recover the sum from the other after making whole of the payment to the plaintiff/claimant to the extent it has satisfied the liability of the other. In case both of them have been impleaded and the apportionment/extent of their negligence has been determined by the court/Tribunal. In the main case one joint tortfeasor can recover the amount from the other in the execution proceedings. 22.4. It would not be appropriate for the court/Tribunal to determine the extent of composite negligence of the drivers of two vehicles in the absence of impleadment of other joint tortfeasors. In such a case, impleaded joint tortfeasor should be left. In case be so desires, to sue the other joint tortfeasor in independent proceedings after passing of the decree or award.” 8- mijksDr U;kf;d n`"Vkar esa izfrikfnr fl)kUr ls Li"V gS fd nkokdrkZ@vkgr jkeQwy tks fd iz'uxr okgu thi esa cSBk Fkk] dh fdlh Hkh izdkj ls ;ksxnk;h mis{kk ugha ekuh tk ldrh rFkk nkokdrkZ@vkgr jkeQwy }kjk iz'uxr okgu ds pkyd] Lokeh o chek dEiuh dks i{kdkj [2025:RJ-JP:52013] (6 of 7) [CMA-2621/2009] ugha cuk;s tkus ls mlds i{k esa fu/kkZfjr {kfriwfrZ jkf’k esa fdlh Hkh izdkj dh dksbZ dVkSrh ugha dh tk ldrhA fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk vius vk{ksfir fu.kZ; esa nkokdrkZ@vkgr jkeQwy dh tks la;qDr mis{kk ekuh tkdj fu/kkZfjr {kfriwfrZ jkf'k esa ls 50 izfr'kr dh dVkSrh dh gS] og =qfViw.kZ gSA bl U;k;ky; }kjk nkokdrkZ@vkgr jkeQwy dh dksbZ la;qDr mis{kk ekeys dh ?kVuk esa ugha ekuh x;h gSA vr% bl U;k;ky; }kjk fu/kkZfjr lEiw.kZ {kfriwfrZ jkf'k] nkokdrkZ@vkgr jkeQwy izkIr djus dk vf/kdkjh ik;k tkrk gSA 9- rnuqlkj mijksDr foospu vuqlkj vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls izLrqr ;g vihy Lohdkj dh tkdj fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk ikfjr vk{ksfir fu.kZ; dks la'kksf/kr fd;k tkdj vkns'k fn;k tkrk gS fd jsLiksaMsaV@DysesaV la[;k&1 fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk fu/kkZfjr leLr {kfriwfrZ jkf'k 80]490@& #i;s] chek dEiuh jsLiksaMsaV la[;k&2 ls izkIr djus dk vf/kdkjh gSA 10- bl ekeys esa bl U;k;ky; ds vkns'k fnukad 18-05-2009 dks vkns'k ikfjr dj fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk fu/kkZfjr {kfriwfrZ jkf'k dk 50 izfr'kr Hkkx vihykFkhZx.k }kjk fo}ku vf/kdj.k esa tek djokus o mls DysesaV dks forj.k djus dk vkns'k fn;k x;k Fkk rFkk 'ks"k jkf'k ckcr~ fo}ku vf/kdj.k ds vk{ksfir fu.kZ; o vokMZ] bl vihy ds fuLrkj.k rd LFkfxr j[kk x;k FkkA pwafd ;g vihy Lohdkj dh tkdj DysesaV@jsLiksaMsaV la[;k&1 dks leLr {kfriwfrZ jkf'k chek dEiuh ls izkIr djus dk vf/kdkjh Bgjk;k x;k gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa chek dEiuh dks vknsf'kr fd;k tkrk gS fd og fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk fu/kkZfjr {kfriwfrZ jkf'k esa ls og Hkkx tks fd vihykFkhZx.k }kjk vnk fd;k tk pqdk gS] dks ?kVkdj 'ks"k jkf'k DysesaV@jsLiksaMsaV e; C;kt vnk djsa rFkk bl U;k;ky; ds vkns'k fnukad 18-05-2009 dh vuqikyuk esa vihykFkhZx.k }kjk tks jkf'k DysesaV dks vnk dj nh x;h gS] ml jkf'k dk Hkqxrku chek dEiuh vihykFkhZx.k dks e; C;kt N% izfr'kr dh nj ls vnk djsA [2025:RJ-JP:52013] (7 of 7) [CMA-2621/2009] 11- vkns’k dh izfr ds lkFk izdj.k dk vfHkys[k lacaf/kr fo}ku vf/kdj.k dks vfoyEc ykSVk;k tkosA 12- rnuqlkj ;g vihy fuLrkfjr dh tkrh gSA 13- lHkh yfEcr izkFkZuk&i=ksa dks Hkh mijksDrkuqlkj fuLrkfjr fd;k tkrk gSA (ASHUTOSH KUMAR),J LOKESH RAJ /11