[2025:RJ-JP:45036] HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN BENCH AT JAIPUR S.B. Civil Second Appeal No. 593/2019 1. Daulat Ram S/o Late Shri Banshi Lal Balai, Aged About 46 Years, Resident Of Jaipur Road, Madanganj Kishangarh, District Ajmer 2. Shankar Lal S/o Late Shri Banshi Lal Balai, Aged About 36 Years, Resident Of Jaipur Road, Madanganj Kishangarh, District Ajmer 3. Smt. Kanta Devi D/o Late Shri Banshi Lal Balai W/o Shri Lalchand Balai, At Present Resident Of Village Gudhamansingh Post Baisaya Raiwal 4. Smt. Tulsi Devi D/o Late Shri Banshi Lal Balai W/o Shri Hanuman, Aged About 46 Years, Jaipur Madanganj Kishangarh, District Ajmer ----Appellants Versus 1. Ram Kishore Gulaniya S/o Shri Ram Gulaniya, Resident Of Village Arani, Tehsil Arani Kishangarh, District Ajmer 2. Up Panjiyak Mahodaya, Kishangarh ----Respondents Connected With S.B. Civil Second Appeal No. 620/2019 1. Daulat Ram S/o Late Shri Banshi Lal Balai, Aged About 46 Years, Resident Of Jaipur Road, Madanganj Kishangarh, District Ajmer 2. Shankar Lal S/o Late Shri Banshi Lal Balai, Aged About 36 Years, Resident Of Jaipur Road, Madanganj Kishangarh, District Ajmer 3. Smt. Kanta Devi D/o Late Shri Banshi Lal Balai W/o Shri Lalchand Balai, Aged About 49 Years, At Present Resident Of Village Gudhamansingh Post Baisaya Raiwal 4. Smt. Tulsi Devi D/o Late Shri Banshi Lal Balai W/o Shri Hanuman, Aged About 46 Years, Jaipur Madanganj Kishangarh, District Ajmer ----Appellants Versus 1. Ram Kishore Gulaniya S/o Shri Ram Gulaniya, Resident Of [2025:RJ-JP:45036] (2 of 7) [CSA-593/2019] Village Arani, Tehsil Arani Kishangarh, District Ajmer 2. Up Panjiyak Mahodaya, Kishangarh ----Respondents For Appellant(s) : Mr. Vinodi Lal Mathur, Adv. Mr. Amit Kumar Dhawan, Adv. For Respondent(s) : Mr. Vikas Kabra, Adv. Ms. Preeti Soni,Adv. HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE UMA SHANKER VYAS Judgment / Order 10/11/2025 1- mijksDr nksuksa vihysa ,d gh oknxzLr lEifRr ls lacf/kr gSa] i{kdkj Hkh leku gS rFkk fookn fcUnq Hkh ,d gh gSa] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa mDr nksuksa vihyksa ij ,d lkFk lquk tkdj ,d gh fu.kZ; ds ek/;e ls fuLrkfjr dh tk jgh gSaA 2- lqlaxr rF; ;g gS fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; ofj"B flfoy U;k;k/kh'k la[;k&1] fd'kux< ftyk&vtesj ds le{k oknh jkefd'kksj dh vksj ls ,d nhokuh okn 16@2010 izfroknh ca'khyky ds fo:) dCtk izkfIr ,oa e/;orhZ ykHk gsrq izLrqr fd;k tks fnukad 30-04-2015 dks fMdzh gqvk] mlds fo:) izfroknh ca'khyky dh e`R;q gksus ij mlds fof/kd okfjlku nkSyr oxSjg dh vksj ls U;k;ky; vij ftyk U;k;k/kh'k la[;k&1 fd'kux< ftyk&vtesj ds le{k vihy la[;k 08@2015 izLrqr dh tks fu.kZ; fnukad 17-09-2019 dks [kkfjt gqbZA 3- mijksDr nhokuh okn 16@2010 jkefd'kksj dh vksj ls izLrqr fd;s tkus ij ca'khyky dh vksj ls nhokuh okn la[;k 04@2011 ca'khyky cuke jkefd'kksj fodz; i= dks fujLr djokus rFkk LFkk;h fu"ks/kkKk ds vuqrks"k ds laca/k esa izLrqr fd;k tks fopkj.k U;k;ky; ofj"B flfoy U;k;k/kh'k la[;k&1] fd'kux< ftyk&vtesj }kjk fu.kZ; fnukad 28-04-2015 ds ek/;e ls [kkfjt fd;k x;k] ftlds fo:) ca'khyky ds fof/kd izfrfuf/kx.k }kjk [2025:RJ-JP:45036] (3 of 7) [CSA-593/2019] izLrqr izFke vihy la[;k 17@2015 fo}ku vij ftyk U;k;k/kh'k la[;k&1 fd'kux< ftyk&vtesj }kjk fu.kZ; fnukad 17-09-2019 ds ek/;e ls [kkfjt dh x;hA 4- mijksDrkuqlkj nksuksa nkos vkSj vihy ca'khyky rFkk mlds fof/kd izfrfuf/kx.k ds fo:) fu.khZr gqbZ gSa] ftlls O;fFkr gksdj ;s nksuksa vihysa ca'khyky ds fof/kd izfrfuf/kx.k nkSyrjke oxS0 dh vksj ls is'k dh x;h gSaA 5- fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ rFkk izR;FkhZ i{k dh cgl lquhA pwafd ;s f}rh; flfoy vihy gS] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa tc rd fof/k dk lkjoku iz'u varoZfyr ugha gks] rc rd lquokbZ gsrq xzg.k ugha dh tk ldrh gSa rFkk fopkj.k o vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk tks fu"d"kZ fn;k x;k gS] mlesa lkekU; :i ls gLr{ksi fd;k tkuk mfpr ugha gSA bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk Boodireddy Chandraiah and Ors. Versus Arigda Laxmi and Anr. AIR 2008 SC 380 ds iSjk la[;k 13 esa fuEufyf[kr fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS %& "13. The general rule is that High Court will not interfere with concurrent findings of the Courts below. But it is not an absolute rule. Some of the well recognized exceptions are where (i) the courts below have ignored material evidence or acted on no evidence; (ii) the courts have drawn wrong inferences from proved facts by applying the law erroneously; or (iii) the courts have wrongly cast the burden of proof. When we refer to 'decision based on no evidence', it not only refers to cases where there is a total dearth of evidence, but also refers to any case, where the evidence, taken as a whole, is not reasonably capable of supporting the finding." 6- ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk vU; U;kf;d fu.kZ; Gurnam Singh vs. Lehna Singh 2019 (7) SCC 641 esa Hkh mijksDr er O;Dr djrs gq, ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd f}rh; vihy esa lk{; dk iqu% fo'ys"k.k o foospu vuqKs; ugha gS] mijksDr fu.kZ; dk lqlaxr Hkkx fuEukuqlkj gS%& [2025:RJ-JP:45036] (4 of 7) [CSA-593/2019] "Before parting with the present judgment, we remind the High Courts that the jurisdiction of the High Court, in an appeal under Section 100 CPC, is strictly confined to the case involving substantial question of law and while deciding the second appeal under Section 100 CPC, it is not permissible for the High Court to reappreciate the evidence on record and interfere with the findings recorded by the courts below and/or the first appellate court and if the first appellate court has exercised its discretion in a judicial manner, its decision cannot be recorded as suffering from an error either of law or of procedure requiring interference in second appeal. We have noticed and even as repeatedly observed by this Court and even in Narayanan Rajendran v. Lekshmy Sarojini [Narayanan Rajendran v. Lekshmy Sarojini, (2009) 5 SCC 264 : (2009) 2 SCC (Civ) 500] , despite the catena of decisions of this Court and even the mandate under Section 100 CPC, the High Courts under Section 100 CPC are disturbing the concurrent findings of facts and/or even the findings recorded by the first appellate court, either without formulating the substantial question of law or on framing erroneous substantial question of law." 7- fof/k dk lkjoku iz'u D;k gksxk] bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk Santosh Hazari Versus Purushottam Tiwari (Dead) by L.Rs AIR 2001 SC 965 ds iSjk la[;k&12 esa fuEufyf[kr fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS%& "12. The phrase 'substantial question of law', as occurring in the amended Section 100 is not defined in the Code. The word substantial, as qualifying 'question of law', means — of having substance, essential, real, of sound worth, important or considerable. It is to be understood as something in contradistinction with — technical, of no substance or consequence, or academic merely. However, it is clear that the legislature has chosen not to qualify the scope of 'substantial question of law' by [2025:RJ-JP:45036] (5 of 7) [CSA-593/2019] suffixing the words “of general importance” as has been done in many other provisions such as Section 109 of the Code or Article 133(1)(a) of the Constitution. The substantial question of law on which a second appeal shall be heard need not necessarily be a substantial question of law of general importance. In Guran Ditta v. T. Ram Ditta [AIR 1928 PC 172 : 55 IA 235] , the phrase 'substantial question of law' as it was employed in the last clause of the then existing Section 110 CPC (since omitted by the Amendment Act, 1973) came up for consideration and their Lordships held that it did not mean a substantial question of general importance but a substantial question of law which was involved in the case as between the parties......" 8- fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ i{k dk ;g rdZ gS fd ca'khyky vkSj mlds fof/kd izfrfuf/kx.k nkSyr vkfn dks oknxzLr lEifRr esa ykbZlsalh Hkh gksuk ekuk tkos rc Hkh ykbZlsal iznkrk dh vuqefr ls oknxzLr lEifRr esa ykbZlsalh dh vksj ls lkjoku LFkk;h izd`fr dk fuekZ.k dk;Z fd;k x;k gS] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa Hkkjrh; lq[kkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e&1882 ¼vkxs ^^vf/kfu;e&1882^^ dgk tkosxk½ dh /kkjk&60 ds rgr vc ;g ykbZlsal vizfrlgj.kh; ¼irrevocable½ gks pqdk gS] ysfdu bl fof/kd fcUnq ij fo}ku fopkj.k vFkok izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk fopkj rd ugha fd;k x;k gS] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa fo}ku fopkj.k rFkk izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; fof/k&fo:) gksus ls vikLr gksus rFkk f}rh; vihy eatwj gksus ;ksX; gSaA 9- blds foijhr fo}ku vf/koDrk izR;FkhZ jkefd'kksj dk fuosnu gS fd oknxzLr lEifRr izfroknh ca'khyky }kjk jkefd'kksj dks fnukad 25-04-2000 ds iathd`r fodz; foys[k ds tfj;s fodz; dj nh Fkh rFkk dqN le; ds fy, ca'khyky }kjk jgus dh vuqefr pkgh Fkh tks jkefd'kksj }kjk iznku dh x;h] ysfdu mlds }kjk fcuk vuqefr ls ekSds ij fuekZ.k dk;Z dj fy;k] bl vk/kkj ij ykbZlsal fujLr dj fn;k x;kA mudk ;g Hkh fuosnu gS fd nksuksa gh nkoksa esa fu.kZ; Hkw&Lokeh jkefd'kksj ds i{k esa gq, gSa] rF;ksa vkSj [2025:RJ-JP:45036] (6 of 7) [CSA-593/2019] lk{; dk f}rh; vihy esa iqu% foospu vuqKs; ugha gS] vUr esa vihyk/khu nksuksa fu.kZ; fof/k&lEer gksuk crkrs gq, mDr nksuksa vihy [kkfjt fd;s tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA 10- lqlaxr rF; ;g gS fd oknxzLr edku ca'khyky ds LokfeRo o vf/kdkj dk jgk] mlds }kjk ;g lEifRr fnukad 25-04-2000 ds iathd`r fodz; foys[k ds ek/;e ls jkefd'kksj dks fodz; dj nhA jkefd'kksj ds vuqlkj ca'khyky ds ikl jgus ds fy, rRdky dksbZ O;oLFkk ugha Fkh] vr% mlds }kjk dqN le; ds fy, vuqer fd;k x;k Fkk] ysfdu ekSds ij voS/k fuekZ.k djus dh lwjr esa ykbZlsal fujLr dj fn;k x;k] bl vk/kkj ij jkefd'kksj dh vksj ls nhokuh okn la[;k 16@2010 dCtk izkfIr o e/;orhZ ykHk ds fy, izLrqr fd;k] ftlds foijhr ca'khyky dh vksj ls nhokuh okn la[;k 04@2011 izLrqr dj vfHkdfFkr fd;k fd fodz;i= fnukad 25-04-2000 ca'khyky dks /kks[ks esa j[kdj fu"ikfnr djk;k x;k gSA 11- nksuksa okn dk fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk i`Fkd&i`Fkd fopkj.k fd;k x;k] rnqijkUr miyC/k ekSf[kd o nLrkosth lk{; ds vk/kkj ij ;g fu"d"kZ fn;k fd fodz;i= fnukafdr 25-04-2000 lpsr voLFkk esa ca'khyky }kjk jkefd'kksj ds i{k esa fu"ikfnr fd;k x;k gS vkSj jkefd'kksj bl lEifRr dk Lokeh rFkk ca'khyky fodzsrk ds mijkUr ykbZlsalh gSA 12- vihykFkhZ ds fo}ku vf/koDrk }kjk ;g fof/kd vkifRr yh x;h gS fd ca'khyky ds }kjk oknxzLr lEifRr ij fuekZ.k fd;s tkus ds mijkUr ;g ykbZlsal vizfrlgj.kh; ¼irrevocable½ gks pqdk gS vkSj ,slh fLFkfr esa izR;FkhZ dks dCtk izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj vc 'ks"k ugha jgk gSA vius rdksaZ ds leFkZu esa U;kf;d n`"VkUr Ram Sarup Gupta (dead) by L.R. Vs. Bishun Narain Inter College and others AIR 1987 SC 1242 izLrqr fd;k] ftldk llEeku voyksdu fd;k x;kA mijksDr ekeys esa dzsrk }kjk ifjlj [kjhns tkus ls iwoZ gh dkfcr O;fDr ds i{k esa vizfrlgj.kh; ykbZlsal Fkk rFkk tks Hkh fuekZ.k ekSds ij gqvk] mlds fy, vuqKfIrnkrk dh foofNr lgefr jgh gSA orZeku ekeys esa ca'khyky }kjk fd;s x;s fuekZ.k ds laca/k esa jkefd'kksj vkfn dh dksbZ izR;{k vFkok foofNr lgefr jgh gks] ,slh fLFkfr ugha gSA fdlh ykbZlsalh }kjk ;fn ekSds ij dksbZ voS/k fuekZ.k [2025:RJ-JP:45036] (7 of 7) [CSA-593/2019] dk;Z fd;k tkrk gS rks ek= bl vk/kkj ij ykbZlsalh vizfrlgj.kh; ¼irrevocable½ ugha gks ldrk gSA bl izdkj mijksDr fu.kZ; rF;ksa esa fHkUurk ds dkj.k orZeku ekeys esa iz;ksT; ugha gSA 13- iwoksZDr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa esa izfrikfnr O;oLFkk o f}rh; vihy ds Ldksi vkfn ds lanHkZ esa vfHkys[k ij miyC/k lkexzh o lk{; dk /;kuiwoZd voyksdu djus ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd nksuksa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa }kjk vfHkys[k ij miyC/k rF;ksa] ifjfLFkfr;ksa ,oa Lohd`fr dh vuns[kh dh gks ;k tks rF; vfHkys[k ij miyC/k ugha gSa] mu ij fopkj fd;k gks ;k lkfcr rF;ksa ds laca/k esa dksbZ xyr bUÝsal gks] ,slk n`f"Vxr ugha gksrk gS] fo}ku fopkj.k rFkk vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk miyC/k lk{; o lkexzh dk lgh :i ls fo'ys"k.k o foospu fd;k gS rFkk fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ;ksa dh iqf"V fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk dh x;h gS] bl izdkj leorhZ rF;kRed fu"d"kZ jgs gaS] blfy, mijksDr fu.kZ;ksa esa gLr{ksi fd, tkus ds dksbZ fof/klEer vk/kkj ugha gSA 14- vr% nksuksa gh v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa }kjk mDr lEcU/k esa vfHkfyf[kr leorhZ rF;kRed fu"d"kksZa esa fdlh izdkj dh dksbZ =qfV vFkok izfrdwyrk ugha gksus ls o izLrqr nksuksa gh f}rh; vihyksa esa fof/k dk dksbZ lkjHkwr iz'u ugha gksus ls mDr vihysa xzg.kkFkZ Lrj ij gh fujLr fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSa] tks ,rn~}kjk fujLr dh tkrh gSaA 15- LFkxu vkosnu o vU; vkosnu] ;fn dksbZ yafcr gksa] rks os Hkh mDrkuqlkj fuLrkfjr fd;s tkrs gSaA fu.kZ; dh izfr ds lkFk vfHkys[k vfoyEc ykSVk;s tkosaA (UMA SHANKER VYAS),J Mittal /100-101