- 1 - !" # $!%!&!! !!&& '( ) * ! " ! # $ ! "% " "& $ " % '!("" " "& $ " % !( ) "& $ " % !( * + "& $ " % !( $* "% " " ,!("" Digitally signed by SUMITRA SHERIGAR Location: HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA - 2 - $ % !& &$% & " * & & , *!( '"$% !& &$% # $ ! " - * !% " $% ! .% * ," " /% " *' * , !" " 0 ! " "" ! " ( ( "1 " % "2.34562.37892:5;<3=9/=56;>42; 6>; .??2.@ >; <>@24 /A 562 :;83.:B2 =9?.:A .7.>:;556284792:5.:4.C.344.524*'?.;;24 - 3 - >: =* , /A 562 44>5>=:.@ 2:>=3 >D>@ 8472 .:4 >4.3 :2 6.E.@> :F.::. 925 C>56 . 3=.4 53.<<>B .BB>42:5 =: ">; C><2 B6>@432: .:4 9=5623 6.D2 <>@24 B@.>9 ?25>5>=: ;22E>:7 B=9?2:;.5>=: =< ; .@=:7 C>56 >:5232;5 62 3>/8:.@ B=:;>423>:75622:5>322D>42:B2=:32B=34.C.3424.;89 =< ;', .@=:7 C>56 >:5232;5 .5 562 3.52 =< 'G >:5232;5<3=95624.52=<?25>5>=:5>@@5624.52=<32.@>H.5>=: .:4 4>32B524 562 :;83.:B2 =9?.:A 5= 42?=;>5 562 B=9?2:;.5>=:.9=8:5C>56>:.?23>=4=<;>I5A4.A; * 773>2D24 /A 562 ;.>4 =3423 562 :;83.:B2 =9?.:A 6.; ?32<23324 56>; .??2.@ >: C6>B6 >5 >; B=:52:42456.5562@>./>@>5AC.;<.;52:24=:562 :;83.:B2 =9?.:A C>56=85 ?3=?23@A .??32B>.5>:7 562 9.523>.@ =: 32B=34 62 9.::23 =< .BB>42:5 >; 92:5>=:24 >: 425.>@ >: 562B=9?@.>:5.:4 6242B2.;24C.;5623>423=<562 9=5=3BAB@2 62 6>9;2@< 4.;624 5= . ?.3E24 538BE .:4 - 4 - ;8;5.>:24 >:F83>2; .:4 4>24 <.@;2 B=9?@.>:5 >; 9.42 .7.>:;556243>D23=<562538BE6243>D23=<562538BE6.; :=D.@>4.:42<<2B5>D243>D>:7@>B2:B2.:4562538BEC.;:=5 6=@4>:7?239>5.;=:5624.52=<562.BB>42:562?239>5 C.;>:<=3B2<3=9**5='.:4.BB>42:5 5==E ?@.B2 =: 62 3>/8:.@ <.>@24 5= .??32B>.52562B=:53>/85=3A:27@>72:B2=</=563>423=<562 9=5=3BAB@2 .:4 562 ;5.5>=:24 538BE 5 >; <835623 ;5.524 56.5 562 >:5232;5.C.3424 /A562 3>/8:.@ .5 'G >;5= /2 3248B245=,G 5 C.; ;5.524 56.5 6.E.@> :F.::. C.; .724 A2.3; C=3E>:7 .; 6=/> .:4 2.3:>:7 ; ?23 9=:56 /85 62 6.; :=5 ?3=48B24 .:A >:B=92 ?3==< 6232<=325623>/8:.@6.;5.E2:6>;>:B=92.5;, ?239=:56>:B262925C>56.:.BB>42:5=: .;?2356278>42@>:2;=<562&.3:.5.E.5.5227.@23D>B2; 856=3>5A 6>; >:B=92 >; 5= /2 5.E2: .5 ; ?23 9=:56 - 5 - , 62 "=:J/@2 ?2I =835 >: 562 4>B589 =< 62@4 56.5 562 <85832 ?3=;?2B5; =< >:B=92 =< 562 ;2@<29?@=A24 42B2.;24 ;6.@@ .@;= /2 >:B@8424 >: 425239>:.5>=:=<562B=9?2:;.5>=:68;B=:;>423>:7562 .72=<56242B2.;24*G=<562>:B=926.;5=/2.4424 5=C.34; <85832 ?3=;?2B5; .:4 568; 562 .9=8:5 C=8@4 /2B=92;' ?239=:56$K% ;?2356278>42@>:2;=<562"=:J/@2?2I=835 >: 562 4>B589 =< *56 =< 562 >:B=92 =< 562 42B2.;24 5=C.34;6>;?23;=:.@2I?2:;2;6.;5=/24248B52468; 562 >:B=92 =< 562 42B2.;24 .<523 4248B5>:7 ?23;=:.@ 2I?2:;2; B=92; 5= ; ?23 9=:56 $'*% 623>/8:.@6.;B=:;>42324562.72=<56242B2.;24.; A2.3; .:4 6.; 3>765@A .??@>24 562 98@5>?@>23 .; , 1 (2017) 16 SCC 680 2 (2009) 6 SCC 121 - 6 - 6232<=32 @=;; =< 42?2:42:BA C=8@4 /2 ;* $II,% 835623 562 "=:J/@2 8?3292 =835 /A 32>523.5>:7 562 B=9?3262:;>D2 >:523?325.5>=: =< LB=:;=35>89J 7>D2: >: 562 .856=3>5A =< ! " # " $ % .:4 >: 562 .856=3>5A /25C22: & ! '()' *<=35><>24 56.5562.9=8:5;<=3@=;;=<B=:;=35>89;6.@@/2.C.3424 5=562B6>@432:C6=@=;2562B.32.:4?3=52B5>=:=<562>3 ?.32:5; .; L?.32:5.@ B=:;=35>89J .:4 5= 562 ?.32:5; .; L<>@>.@B=:;=35>89J<=3562@=;;=<562>373=C:8?B6>@432:5= B=9?2:;.52 562>3 .7=:A @=D2 .:4 .<<2B5>=: B.32 .:4 B=9?.:>=:;6>? =< 42B2.;24 B6>@432: .:4 5= 562 ;83D>D>:7 ;?=8;2<=3@=;;=<B=9?.:A.<<2B5>=:.:4.>4=<562=5623 .; L;?=8;.@ B=:;=35>89J BB=34>:7@A >5 >; F8;5 .:4 3 (2018) 18 SCC 130 4 (2020) 9 SCC 644 - 7 - 32.;=:./@25=.C.34;* 5=B@.>9.:5=5=C.34; ;?=8;.@B=:;=35>89;* 2.B65=B@.>9.:5=;5= * 5=C.34; ?.32:5.@ B=:;=35>89 .:4 ;* 5= B@.>9.:5=5=C.34;<>@>.@B=:;=35>89 ' 62A .32 .@;= 2:5>5@24 <=3 .: .9=8:5 =< ; 8:423 562 B=:D2:5>=:.@ 62.4; .; ?23 562 B>5.5>=: >: 562 B.;2 =< "2:B2 562 B=9?2:;.5>=: >; 32.;;2;;24 .; 8:423( =;;=<42?2:42:BA ;* =;;=<B=:;=35>89$;*I% ; =:D2:5>=:.@ 62.4; $@=;; =< 2;5.52 .:4<8:23.@2I?2:;2;% ; =5.@ ;,* 68; 562 B@.>9.:5; .32 2:5>5@24 <=3 5=5.@ B=9?2:;.5>=: =< ;,* C>56 >:5232;5 .5 ,G ?. <3=9 562 4.52 =< ?25>5>=: 5>@@ 32.@>H.5>=: .; .7.>:;5 ;', .;.C.3424/A5623>/8:.@ - 8 - 2.3:24 B=8:;2@ <=3 562 .??2@@.:5 :;83.:B2 =9?.:A B=:52:424 56.5 562 43>D23 =< 562 =<<2:4>:7 D26>B@26.;:=D.@>443>D>:7@>B2:B2.:4:=D.@>4?239>5; ;8B6 562 :;83.:B2 =9?.:A >; :=5 @>./@2 5= ?.A 562 B=9?2:;.5>=: ;?2356278>42@>:2;=<562"=:J/@2?2I=835 >:5624>B589=<#+,56>;=835<>:4;>5 32.;=:./@2 5= 4>32B5 562 :;83.:B2 =9?.:A 5= ?.A 562 B=9?2:;.5>=: .9=8:5 .:4 32B=D23 562 ;.92 <3=9 562 =C:23=<562D26>B@2 :56232;8@5562<=@@=C>:7=3423>;?.;;24( $>% 62.??2.@>;.@@=C24>:?.35 $>>% 62.??2@@.:5 :;83.:B2=9?.:A>;4>32B5245= ?.A 562 B=9?2:;.5>=: .9=8:5 =< ;,* C>56 >:5232;5.5,G?23.::89<3=95624.52=<?25>5>=:5>@@>5; 32.@>;.5>=:"=C2D23562.??2@@.:5>;.5@>/235A5=32B=D23 5 - 9 - 562;.92<3=9562=C:23=<562D26>B@2/A482?3=B2;;=< @.C $>>>% 62 .??2@@.:5>:;83.:B2 B=9?.:A ;6.@@ 42?=;>5 562B=9?2:;.5>=:C>56>:=:29=:56<3=95624.52=<56>; =3423 $>D% 62 .??=35>=:92:5 32@2.;2 .:4 42?=;>5 =< 562 B=9?2:;.5>=:;6.@@/2.;?23562.C.34=<5623>/8:.@ $D% 62.??2@@.:5>:;83.:B2B=9?.:A6.;42?=;>524 G=<562.C.34.9=8:5/2<=3256>;=835.:4562;.92 >;5=/253.:;9>55245=5623>/8:.@<=34>;/83;292:5 $D>% 62;5.585=3A42?=;>59.42/A562.??2@@.:5>; .@;=5=/253.:;9>55245=5623>/8:.@ +,- '&!! ) % " >;5=(@=(