[2025:RJ-JP:46393] HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN BENCH AT JAIPUR S.B. Civil Second Appeal No. 194/2018 Smt. Chandrakanta, D/o Late Shri Devdutt, R/o Adarsh Mohalla, Purani Mandi, Ajmer Rajasthan ----Appellant Versus 1. 2. 3. 4. Smt. Vimla Devi W/o late Shri Bhanwarlal R/o Main Choraha, Vishnu Optician Sojat city, Dist. Pali (Deceased). Vishnu Dutt S/o Devdutt Bhatnagar, (Deceased) R/o Main Crossing Vishnu Opticians Sojat City, Dist. Pali Ganesh Dutt S/o Devdutt Bhatnagar, R/o Main Crossing Vishnu Opticians Sojat City, Dist. Pali Sunil Dutt S/o Devdutt Bhatnagar, R/o Main Crossing Vishnu Opticians Sojat City, Dist. Pali 5. Sub- Registrar, Office Of The Sub- Registrar, Tehsil Premises, Sarvad, Dist. Ajmer. 6. Ikra Usmani D/o Sayed Arif Usmani, (Minor)Through Her Mother Smt Nazima Usmani W/o Sayed Arif Hussain And Through Father Sayed Arif Hussain S/o Sayed Ahmad Hussain Usmani, R/o 398/14, Phool Gali , Near Dargah Sharif, Ajmer. ----Respondents For Appellant(s) : Mr. Ajit Bhandari, Sr. Counsel assisted by Mr. Jai Sharma, Adv. For Respondent(s) : HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE UMA SHANKER VYAS Judgment / Order 18/11/2025 1- vihykFkhZ&oknh;k dh vksj ls ;g f}rh; vihy vUrxZr /kkjk 100 lh- ih-lh- fo}ku vij ftyk U;k;k/kh'k] dsdMh ftyk&vtesj }kjk nhokuh fu;fer vihy la[;k 51@2010 esa ikfjr fu.kZ; o fMdzh fnukad 22-01-2018 ls O;fFkr gksdj is'k dh gS ftlds ek/;e ls vihykFkhZ&oknh;k dh vihy [kkfjt djrs gq, fo}ku flfoy U;k;k/kh'k ¼d0[k0½] ljokM ftyk&vtesj }kjk nhokuh okn la[;k 3@2000 esa ikfjr fu.kZ;@fMØh [2025:RJ-JP:46393] (2 of 5) [CSA-194/2018] fnukad 02-08-2010 dh iqf"V dh x;h] ftlds ek/;e ls vihykFkhZ&oknh;k dk okn ckcr~ LFkk;h fu"ks/kkKk [kkfjt fd;k x;kA 2- fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ&oknh;k dh cgl lquhA pwafd ;g f}rh; flfoy vihy gS] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa tc rd fof/k dk lkjoku iz'u varoZfyr ugha gks] rc rd lquokbZ gsrq xzg.k ugha dh tk ldrh gS rFkk fopkj.k o vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk tks fu"d"kZ fn;k x;k gS] mlesa lkekU; :i ls gLr{ksi fd;k tkuk mfpr ugha gSA bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk Boodireddy Chandraiah and Ors. Versus Arigda Laxmi and Anr. AIR 2008 SC 380 ds iSjk la[;k 13 esa fuEufyf[kr fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS %& "13. The general rule is that High Court will not interfere with concurrent findings of the Courts below. But it is not an absolute rule. Some of the well recognized exceptions are where (i) the courts below have ignored material evidence or acted on no evidence; (ii) the courts have drawn wrong inferences from proved facts by applying the law erroneously; or (iii) the courts have wrongly cast the burden of proof. When we refer to 'decision based on no evidence', it not only refers to cases where there is a total dearth of evidence, but also refers to any case, where the evidence, taken as a whole, is not reasonably capable of supporting the finding." 3- ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk vU; U;kf;d fu.kZ; Gurnam Singh vs. Lehna Singh 2019 (7) SCC 641 esa Hkh mijksDr er O;Dr djrs gq, ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd f}rh; vihy esa lk{; dk iqu% fo'ys"k.k o foospu vuqKs; ugha gS] mijksDr fu.kZ; dk lqlaxr Hkkx fuEukuqlkj gS%& "Before parting with the present judgment, we remind the High Courts that the jurisdiction of the High Court, in an appeal under Section 100 CPC, is strictly confined to the case involving substantial question of law and while deciding the second appeal under Section 100 CPC, it is not permissible for the High Court to reappreciate the [2025:RJ-JP:46393] (3 of 5) [CSA-194/2018] evidence on record and interfere with the findings recorded by the courts below and/or the first appellate court and if the first appellate court has exercised its discretion in a judicial manner, its decision cannot be recorded as suffering from an error either of law or of procedure requiring interference in second appeal. We have noticed and even as repeatedly observed by this Court and even in Narayanan Rajendran v. Lekshmy Sarojini [Narayanan Rajendran v. Lekshmy Sarojini, (2009) 5 SCC 264 : (2009) 2 SCC (Civ) 500] , despite the catena of decisions of this Court and even the mandate under Section 100 CPC, the High Courts under Section 100 CPC are disturbing the concurrent findings of facts and/or even the findings recorded by the first appellate court, either without formulating the substantial question of law or on framing erroneous substantial question of law." 4- fof/k dk lkjoku iz'u D;k gksxk] bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk Santosh Hazari Versus Purushottam Tiwari (Dead) by L.Rs AIR 2001 SC 965 ds iSjk la[;k&12 esa fuEufyf[kr fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS%& "12. The phrase 'substantial question of law', as occurring in the amended Section 100 is not defined in the Code. The word substantial, as qualifying 'question of law', means — of having substance, essential, real, of sound worth, important or considerable. It is to be understood as something in contradistinction with — technical, of no substance or consequence, or academic merely. However, it is clear that the legislature has chosen not to qualify the scope of 'substantial question of law' by suffixing the words “of general importance” as has been done in many other provisions such as Section 109 of the Code or Article 133(1)(a) of the Constitution. The substantial question of law on which a second appeal shall be heard need not necessarily be a substantial question of law of general importance. In Guran Ditta v. [2025:RJ-JP:46393] (4 of 5) [CSA-194/2018] T. Ram Ditta [AIR 1928 PC 172 : 55 IA 235] , the phrase 'substantial question of law' as it was employed in the last clause of the then existing Section 110 CPC (since omitted by the Amendment Act, 1973) came up for consideration and their Lordships held that it did not mean a substantial question of general importance but a substantial question of law which was involved in the case as between the parties......" 5- fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ&oknh;k dk ;g rdZ gS fd orZeku ekeys esa izfroknh dze&1 }kjk pqukSrhxzLr olh;r izn'kZ&1 ij izfroknh dze&1 ds firk ds gLrk{kj gksuk Lohdkj fd;k gS] vr% ;g nLrkost izfroknh i{kdkj dh vksj ls Lohd`r gks tkus ls vyx ls lk{; dh vko';drk ugh Fkh] ysfdu mlds ckotwn fo}ku fopkj.k rFkk vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk izn'kZ&1 olh;r dks izekf.kr ugha ekuk gSA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; rFkk vihyh; U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; vuqfpr vkSj euekuk gS] egRoiw.kZ lk{; dks utjvankt fd;k x;k gS] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa mDr nksuksa vk{ksfir fu.kZ; vikLr gksus ;ksX; gSaA 6- lqlaxr rF; ;g gS fd oknh;k }kjk fopkj.k U;k;ky; esa okn izLrqr dj vfHkdfFkr fd;k fd mlds ukuk rFkk izfroknh dze&1 ds firk Hkaojyky us fnukad 20-10-1986 dks ,d olh;r ¼izn'kZ&1½ fu"ikfnr dh Fkh] rnuqlkj olh;r esa mYysf[kr edku Hkojyky th ds thoudky esa mudk] mudh e`R;q ds i'pkr mudh iRuh rFkk mudh iRuh dh e`R;q ds mijkUr okfn;k rFkk izfroknh dze&1 tks fd dze'k% iq=h o ekrk gSa] dks olh;r fd;k x;k FkkA Hkaojyky th rFkk mudh iRuh dh e`R;q gks pqdh gS vkSj bl fLFkfr esa izn'kZ&1 olh;r ds vk/kkj ij oknh;k rFkk izfroknh dze&1 nksuksa dk vk/kk&vk/kk fgLlk gksuk crkrs gq, lEifRr ds mi;ksx vkfn esa ck/kk mRiUu ugha djus ds ckcr~ okfn;k }kjk LFkk;h fu"ks/kkKk pkgh x;h gSA 7- fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk izn'kZ&1 olh;r dks izekf.kr ugha ekuk x;k rFkk fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk ;g vfHker izdV fd;k fd izfroknh dze&1 }kjk bl olh;r dks QthZ gksuk crk;k gS rFkk Hkkjrh; mRrjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e] 1928 dh /kkjk&63 ds vuqlkj olh;r esa nks [2025:RJ-JP:46393] (5 of 5) [CSA-194/2018] vuqizek.kd lk{khx.k dk gksuk vko';d gS rFkk Hkkjrh; lk{; vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk&68 ds vuqlkj nksuksa vuqizek.kd ;fn thfor gSa rFkk lk{; nsus gsrq l{ke gksdj U;k;ky; dh vknsf'kdk ds v/khu gSa rks muesa ls de ls de ,d dks U;k;ky; esa crkSj lk{kh ijhf{kr djk;k tkdj olh;r ds fu"iknu dks izekf.kr djk;k tkuk vko';d gS] vU;Fkk ,slh olh;r lk{; gsrq mi;ksx esa ugh yh tkosxh vkSj ;gh vfHker izdV djrs gq, izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk okfn;k dh vihy [kkfjt dh gSA 8- iwoksZDr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa esa izfrikfnr O;oLFkk o f}rh; vihy ds Ldksi vkfn ds lanHkZ esa vfHkys[k ij miyC/k lkexzh o lk{; dk /;kuiwoZd voyksdu djus ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd nksuksa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa }kjk vfHkys[k ij miyC/k rF;ksa] ifjfLFkfr;ksa ,oa Lohd`fr dh vuns[kh dh gks ;k tks rF; vfHkys[k ij miyC/k ugha gS] ml ij fopkj fd;k gks ;k lkfcr rF;ksa ds laca/k esa dksbZ xyr bUÝsal gks] ,slk n`f"Vxr ugha gksrk gS] fo}ku fopkj.k rFkk vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk miyC/k lk{; o lkexzh dk lgh :i ls fo'ys"k.k o foospu fd;k gS rFkk fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; dh iqf"V fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk dh x;h gS] bl izdkj leorhZ rF;kRed fu"d"kZ jgk gaS] blfy, mijksDr fu.kZ;ksa esa gLr{ksi fd, tkus ds dksbZ fof/klEer vk/kkj ugha gSA 9- vr% nksuksa gh v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa }kjk mDr lEcU/k esa vfHkfyf[kr leorhZ rF;kRed fu"d"kksZa esa fdlh izdkj dh dksbZ =qfV vFkok izfrdwyrk ugha gksus ls o bl f}rh; vihy esa fof/k dk dksbZ lkjHkwr iz'u ugha gksus ls ;g f}rh; vihy xzg.kkFkZ Lrj ij gh fujLr fd;s tkus ;ksX; gS] tks ,rn~}kjk fujLr dh tkrh gSA 10- LFkxu vkosnu o vU; vkosnu] ;fn dksbZ yafcr gksa] rks os Hkh mDrkuqlkj fuLrkfjr fd;s tkrs gSaA fu.kZ; dh izfr ds lkFk vfHkys[k rqjUr ykSVk;k tkosA (UMA SHANKER VYAS),J Mittal /6