CRM-M-14468-2025 -1- 225 IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH CRM-M-14468-2025 DECIDED ON: 21.03.2025 RAVI KUMAR .....PETITIONER VERSUS STATE OF PUNJAB .....RESPONDENT CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SANDEEP MOUDGIL Present: Mr. Parminder Singh Sekhon , Advocate for the petitioner. Mr. Jasjit Singh Rattu, DAG Punjab. SANDEEP MOUDGIL, J (ORAL) 1. Prayer The jurisdiction of this Court under Section 439 Cr.P.C. (483 of the BNSS, 2023) for grant of regular bail to the petitioner in case FIR NO. 301 dated 02.11.2018 Under Section 21 of NDPS Act, P.S. Patran, District Patiala. 2. Facts Facts as narrated in the FIR reads as under:- “Stated that myself SHO PS Patran, ASI Harmail Singh No. 2193/Patiala, Constable Balwinder Singh 338/Patiala and Nirpal Singh 499/Patiala all in private vehicle were going for patrolling on Jakhal Road via village Diohad, Hariaan Khurd. That when we reached hear Gaunshalla Bus stand, Diohad, then our secret informant stopped our vehicle and informed me that Ravi Kumar' son of Raj Kumar caste Dhanak, resident Jakhal Road, Dhanak Basti, Patran, is indulged in the business of selling MEENU 2025.03.21 18:40 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document CRM-M-14468-2025 -2- Heroin/Smack, who brings it from other states and sell it in nearby places of Patran. That today also he is coming from. Jakhal Side to Patran with heavy amount of Heroin/Smach on his Hero Splendor Motor-Cycle No. PB 11 CL 7553. That if a Nakka is laid by police here only to check the motor-cycles coming from Jakhal side then Ravi Kumar can be arrested along with Heroin/ Smack. Information is Correct and trustworthy. That Ravi Kumar has committed an offence u/ sec 21/61/85 of NDPS Act by keeping Heroin/ Smack with him. That a Ruga regarding offence against Ravi Kumar, through Constable Nirpal Singh 499/Pat is forward to Police Station, same be registered and file be put-up, I/C Control-Room Patiala be informed and to carry further proceedings eligible officers be sent on the spot. After giving all necessary details to officers Nakka is laid and checking of Motor- cycles is started at Jakhal road at 12:45 PM. After receiving the ruga from ASI Jagan Nath ASI PS/Patran dated 2.11.2018 FIR is registered and the copy of FIR is forwarded through Post to Illaqa Magistrate and other Officials and I/C Control Romm Patiala is being informed.” 3. Contentions: On behalf of the petitioner Learned counsel for the petitioner submits that the petitioner has been falsely implicated in the present case and no recovery was effected from his conscious possession. He further submits that recovery of contraband i.e., 260 grams of heroin is marginally over and above the commercial quantity. He asserts that the case of the prosecution is based upon secret information, but the provisions of Section 42 of NDPS Act, 1985 was not complied with. On behalf of the State Learned State counsel has filed the custody certificate of the petitioner, which is taken on record. He prays for dismissal of the present MEENU 2025.03.21 18:40 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document CRM-M-14468-2025 -3- petition stating that the petitioner is a habitual offender, as he is involved in other cases. 4. Analysis The custody period undergone by the petitioner i.e., 1 year, 7 months and 9 days and the quantity of contraband is marginally over and above the commercial quantity added with the fact that investigation is complete, challan stands presented on 14.06.2024, charges have been framed on 13.08.2024 and out of total 13 prosecution witnesses, only three have been examined so far, meaning thereby conclusion of trial shall take considerable time, no useful purpose would be served by keeping the petitioner behind the bars, wherein “bail is a rule and jail is an exception” and it would also violate the principle of right to speedy trial and expeditious disposal under Article 21 of Constitution of India, as has been time and again discussed by this Court, while relying upon the judgment of the Apex Court passed in Dataram Singh vs. State of Uttar Pradesh & Anr. 2018(2) R.C.R. (Criminal) 131. Relevant paras of the said judgment is reproduced as under:- “2. A fundamental postulate of criminal jurisprudence is the presumption of innocence, meaning thereby that a person is believed to be innocent until found guilty. However, there are instances in our criminal law where a reverse onus has been placed on an accused with regard to some specific offences but that is another matter and does not detract from the fundamental postulate in respect of other offences. Yet another important facet of our criminal jurisprudence is that the grant of bail is the general rule and putting a person in jail or in a prison or in a correction home (whichever expression one may wish to use) is an exception. Unfortunately, some of these basic principles appear to have been lost sight of with the result that more and more persons are being incarcerated and for longer periods. This does not do any good to our criminal jurisprudence or to our society. MEENU 2025.03.21 18:40 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document CRM-M-14468-2025 -4- 3. There is no doubt that the grant or denial of bail is entirely the discretion of the judge considering a case but even so, the exercise of judicial discretion has been circumscribed by a large number of decisions rendered by this Court and by every High Court in the country. Yet, occasionally there is a necessity to introspect whether denying bail to an accused person is the right thing to do on the facts and in the circumstances of a case. 4. While so introspecting, among the factors that need to be considered is whether the accused was arrested during investigations when that person perhaps has the best opportunity to tamper with the evidence or influence witnesses. If the investigating officer does not find it necessary to arrest an accused person during investigations, a strong case should be made out for placing that person in judicial custody after a charge sheet is filed. Similarly, it is important to ascertain whether the accused was participating in the investigations to the satisfaction of the investigating officer and was not absconding or not appearing when required by the investigating officer. Surely, if an accused is not hiding from the investigating officer or is hiding due to some genuine and expressed fear of being victimised, it would be a factor that a judge would need to consider in an appropriate case. It is also necessary for the judge to consider whether the accused is a first-time offender or has been accused of other offences and if so, the nature of such offences and his or her general conduct. The poverty or the deemed indigent status of an accused is also an extremely important factor and even Parliament has taken notice of it by incorporating an Explanation to section 436 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. An equally soft approach to incarceration has been taken by Parliament by inserting section 436A in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. 5. To put it shortly, a humane attitude is required to be adopted by a judge, while dealing with an application for remanding a suspect or an accused person to police custody or judicial custody. There are several reasons for this including maintaining the dignity of an accused person, howsoever poor that person might be, the requirements of Article 21 of the Constitution and the fact that there is enormous overcrowding in prisons, leading to social and other problems as noticed by this Court in In Re-Inhuman Conditions in 1382 Prisons, 2017(4) RCR (Criminal) 416: 2017(5) Recent Apex Judgments (R.A.J.) 408 : (2017) 10 SCC 658 MEENU 2025.03.21 18:40 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document CRM-M-14468-2025 -5- 6. The historical background of the provision for bail has been elaborately and lucidly explained in a recent decision delivered in Nikesh Tara chand Shah v. Union of India, 2017 (13) SCALE 609 going back to the days of the Magna Carta. In that decision, reference was made to Gurbaksh Singh Sibbia v. State of Punjab, (1980) 2 SCC 565 in which it is observed that it was held way back in Nagendra v. King-Emperor, AIR 1924 Calcutta 476 that bail is not to be withheld as a punishment. Reference was also made to Emperor v. Hutchinson, AIR 1931 Allahabad 356 wherein it was observed that grant of bail is the rule and refusal is the exception. The provision for bail is therefore age-old and the liberal interpretation to the provision for bail is almost a century old, going back to colonial days. 7. However, we should not be understood to mean that bail should be granted in every case. The grant or refusal of bail is entirely within the discretion of the judge hearing the matter and though that discretion is unfettered, it must be exercised judiciously and in a humane manner and compassionately. Also, conditions for the grant of bail ought not to be so strict as to be incapable of compliance, thereby making the grant of bail illusory.” Therefore, to elucidate further, this Court is conscious of the basic and fundamental principle of law that right to speedy trial is a part of reasonable, fair and just procedure enshrined under Article 21 of the Constitution of India. This constitutional right cannot be denied to the accused as is the mandate of the Apex court in “Hussainara Khatoon and ors (IV) v. Home Secretary, State of Bihar, Patna”, (1980) 1 SCC 98. Besides this, reference can be drawn upon that pre-conviction period of the under-trials should be as short as possible keeping in view the nature of accusation and the severity of punishment in case of conviction and the nature of supporting evidence, reasonable apprehension of tampering with the witness or apprehension of threat to the complainant. As far as the contention of learned State counsel with regard to the pendency of other cases and involvement of the petitioner in other cases is MEENU 2025.03.21 18:40 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document CRM-M-14468-2025 -6- concerned, reliance can be placed upon the order of this Court rendered in CRM-M-25914-2022 titled as “Baljinder Singh alias Rock vs. State of Punjab” decided on 02.03.2023, wherein, while referring Article 21 of the Constitution of India, this Court has held that no doubt, at the time of granting bail, the criminal antecedents of the petitioner are to be looked into but at the same time it is equally true that the appreciation of evidence during the course of trial has to be looked into with reference to the evidence in that case alone and not with respect to the evidence in the other pending cases. In such eventuality, strict adherence to the rule of denial of bail on account of pendency of other cases/convictions in all probability would lend the petitioner in a situation of denial the concession of bail. 5. Relief : In view of the discussions made hereinabove, the petitioner is hereby directed to be released on regular bail on furnishing bail and surety bonds to the satisfaction of the trial Court/Duty Magistrate, concerned. In the afore-said terms, the present petition is hereby allowed. However, it is made clear that anything stated hereinabove shall not be construed as an expression of opinion on the merits of the case. (SANDEEP MOUDGIL) 21.03.2025 JUDGE Meenu Whether speaking/reasoned Yes/No Whether reportable Yes/No MEENU 2025.03.21 18:40 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document