1 2025:CGHC:29851 NAFR HIGH COURT OF CHHATTISGARH AT BILASPUR REVP No. 136 of 2025  M/s Sangha Erectors Private Ltd. Through Its Authorized Representative Mr. Satya Ratan Jha, S/o Mr. Prabhakar Jha, Aged About 44 Years, R/o Mathiitola, Baijani, Jagdishpur, P.O.- Bhagalpur City, District Bhagalpur, Bihar ... Petitioner(s) versus 1. Employees State Insurance Corporation Through Its Regional Director, Regional Office, 103 Ramnagar Road Kota, Raipur Chhattisgarh. 2. Assistant Director Employees State Insurance Corporation, Regional Office, 102 Ramnagar Road Kota, Raipur, Chhattisgarh. ... Respondent(s) For Petitioner : Mr. Harsh Wardhan, Advocate Hon’ble Shri Justice Rakesh Mohan Pandey Judgment On Board 02/07/2025 1. By way of this review petition, the review–petitioner has sought recall/ modification of the order dated 30.01.2025 passed in WPC No. 2214 of 2019 whereby the writ petition filed by the petitioner herein was disposed of reserving liberty in favor of petitioner to prefer appeal according to the provisions of Section 75 of Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948. 2 2. Learned counsel for the review–petitioner who is seeking modifica- tion/ review of the order dated 30.01.2025 passed in WPC No. 2214 of 2019 submits that when the matter was taken up for hearing in two rounds, there was no representation on behalf of petitioner and the Court decided the writ petition on merits relegating petitioner to avail the alternative remedy under Act, 1948. He further submits that on account of non-appearance, petitioner could not point out factual and legal aspects of the matter before this Court. He contends that in the instant case, petitioner was not conducting any activity during as- sessment period from May, 2012 to July, 2016, so as to invite appli- cability of liability under the Act, 1948. He further contends that even though the requirements of law are not fulfilled, liability has been fas- tened on the petitioner by the ESI authority, therefore, an immediate review of the order dated 30.01.2025 would be expedient in the inter- est of justice, otherwise, review–petitioner will incur huge financial loss. 3. I have heard learned counsel for the petitioner and perused the material/ documents available on the record. 4. It appears that WPC No. 2214 of 2019 was listed before this Court on 30.01.2025 and there was no representation on behalf of petitioner in two rounds. The petition was disposed of reserving liberty in favor of petitioner to avail the remedy of appeal available under Section 75 of the Act, 1948. Now, petitioner by way of this review-petition has approached this Court despite availing the statutory alternative remedy available to him to re-argue the writ 3 petition. 5. On due consideration of the above-stated pleadings and other grounds raised in the instant review petition, which are in the nature of taking the liberty to re-argue the writ petition are unsustainable in the eyes of law. The review–petitioner cannot be allowed to commit a volte-face and take up new pleas in the review petition. 6. At this juncture, it shall be advantageous to discuss the law with regard to the power of review. The Court may review its judgment or order, but no application for review shall be entertained except on the grounds mentioned under Order 47 Rule 1 of the CPC. 7. Section 114 of the CPC vests power of review in Courts and Order 47 Rule 1 of the CPC provides for the scope and procedure for filing a review. The same is reproduced hereunder:- “Order 47 Rule 1 CPC: "1. Application for review of judgment- Any person considering himself aggrieved- (a) by a decree or order from which an appeal is allowed, but from which no appeal has been preferred. (b) by a decree or order from which no appeal is allowed, or (c) by a decision on a reference from a Court of Small Causes, and who, from the discovery of new and important' matter or evidence which, after the exercise of due diligence was not within his knowledge or could not be produced by him at the time when the decree was passed or order made, or on account of some mistake or error apparent on the face of the record or for any other sufficient reason, desires to obtain a review of the decree passed or order made against him, may apply for a review of judgment to the Court which passed the decree or made the order. (emphasis supplied) 4 (2) A party who is not appealing from a decree or order may apply for a review of judgment notwithstanding the pendency of an appeal by some other party except where the ground of such appeal is common to the applicant and the appellant, or when, being respondent, he can present to the Appellate Court the case on which he applied for the review. Explanation: The fact that the decision on a question of law on which the judgment of the Court is based has been reversed or modified by the subsequent decision of a superior Court in any other case, shall not be a ground for the review of such judgment." 8. In the matter of M/s Northern India (India) Ltd. v. Lt. Governer of Delhi 1 , the Hon’ble Supreme Court held that “A plea for review, unless the first judicial view is manifestly distorted, is like asking for the moon. A forensic defeat cannot be avenged by an invitation to have a second look, hopeful of discovery of flaws and reversal of result. A review in counsel's mentation cannot repair the verdict once given. So the law laid down must rest in peace.” 9. In the matter of Sajjan Singh and others vs. State of Rajasthan and others 2 , the Hon’ble Supreme Court held that “the parties are not entitled to seek review of the judgment delivered by this Court merely for purpose for review and fresh decision of the case. The normal principle that judgments pronounced by this Court would be final, cannot be ignored and unless considerations of a substantial and compelling character make it necessary to do so.” 10. In the matter of Parsion Devi and others v. Sumitri Devi and 1. (1980) 2 SCC 167 2. AIR 1965 SC 845 5 others 3 , the Hon’ble Supreme Court in para-9 held as under:- “Under Order 47 Rule 1 CPC a judgment may be open to review inter alia if there is a mistake or an error apparent on the face of the record. An error which is not self evident and has to be detected by a process of reasoning, can hardly be said to be an error apparent on the face of the record justifying the court to exercise its power review under Order 47 Rule 1 CPC. In exercise of the jurisdiction under Order 47 Rule 1 CPC it is not permissible for an erroneous decision to be "reheard and corrected". A review petition, it must be remembered has limited purpose and cannot be allowed to be "an appeal in disguise.” 11. In the matter of M/S Shanti Conductors (P) Ltd v. Assam State Electricity Board 4 , the Hon’ble Supreme Court dismissed the petition and held that “The scope of review is limited and under the guise of review, petitioner cannot be permitted to reagitate and reargue the questions, which have already been addressed and decided.” 12. In the matter of Beghar Foundation v. K.S. Puttaswamy 5 , the Hon’ble Supreme Court held that “even the change in law of or subsequent decision/judgment of a coordinate or larger Bench by itself cannot be regarded as a ground for review.” 13. In the matter of Satyanarayan Laxminarayan v. Mallikarjun Bhavanappa 6 reported in, the Hon’ble Supreme Court in para-8 held as under:- “8. The main question that arises for our consideration in this appeal by special leave 3. (1997) 8 SCC 715 4. (2020) 2 SCC 677 5. (2021) 3 SCC 1 6. AIR 1960 SC 137 6 granted by this Court is whether there is any error apparent on the face of the record so as to enable the superior court to call for the records and quash the order by a writ of certiorari or whether the error, if any, was "a mere error not so apparent on the face of the record", which can only be corrected by an appeal if an appeal lies at all.” 14. In the present review petition, the review–petitioner has prayed for recall of the order passed by this Court in WPC No. 2214 of 2019. The prayer made by the review–petitioner appears to be misconceived. Further, the case [WPC No. 2214 of 2019] was decided by this Court on 30.01.2025 after discussing the facts and going through the documents available on the record; there is no error of law apparent on the face of the record, therefore, the prayer sought for modifying/recalling of the order passed in WPC No. 2214 of 2019 by way of this review petition is not permissible, and in the opinion of this Court, no ground is made out for review. 15. Accordingly, the instant review petition is hereby dismissed. Sd/- Rakesh Mohan Pandey JUDGE Ajinkya Digitally signed by AJINKYA PANSARE Date: 2025.07.07 14:29:55 +0530