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High Court of Karnataka · body

2025 DAILYLAW 10544 (KAR)

KRISHNA CHAITNYA v. RAGHU S AND ANR

MFA/202132/2017 · 2025-02-20

C M Joshi

body2025

Judgment text

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B?772A1 ?8 :88277? 7?E?5< 4;1 5: 32<6 284 81A7?A185 43?B?8A := 561 43?B13 561 B16?971 5;3814 5;3571 31<;75?8A ?8 ?8D;3?1< 5: 561 >15?5?:813 5 F2< - 5 - 9:8518414 5625 561 >15?5?:813 624 <;<52?814 =3295;31 := B1351@32 284 42E2A1 5: <>?827 9:34 < <;96 61 <;==1314 61E?>231<?< :8 561 71=5 <?41 61 >:7?91 624 31A?<51314 2 92<1 ?8 3?E1 : %', 2A2?8<5 561 43?B13 := 561 <2?4 B16?971 75?E2517C 561C =?714 561 9623A1<6115 2A2?8<5 6?E 61 >15?5?:813 9:85184< 5625 25 561 5?E1 := 561 299?4185 61 F2< 2A14 2@:;5 ' C123< F:3H?8A ?8 2 @::H <5277 284 1238?8A < % >13 E:856 1 624 5: <>184 < % 5:F234< E14?927 1I>18<1< 6131=:31 >32C14 5: A3285 := 241G;251 9:E>18<25?:8 8 @1?8A <13B14 F?56 561 8:5?91 561 31<>:84185 : 561 :F813 := 561 11> 9:8518414 ?8 6?< F3?5518 <5251E185 5625 561 299?4185 F2< 8:5 4;1 5: 561 32<6 284 81A7?A185 43?B?8A := 561 43?B13 1 418?14 561 2A1 ?89:E1 284 :99;>25?:8 := 561 >15?5?:813 1 =;35613 9:8518414 5625 561 9:E>18<25?:8 972?E14 ?< 6?A67C 1I:3@?5285 ?E2A?823C 284 ;85182@71 ?8 72F 61 43?B13 F2< 62B?8A 2 B27?4 43?B?8A 7?918<1 6131=:31 561 7?2@?7?5C ?= 28C 62< 5: @1 =2<51814 ;>:8 561 31<>:84185 : ' ?8<;32891 9:E>28C - 6 - 61 31<>:84185 : ' ?8<;32891 9:E>28C 2>235 =3:E 31?51325?8A 561 9:85185?:8< 52H18 ;> @C 561 31<>:84185 : 31A234?8A 561 299?4185 284 561 81A7?A1891 27<: 5::H ;> 561 9:85185?:8 5625 56131 F2< B?:725?:8 := 561 513E< 284 9:84?5?:8< := 561 >:7?9C 61 43?B?8A 7?918<1 5: 43?B1 >235?9;723 972<< := B16?971 F2< 8:5 F?56 561 43?B13 6131=:31 <:;A65 1I:81325?8A ?5< 7?2@?7?5C . 8 561 @2<?< := 561 2@:B1 9:85185?:8< 561 3?@;827 =32E14 561 2>>3:>3?251 ?<<;1< 31A234?8A 81A7?A1891 284 561 G;285;E := 561 9:E>18<25?:8 2E:;85 61 >15?5?:813 F2< 1I2E?814 2< ) 284 2 F?581<< F6: 2<<1<<14 561 4?<2@?7?5C F2< 1I2E?814 2< ) ' 284 I 5: F131 E23H14 ?8 561 1B?41891 61 31<>:84185 : ' ?8<;32891 9:E>28C A:5 E23H14 I 284 ' ? 1 >:7?9C 284 43?B?8A 7?918<1 ( =513 6123?8A 561 23A;E185< @C @:56 <?41< 561 3?@;827 6174 5625 561 >15?5?:813 ?< 185?5714 =:3 2 9:E>18<25?:8 := < '((% ;8413 =:77:F?8A 6124<& - 7 - 7 : 124< :E>18<25?:8 F23414 :F234< 7:<< := =;5;31 ?89:E1 < ,% ' :F234< >2?8 284 2A:8C < '% , :F234< 14?927 I>18<1< < (% :F234< 55184285 623A1< < '% :F234< =::4 284 :5613 1I>18<1< < '% :F234< :8B1C2891 623A1< < % . :F234< 7:<< := ?89:E1 4;3?8A 9:;3<1 := 53125E185 < ,% ( :F234< 7:<< := 2E18?5?1< < % :F234< 7:<< := E233?2A1 >3:<>195< < % :527 < '((% 1?8A 2AA3?1B14 @C 561 <2E1 561 >15?5?:813 2< F177 2< 561 31<>:84185 : ' 231 @1=:31 56?< :;35 9627718A?8A 561 G;285;E := 561 9:E>18<25?:8 2E:;85 61 23A;E185< @C 561 7123814 9:;8<17 2>>123?8A =:3 2>>177285< ?8 @:56 561 2>>127< 231 61234 61 8:5?91 5: 561 31<>:84185 : :F813 := 561 B16?971 ?8 @:56 561 2>>127< 62< @118 4?<>18<14 F?56 61 7123814 9:;8<17 2>>123?8A =:3 561 >15?5?:813 F:;74 <;@E?5 5625 561 >15?5?:813 F2< 2A14 2@:;5 ' C123< F:3H?8A ?8 2 @::H<5277 284 1238?8A < % >13 E:856 - 8 - 1 62< 2 <;==1314 61E?>231<?< :8 561 71=5 <?41 31<;75?8A ?8 41>71514 <5318A56 ?8 561 71=5 ;>>13 284 7:F13 7?E@< 1 9:85184< 5625 561 >15?5?:813 62< 5: <;==13 561 <2?4 4?<2@?7?5C =:3 561 31<5 := 6?< 7?=1 1 ?< ;82@71 5: 7?=5 6?< 71=5 6284 284 561 =?8A13< 231 9:85329514 1 ?< ;82@71 5: 6:74 28C56?8A F?56 6?< 71=5 6284 2< 56131 231 9:853295;31< 284 F6?71 F27H?8A 61 >;77< 6?< 2 71=5 71A 6131=:31 561 4?<2@?7?5C 9:8<?41314 @C ) ' 56:;A6 25 J 561 =;895?:827 4?<2@?7?5C := 561 >15?5?:813 5: @1 52H18 25 J 1 >:?85< :;5 5625 561 =;895?:827 4?<2@?7?5C := 561 >15?5?:813 F?56 31=131891 5: 6?< 2B:925?:8 F2< 8:5 >3:>137C 9:8<?41314 @C 561 3?@;827 8 56?< 9:;85 56131 ?< 2 8114 =:3 312<<1<<E185 := 561 9:E>18<25?:8 2E:;85< ' 13 9:8532 561 7123814 9:;8<17 2>>123?8A =:3 561 ?8<;32891 9:E>28C 9:85184< 5625 561 >15?5?:813 62< <;==1314 >6C<?927 4?<2@?7?5C 561 =;895?:827 4?<2@?7?5C 2<<1<<14 @C 561 3?@;827 25 ,J ?< :8 561 6?A613 <?41- 5625 561 9:E>18<25?:8 2F23414 ;8413 561 6124 := >2?8 284 <;==13?8A 7:<< := 2E18?5?1< ?8 7?=1 ?< 27<: :8 561 6?A613 - 9 - <?41 1 <;@E?5< 5625 561 >15?5?:813 62< 8:5 >3:4;914 28C E2513?27 5: <6:F 6?< ?89:E1 2< F177 2< 2B:925?:8 6131=:31 561 9:E>18<25?:8 2F23414 @C 561 3?@;827 @1?8A 1I:3@?5285 56131 ?< 2 8114 =:3 314;95?:8 ?8 561 <2E1 , 61 =295 5625 56131 F2< 28 299?4185 ?8B:7B?8A 561 B16?971 :F814 @C 561 31<>:84185 : ?8<;314 @C 561 31<>:84185 : ' 284 5625 561 43?B13 624 2 B27?4 43?B?8A 7?918<1 231 8:5 ?8 4?<>;51 ?8 561<1 2>>127< 6131=:31 ?5 ?< :87C 561 9:E>18<25?:8 2E:;85 F6?96 8114< 5: @1 312<<1<<14 @C 56?< :;35 F?56 31=131891 5: 561 1B?41891 2B2?72@71 :8 319:34 5 ?< 53?51 72F 5625 561 3?@;827< 62B1 5: 9:8<?413 561 =;895?:827 4?<2@?7?5C := 28 ?8D;314 >13<:8 @;5 ?5 ?< 8:5 561 >6C<?927 4?<2@?7?5C 27:81 61 >6C<?927 4?<2@?7?5C E2C @1 71<<13 @;5 ?5< 1==195< :8 561 1238?8A := 561 ?8D;314 F:;74 @1 432<5?9 8 2 319185 D;4AE185 := 561 >1I :;35 62< 8:514 5625 561 7:<< := 28 1C1 := 2 4?2E:84 9;5513 56:;A6 56131 ?< 2 >6C<?927 4?<2@?7?5C := J 561 =;895?:827 - 10 - 4?<2@?7?5C F:;74 @1 J 6131=:31 ?5 ?< 2 =;895?:827 4?<2@?7?5C F6?96 62< 5: @1 2<<1<<14 @C 561 :;35 @;5 8:5 561 >6C<?927 4?<2@?7?5C 11>?8A ?8 E?84 561 >3?89?>71< 72?4 4:F8 @C 561 >1I :;35 ?8 561 92<1 := 61 9:E>18<25?:8 62< 5: @1 2<<1<<14 61 >13;<27 := 561 E14?927 319:34< F:;74 <6:F 5625 56:;A6 561 >15?5?:813 624 8:5 <;==1314 28C 1I513827 ?8D;3?1< 56131 F2< 2 @7;85 532;E2 5: 561 819H 284 6124 284 5: 561 71=5 7:F13 7?E@ 51841381<< :B13 561 819H 71=5 7:F13 7?E@ ?< ?EE:@?71 ;35613 ?8B1<5?A25?:8< <6:F14 5625 56131 ?< 3153: EC<5?9?<E 2=513 <>?81 284 =1F :5613 ?8D;3?1< 61 4?<9623A1 <;EE23C >3:4;914 25 I F:;74 <6:F 5625 61 F2< 24E?5514 5: ;>13 >19?275C :<>?527 F?56 6?<5:3C := 913B?927 <>?81 ?8D;3C := 2 284 F?56 532;E25?9 # 9:34 9:E>31<<?:8 61 ?8B1<5?A25?:8< F131 4:81 1 F2< 24E?5514 5: 1 - 11 - 81;3:<;3A13C 61 <928 <6:F14 3 28513?:3 5328<7:925?:8 := :B13 F?56 3?A65 =291527 <;@7;I25?:8 <;AA1<5?B1 := 141E2%9:85;<?:8 1 F2< 5312514 F?56 <;3A13C F?56 @:81 A32=5?8A >725?8A 159 1 F2< ?8>25?185 =3:E . ', 5: ' . ', 61 9135?=?9251 ?<<;14 @C 2<2B2 :<>?527 25 I <6:F< 5625 61 ?< <;==13?8A =3:E 32;E25?9 G;243?>231<?< 61 >15?5?:813 F2< 1I2E?814 @C ) ' 1 A2B1 2 4?<2@?7?5C 9135?=?9251 2< >13 I F6131?8 ?5 F2< 8:514 2< @17:F & ! " #$%&&#$% '%( ') * ! & +! &, - '%' ')% %.- ! &, ! &&/ 0 1()#& . () 2 '%! 3 / - 12 - . ', 5: ' . ', 61 9135?=?9251 ?<<;14 @C 2<2B2 :<>?527 25 I <6:F< 5625 61 ?< <;==13?8A =3:E 32;E25?9 G;243?>231<?< 61 >15?5?:813 F2< 1I2E?814 @C ) ' 1 A2B1 2 4?<2@?7?5C 9135?=?9251 2< >13 I F6131?8 ?5 F2< 8:514 2< @17:F & ! " #$%&&#$% '%( ') * ! & +! &, - '%' ')% %.- ! &, ! &&/ 0 1()#& . () 2 '%! 3 / - 12 - . 5 ?< 27<: 1B?4185 5625 561 >15?5?:813 624 <;==1314 <;@7;I25?:8 284 4?<9>3:72><1 F?56 9:34 141E2 6131=:31 56131 F2< 41>715?:8 := 561 <5318A56 ?8 561 71=5 7?E@< 5 ?< F:356 5: 8:51 5625 299:34?8A 5: ) ' 561 >15?5?:813 62< <;==1314 2 4?<2@?7?5C := J 5: 561 185?31 @:4C :;5 := ?5 J ?< 2553?@;514 5: 71=5 61E?>231<?< 284 'J 5: 561 819H >2?8 51841381<< 159 ( 61 >15?5?:813 F2< >31<185 @1=:31 561 :;35 8 @1?8A 1I2E?814 @C 56?< :;35 2< F177 2< 561 7123814 9:;8<17< 2>>123?8A =:3 @:56 561 <?41< ?5 F2< =:;84 5625 561 >15?5?:813 ?< <5?77 ;82@71 5: F27H =3117C 6131 ?< 41>715?:8 := 561 <5318A56 ?8 561 ;>>13 2< F177 2< 7:F13 71=5 7?E@< 61 71=5 6284 := 561 >15?5?:813 ?< 27<: 9:853295;314 ?< <>1196 F2< 27<: <7;3314 =513 :@<13B?8A 561<1 2<>195< 56?< :;35 ?< := 561 B?1F 5625 561 4?<2@?7?5C 2<<1<<14 @C 561 3?@;827 25 ,J ?< ?E>3:>13 8 9:8<?41314 B?1F := 56?< :;35 561 4?<2@?7?5C 62< 5: @1 52H18 25 J - 13 - ' )6?71 9:E?8A 5: <;96 9:897;<?:8 561 :;35 62< @1<5:F14 ?5< 255185?:8 :8 561 <;@E?<<?:8 E241 @C 561 >15?5?:813 5625 8:F 27<: 61 255184< 561 @::H<5277 :992<?:8277C @;5 61 ?< ;82@71 5: 7?=5 28C56?8A 1I91>5 <?55?8A ?8 561 @::H<5277 284 <:E1@:4C 17<1 ?< >31<185 =:3 4:?8A 561 @;<?81<< ' B?41857C 561 >15?5?:813 62< 8:5 >3:4;914 28C E2513?27 5: <6:F 5625 61 62< 28 ?89:E1 := < % >13 E:856 6131=:31 561 3?@;827 F2< D;<5?=?14 ?8 24:>5?8A 561 8:5?:827 ?89:E1 61 3?@;827 ?8 ?5< F?<4:E 62< 2991<<14 561 8:5?:827 ?89:E1 25 < % >13 E:856 '' 61 A;?417?81< ?<<;14 @C 561 =:3 <15571E185 := 4?<>;51< @1=:31 :H427256 >31<93?@1 2 8:5?:827 ?89:E1 := < .% >13 E:856 =:3 561 C123 ', 8 ;E>5118 8;E@13 := D;4AE185< 56?< :;35 62< 6174 5625 561 A;?417?81< ?<<;14 @C 561 231 ?8 A181327 9:8=:3E?5C F?56 561 F2A1< =?I14 ;8413 561 ?8?E;E )2A1< 95 6131=:31 561C 231 2991>52@71 1891 561 8:5?:827 ?89:E1 := 561 >15?5?:813 ?< 9:8<?41314 25 < .% - 14 - ', 6131 ?< 8: 4?<>;51 5625 561 >15?5?:813 F2< 2A14 2@:;5 ' C123< 6131=:31 561 2>>3:>3?251 E;75?>7?13 ?< ( 61 >15?5?:813 62B?8A <;==1314 561 4?<2@?7?5C 284 1B18 2=513 ' C123< 561 4?<2@?7?5C 31E2?8< 2< :@<13B14 @C 56?< :;35 6131=:31 ?5 F:;74 @1 2 =?5 92<1 F6131 =;5;31 >3:<>195< 62< 5: @1 9:8<?41314 F6?71 2<<1<<?8A 561 7:<< := =;5;31 ?89:E1 ' 1891 @C 244?8A J 5: 561 8:5?:827 ?89:E1 561 2>>3:>3?251 E;75?>7?9284 F:;74 @1 < . K < '(% L < (% 1891 561 7:<< := =;5;31 ?89:E1 ?< 9279;72514 2< < (% I ' I ( I J L < (% ' 8 B?1F := 561 825;31 := 561 ?8D;3?1< <;==1314 @C 561 >15?5?:813 ?5 928 <2=17C @1 <2?4 5625 61 F2< ;82@71 5: 31<;E1 6?< F:3H 25 712<5 =:3 2 >13?:4 := E:856< 6131=:31 561 7:<< := ?89:E1 4;3?8A 561 72?4 ;> >13?:4 ?< 9279;72514 2< < .% I L < '% - 15 - ' 61 >15?5?:813 F2< ?8>25?185 =3:E . ', 5: ' . ', 1 624 52H18 53125E185 25 1928432@24 6131=:31 561 9:E>18<25?:8 ;8413 561 6124< := 255184285 9623A1< =::4 284 :5613 1I>18<1< 9:8B1C2891 1I>18<1< 5:A15613 ?< 2<<1<<14 25 < % '. 61 3?@;827 62< 2F23414 2 <;E < '% ;8413 561 6124 := >2?8 284 <;==13?8A 56?< :;35 =117< 5625 2 <;E := < % F:;74 @1 2>>3:>3?251 2E:;85 ;8413 56?< 6124 '( 61 3?@;827 62< 2F23414 2 <;E := < % ;8413 561 6124 := 7:<< := 2E18?5?1< ?8 7?=1 6?< :;35 62B?8A 9:8<?41314 561 =;5;31 >3:<>195< 27<: 561 G;285;E := 561 2E:;85 ;8413 561 6124 := 7:<< := 2E18?5?1< ?< 314;914 5: < .% ' 61 >15?5?:813 @1?8A 2 @29617:3 561 3?@;827 62< 3?A657C 2F23414 2 <;E := < % 5:F234< 7:<< := E233?2A1 >3:<>195< - 16 - , 61 3?@;827 62< 3?A657C 2F23414 561 9:E>18<25?:8 2E:;85 5:F234< 561 :5613 6124< 61 <2E1 4: 8:5 31G;?31 28C ?8513=131891 , 1891 561 >15?5?:813 ?< 185?5714 =:3 2 5:527 18628914 9:E>18<25?:8 := < (% ;8413 561 =:77:F?8A 6124<& 7 : 124< :E>18<25?:8 F23414 @C 56?< :;35 :<< := =;5;31 ?89:E1 < (% ' :<< := ?89:E1 4;3?8A 72?4 ;> >13?:4 < '% , :F234< 25518414 9623A1< =::4 284 :5613 1I>18<1< 284 9:8B1C2891 1I>18<1< < % 2?8 284 <;==13?8A < % :<< := 2E18?5?1< ?8 7?=1 < .% 233?2A1 >3:<>195< < % . :F234< 14?927 1I>18<1< < (% :527 1<<& F23414 @C 561 3?@;827 < .('% < '((% :527 1862891E185 < (% ,' < 2 31<;75 561 2>>127 =?714 @C 561 ?8<;32891 9:E>28C 41<13B1< 5: @1 4?<E?<<14 284 561 2>>127 =?714 @C 561 >15?5?:813 41<13B1< 5: @1 277:F14 ?8 >235 99:34?8A7C 561 =:77:F?8A- - 17 - 61 : '%'( ?< 4?<E?<<14 61 2E:;85 ?8 41>:<?5 @1=:31 56?< :;35 @1 5328<E?5514 5: 561 3?@;827 61 : '','%'. =?714 @C 561 >15?5?:813 ?< 277:F14 ?8 >235 # 61 >15?5?:813 ?< 185?5714 =:3 < (% ?8 244?5?:8 5: 561 2E:;85 := 561 9:E>18<25?:8 2F23414 @C 561 3?@;827 27:8A F?56 ?85131<5 25 J >13 288;E =3:E 4251 := >15?5?:8 5?77 ?5< 41>:<?5 # ;5 := 561 9:E>18<25?:8 2E:;85 .J 5: @1 31712<14 5: 561 >15?5?:813 :8 >3:>13 ?4185?=?925?:8 284 561 31E2?8?8A 2E:;85 5: @1 H1>5 ?8 2< :341314 @C 561 3?@;827 4% &$! ( $ ?<5 : & 7 : & ' &