Research › Search › Judgment
High Court of Karnataka · body
2025 DAILYLAW 10244 (KAR)
THE DIVISIONAL MANAGER v. RAJKUMAR AND ANR
MFA/201244/2018 · 2025-01-07
C M Joshi
body2025
[ 2025 DAILYLAW 10244 (KAR) · dailylaw.ai ]
[ 2025 DAILYLAW 10244 (KAR) · dailylaw.ai ]
Judgment text
Extracted from the PDF above. The PDF is authoritative.
- 1 -
! "#"
$
#
#
%%&
' ( )* #+! ) *
! " #
$%&%'(
(
) *
$ ($''
# $%&%'(
*
* (
**
! *
)
)
'+' ('&
&,,(',
Digitally signed by LUCYGRACE Location: HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA
- 2 -
#+!) *
! #
) *
$ ($''
# $%&%' (
$%&%'
* * (
* * -(( *
*
&,,(',
* *
)
*
) '+' ('&
&,,(',
*
(%%,''$),. -++'''$)(. *
)
- 3 -
/
#
/
0123 433510607 89 :;0 <=73>02: 427 4?457 12
@&,,(', A4BB07 89 :;0 C045207 77C 021@5 161C =730 427
4C48=5431 74:07 '+' ('& :;0 DC41>42:4B?0CC4B:;012B=542D0D@>A42945080E@50:;1B @=5:12:;0B04AA04CB
'( ;0A45:10B?@=C78050E055074BA05:;015542FB 80E@50:;0518=24C
' ;0 E4D:=4C >4:51G @E :;0 D4B0 450 :;4:
('((', 4: '! ' A> ?;02 :;0 DC41>42: ?4B A5@D007123 :@?457B ;1B ;@=B02045 4C43454274 :;051705 @E :;0 @EE027123 >@:@5D9DC0 804512303 @$ ($$'' 5@70:;0B4>012454B;427203C1302:>42205 427 D@CC1707 ?1:; :;0 DC41>42: 50B=C:123 12 35106@=B 12<=510B );02 ;0 ?4B 47>1::07 :@ :;0 @BA1:4C 1: ?4B 71432@B07 :;4: ;0 ;47 B=B:41207 :;0 12<=510B C1F0 D=:
- 4 -
C4D054:07?@=27@2:;0A4510:4C5031@2427;0>@55;430@2 :;0 ;047 ;050E@50 ;0 ?4B 50E05507 :@ E=5:;05 1260B:134:1@2*=5:;051:?4BE@=27:;4::;0DC41>42:;47 B=B:41207 A4510:4C E54D:=50 @E :;0 A4510:4C 8@20 ;0 DC41>42:D@2:02707:;4:;0?4B12A4:102:E5@> '((', :@ +'((', 427 ;0 ?4B ?@5F123 4B 42 4351D=C:=51B:
4307 48@=: % 9045B 427 7=0 :@ 4DD1702:4C 12<=510B ;0 1B =248C0:@7@;1B503=C454D:161:10B4B80E@50
'- 2 1BB=42D0 @E 2@:1D0 :;0 50BA@2702:B @ 427 ( ?;@ 450 :;0 @?205 427 12B=505 @E :;0 60;1DC0 4AA04507427E1C07:;0?51::02B:4:0>02:
'% ;0 50BA@2702:
@ @?205 @E :;0 60;1DC0 D@2:02707:;4::;0D@>A02B4:1@2DC41>0789:;0DC41>42:
1B ;13;C9 0G@581:42: 1>4312459 427 =2:0248C0 ;050 ?4B 2@ B=D; 203C1302D0 @2 :;0 A45: @E :;0 51705 @E :;0 @EE027123 60;1DC0 0 E=5:;05 D@2:02707 :;4: ;0 ?4B ;46123464C177516123C1D02B0427:;050E@50D@>A02B4:1@2 ;4B:@80E4B:0207=A@2:;050BA@2702: @(
- 5 -
', ;0 50BA@2702:
@( H 12B=542D0 D@>A429 D@2:02707:;4::;051705@E:;0>@:@5D9DC0?4B2@:;46123 4 64C17 427 0EE0D:160 7516123 C1D02B0 ;050E@50 1: 1B 2@: C148C0:@A49429D@>A02B4:1@2:@:;0DC41>42:
'!
2 :;0 84B1B @E :;0 48@60 D@2:02:1@2B :;0 4AA5@A514:0 1BB=0B ?050 E54>07 89 :;0 518=24C ;0 DC41>42: ?4B 0G4>1207 4B ) 427 :;0 7@D:@5 ?;@ 4BB0BB07:;071B481C1:9?4B0G4>12074B)(427G :@-?050>45F07;0@EE1D14C@E:;050BA@2702: @(H 12B=542D0 D@>A429 0G4>1207 4B ) 427 @?205 @E :;0 60;1DC00G4>12074B)(427G:@+?050>45F07
'& E:05 ;045123 8@:; B170B :;0 518=24C D4>0 :@ :;0D@2DC=B1@2:;4::;050BA@2702: @?4B2@:;461234 64C174270EE0D:1607516123C1D02B04::;0:1>0@E4DD1702: ;050E@508950C9123@2:;0B06054C<=73>02:1:D4>0:@ D@2DC=B1@2:;4::;012B=542D0D@>A4291BC148C0:@A49:;0 D@>A02B4:1@2 8=: 1: 1B 4: C1805:9 :@ 50D@605 :;0 B4>0 E5@>:;050BA@2702: @H@?205
- 6 -
'+ E:05 4BB0BB123 :;0 061702D0 @2 50D@57 :;0 518=24C3542:07:;0D@>A02B4:1@2@EB(%%,''$=2705 :;0E@CC@?123;047B$ C
@ 047B @>A02B4:1@2 ?45707
@?457BA412427B=EE05123 B ''''$ ( @?457B>071D4C0GA02B0B B(, ''$
@?457BE=:=5012D@>0 B,(&'$ - @?457B4::02742:IBD;4530B E@@7427D@260942D0 B!'''$ % @?457BC@BB@E4>021:10B427 2=:51:1@2E@@7 B''''$ , @?457BC@BB@E12D@>07=5123 :;0A051@7@E:504:>02: B('''$
@:4C B(%%%&'$
@=2707@EE B(%%,''$
' ;0C045207D@=2B0C4AA045123E@5:;0DC41>42: B=8>1:B:;4::;0D@>A02B4:1@24?4570789:;0518=24C1B @2 :;0 C@?05 B170 ;@=3; :;0 DC41>42: ;47 B=B:41207 ;045123 1>A415>02: ?;1D; ;4B 50B=C:07 12 E=2D:1@24C 71B481C1:9@E-.:;0518=24C;4B4BB0BB07:;071B481C1:9
- 7 -
4: (. *=5:;05 ;0 B=8>1:B :;4: :;0 2@:1@24C 12D@>0 47@A:07 89 :;0 518=24C 1B @2 :;0 C@?05 B170 ;0 D@>A02B4:1@2 =2705 :;0 ;047 @E C@BB @E 4>021:10B 12 C1E0 ;4B 2@: 8002 4?45707 :@ :;0 DC41>42: 0 E415C9 B=8>1:B :;4: :;0 A512D1AC0B C417 7@?2 89 :;0 @2I8C0 =A50>0 @=5: 12 :;0 D4B0 @E !"#
$ 1B4AAC1D48C0B12D0:;050BA@2702:
@;4B4AA04507427D@2:0B:07:;0>4::0589E1C123;1B ?51::02B:4:0>02:
05 D@2:54 :;0 C045207 D@=2B0C 4AA045123 E@5 :;012B=542D0D@>A429B=8>1:B:;4::;0D4250A@5: B;@?B:;4::;050?4B2@B=D;E4D:=50@2:;0A4510:4C8@20 427 0602 :;02 :;0 )( ;4B 4BB0BB07 :;0 71B481C1:9 4: -.?;1D;D422@:80B=B:412070D@27C9;0B=8>1:B:;4:
:;0 D@>A02B4:1@2 4?45707 89 :;0 518=24C 1B B=EE1D102: ;0501B2@2007E@502;42D0>02:@E:;0B4>0
1 AIR 2020 SC 4424
- 8 -
( ;0 C045207 D@=2B0C 4AA045123 E@5 :;0 50BA@2702:
@ @?205 @E :;0 60;1DC0 ;4B 4CB@ 501:054:07 :;054:1@ C417 7@?2 89 :;0 @2I8C0 =A50>0 @=5: 12 :;0 D4B0@E
2 610? @E :;0 E4D: :;4: :;0 50BA@2702: @ ;47 4AA04507 80E@50 :;0 518=24C 427 ;47 D@2:0B:07 :;0 >4::05 89 E1C123 ;1B ?51::02 B:4:0>02: :;0 A512D1AC0B C417 7@?212:;0D4B0@EBJ=450C94AAC1D48C0:@:;0D4B0 @2;427:1BA05:1202::@2@:0:;4::;050BA@2702: @ ?;@ ?4B 4CB@ 51705 @E :;0 60;1DC0 ;47 2@ 64C17 427 0EE0D:160 7516123 C1D02B0 4B @2 :;0 74:0 @E 4DD1702:
;050E@50 :;0 D@2DC=B1@2 @E :;0 518=24C :;4: :;0 12B=542D0 D@>A429 1B C148C0 :@ A49 :;0 D@>A02B4:1@2 :@ :;0DC41>42:4271:1B4:C1805:9:@50D@605:;0B4>0E5@> :;0@?205@E:;060;1DC020072@:8012:05E0507?1:;B4 D@2B0J=02D0 :;0 4AA04C E1C07 89 :;0 12B=542D0 D@>A429 D;4CC023123:;0A4942750D@6059@57051B2@:B=B:41248C0 12C4? - 9 -
- @E45 4B :;0 J=42:=> @E :;0 D@>A02B4:1@2 1B D@2D05207 :;0 G, 427 + ?;1D; 450 :;0 ?@=27 D05:1E1D4:0 427 :;0 >071D4C D05:1E1D4:0 1BB=07 89 4B460B;?45 04D;123 427 02054C @BA1:4C =C84534 ?;050:;0DC41>42:?4B:504:074::;0E15B:12B:42D0?@=C7 DC045C9 B;@?
:;4: ;0 ;47 B=B:41207 E54D:=50 @E :;0 513;:
A4510:4C 8@20 G+ 1B :;0 74:07 '(' (', G H D42 50A@5: ?;1D; 1B 50C107 89 :;0 C045207 D@=2B0C 4AA045123 E@5 :;0 12B=542D0 D@>A429 ?@=C7 B;@? :;4:
:;050 ?4B 2@ B=D; E54D:=50 @E BF=CC 64=C: 427 84B0 4B @861@=BC9:;1B50A@5:1B74:07' '!('!:1BA05:1202::@ 2@:0 :;4: :;0 G A05:412B :@ 4 D42 ?;1D; ?4B 7@204::;012B:42D0@E:;0)(B@:;4:;0D@=C7316042 @A121@2 48@=: :;0 71B481C1:9 ;050E@50 ?;02 G 1B 74:07 ' '!('! 427 @2 :;0 84B1B @E ?;1D; G' 71B481C1:9 D05:1E1D4:0 1BB=07 1B @861@=BC9 B=8B0J=02: :@ B06054C >@2:;B 4E:05 :;0 4DD1702: 89 ?;1D; :1>0 :;0 E54D:=50 >13;: ;460 ;04C07 ;050E@50 :;0 D@2:02:1@2 @E :;0C045207D@=2B0CE@5:;012B=542D0D@>A429:;4::;050 ?4B2@B=D;E54D:=50@E:;0BF=CCD422@:804DD0A:07
- 10 -
% @>123:@:;04BB0BB>02:@E:;0D@>A02B4:1@2 1: 1B 061702: :;4: :;0 DC41>42: ?4B 4307 48@=: % 9045B ?@5F1234B424351D=C:=51B:4274DD@57123:@)(;0;4B B=EE0507 ;045123 1>A415>02: 427 :;05089 :;050 1B -. 71B481C1:9 : 1B B0::C07 A512D1AC0 @E C4? :;4: :;0 ?;1C0 4BB0BB123:;071B481C1:9?;1D;?@=C7:542BC4:012:05>B@E :;0 0D@2@>1D 1>A415>02: 1: 1B :;0 E=2D:1@24C 71B481C1:9 ?;1D;;4B:@80D@2B17050789:;0518=24C;0A;9B1D4C 71B481C1:9 1B 2@:;123 :@ 7@ ?1:; :;0 4BB0BB>02: @E :;0 D@>A02B4:1@2 ;0 518=24C ;4B :@ >4F0 42 0G05D1B0 @E E127123@=::;0E=2D:1@24C71B481C1:984B07@2:;0A;9B1D4C 71B481C1:94BB0BB0789:;0>071D4C@EE1D05
, ;0@2I8C0=A50>0@=5:12:;0D4B0@E % !"%&!"##
$ '427B06054C@:;05 70D1B1@2B ;4B >470 1: DC045 :;4: :;0 4BB0BB>02: @E :;0 E=2D:1@24C 71B481C1:9 1B 42 0G05D1B0 ?;1D; ;4B :@ 80 =2705 :4F02 89 :;0 518=24C ;0 >071D4C @EE1D05B @861@=BC9 80123=248C0:@4BB0BB48@=::;046@D4:1@2@E:;012<=507
2 (2011) 1 SCC 343
- 11 -
D422@: 3160 42 @A121@2 48@=: :;0 E=2D:1@24C 71B481C1:9 @E :;0 12<=507 ;050E@50 ?;02 ?0 0G4>120 :;0 D4B0 @2 ;427:;0518=24C;4B4BB0BB07:;0E=2D:1@24C71B481C1:94:
(. 0602 :;@=3; :;0 A;9B1D4C 71B481C1:9 @2 4DD@=2: @E ;0451231>A415>02:1B-.;050E@50:;1B@=5:7@0B2@:
E127 429 504B@2 :@ 12:05E050 ?1:; B=D; E127123 @E :;0 518=24C
! ;0 518=24C ;4B 4BB0BB07 :;0 C@BB @E E=:=50 12D@>0 89 :4F123 :;0 2@:1@24C 12D@>0 4: B!'''$ A05 >@2:; ;0 3=170C120B 1BB=07 89 :;0 E@5 :;0 A=5A@B0@EB0::C0>02::;071BA=:0B80E@50:;0@F$74C4:;
A50BD51807 4 2@:1@24C 12D@>0 @E B&!%'$ E@5 :;0 9045 (',2=>A:0022=>805@E<=73>02::;1B@=5:;4B;0C7 :;4: :;0 3=170C120B 1BB=07 89 :;0 450 12 302054C D@2E@5>1:9 ?1:; :;0 ?430B E1G07 =2705 :;0
121>=> )430B D: ;050E@50 :;09 D42 80 47@A:07 E@5 :;0 A=5A@B0 @E 4BB0BB123 :;0 D@>A02B4:1@2 02D0 :;0 D@>A02B4:1@2=2705:;0;047@E(
$)#*
"1B D4CD=C4:07 4B B&!%'$ G ( G , G (.
K ''+8947@A:1234>=C:1AC105@E,E@5:;0430 @E %9045B
- 12 -
& @2B0J=02:C9:;0(
)#*
")#,$ ())
1B4CB@02;42D07:@ '-+
+ ;0D@>A02B4:1@2=2705:;0;047@E)## )#,70B0560B:@8002;42D07:@ .'+
(' *=5:;05 :;0 518=24C ;4B 2@: 4?45707 429 D@>A02B4:1@2=2705:;0;047@EC@BB@E4>021:10B12C1E0 ;050E@50 ?;02 :;0 DC41>42: ;47 B=EE0507 ;045123 1>A415>02: 1: ?@=C7 80 A5@A05 :@ 4?457 4 B=> @E /'+ =2705 :;0 ;047 @E (
"#)$) )# ()
( ;0 D@>A02B4:1@2 4?45707 89 :;0 518=24C =2705 50>412123 ;047B 7@ 2@: 50J=150 429 127=C302D0 89 :;1B@=5:
(( ;050E@50 :;0 DC41>42: 1B 02:1:C07 E@5 :@:4C 02;42D0>02: D@>A02B4:1@2 @E ,) =2705 :;0 E@CC@?123;047B$
- 13 -
C
@ 047B @>A02B4:1@2 ?45707 89:;1B@=5:
@BB@EE=:=5012D@>0 B(',''$ ( @BB@E12D@>07=5123 :;0C417=AA051@7 B(,(%'$
412427B=EE05123 B-''''$ - @BB@E4>021:10B12 C1E0 B ''''$ % @?457B>071D4C 0GA02B0B B(, ''$ , @?457B4::02742:IB D;4530BE@@7427 D@260942D0 B!'''$
@:4C 0BB4?4570789 518=24C B %'$ B(%%,''$
@:4C02;42D0>02: B!%%%'$
( 2 610? @E :;0 48@60 71BD=BB1@2 :;0 * @('(--('& E1C07 89 :;0 12B=542D0 D@>A429 1B C148C0 :@ 80 71B>1BB07 ;0
*5@8 @(''',!('& 70B05607:@804CC@?0712A45:02D0:;0E@CC@?123L
- 14 -
* @('(--('&1B71B>1BB07
*5@8 @(''',!('&1B4CC@?0712A45:
;0 1>A=3207 <=73>02: 427 4?457 A4BB07 89 :;0 518=24C 1B >@71E107 89 4?457123 4 B=> @E B!%%%'$124771:1@2:@?;4:;4B80024?4570789 :;0518=24C:@30:;05?1:;12:050B:4::;054:0@E,. A4 E5@> :;0 74:0 @E A0:1:1@2 :1CC 1:B 70A@B1: 80E@50 :;0518=24C
;0 12B=542D0 D@>A429 B;4CC A49 :;0 D@>A02B4:1@2 4>@=2: :@ :;0 DC41>42: ?1:; C1805:9 :@ 50D@605 :;0 B4>0E5@>:;0@?205@E:;060;1DC0
;050B:@E:;0:05>B427D@271:1@2B@57050789:;0 518=24C 503457123 4AA@5:1@2>02: 427 70A@B1: 50>412=24C:0507
- 15 -
;04>@=2:1270A@B1:80E@50:;1B@=5:1B@570507:@ 80:542B>1::07:@:;0518=24C
7$ &
# ( #
1B: @C @%'