HIGH COURT OF JAMMU & KASHMIR AND LADAKH AT JAMMU CRM(M) No. 1028/2023 c/w CRM(M) No.960/2024 CRM(M) No.1046/2025 Reserved on : 31.10.2025 Pronounced on: 11.12.2025 Whether the operative part or full judgment is pronounced: ___ CR 1. Dr. Rubia Akhter, Age 29 years D/o Zainulab Din Choudhary R/o Haji Sultan Masjid Lane, Gulab Colony, Bhatindi, Jammu. 2. Shabnam Ara, Age 27 years D/o Zainulab Din Choudhary R/o Haji Sultan Masjid Lane, Gulab Colony, Bhatindi, Jammu. …..Petitioner(s) Through: Mr. R. S. Parihar, Advocate in CRM(M) No.1028/2023 CRM(M) No.1046/2025 Mr. Sumit Moza, Advocate vice Mr. Amit Gupta, Sr. Advocate in CRM(M) No.960/2024 Vs 1. Union Territory of J&K through Station House Officer, Women Cell Jammu. 2. Ruksar Choudhary D/o Bashir Ahmed R/o Near Police Station, Chander Kote, Ramban. .…. Respondent(s) Through: Mr. Pawan Dev Singh, Dy. AG R-1. in all the petitions. Mr. K. S. Johal, Sr. Advocate with Mr. Karman Singh Johal, Advocate for R-2. in all the petitions. (with clubbed matters) Sr. No. 173 2 CRM(M) Nos. 1028/2023, 960/2024 & 1046/2025 Coram: HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE MOHD. YOUSUF WANI, JUDGE JUDGMENT 1. Through the medium of the petitions CRM(M) No.1028/2023 and CRM(M) No.960/2024, filed under the provisions of Section 528 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanihita, 2023 (hereinafter referred to as „BNSS‟ for short), the petitioners, who are alleged to have committed the offences under Sections 498-A, 109 IPC arising out of the FIR No.58/2023 dated 22.11.2023 registered with Police Station, Womens Cell Gandhi Nagar, Jammu, have sought the quashment of the said FIR on the main grounds that they have been involved in the FIR on the basis of a false and frivolous complaint in order to wreck vengeance. That the registration of the FIR is actually the result of giving a criminal colour to a private matrimonial dispute between the petitioners and the respondent No.2/complainant. That the registration of the FIR is the outcome of misuse and abuse of the process of law as the same has come into being without any prior verification on the part of the official respondent No.1 as was needed in the facts and circumstances of the case having regard to a matrimonial dispute between the private parties. That the quashment of the FIR shall meet the ends of justice. It has now been mentioned in the third petition bearing CRM(M) No.1046/2025 filed last in point of time that the private parties have now amicably settled the dispute that had led to the registration of the impugned case FIR. 2. The statements of the some of the petitioners and the respondent No.2/complainant stand already recorded by the Registry on 18.10.2025 in attestation of the mutual settlement between the private parties. The respondent No.2/complainant has stated on oath in her statement before the Registry that she has resolved her dispute with the petitioners, who were her in laws and her 3 CRM(M) Nos. 1028/2023, 960/2024 & 1046/2025 marriage with the petitioner-Tanveer Ahmed Choudhary stands dissolved mutually. She further deposed that a compromise deed dated 06.10.2025 stands also executed in between them. She has further deposed that she does not want to pursue the criminal proceedings against the petitioners/accused and sought for the quashment of the FIR that came to be registered on the basis of her complaint. 3. It is submitted by the learned counsels for the private parties in all the three petitions that since the private parties, who happen to be the accused/petitioners and the complainant/respondent No.2 in all the matters have amicably settled the matrimonial dispute therefore the quashment of the impugned FIR is likely to meet the ends of justice by facilitating petitioner-Tanveer Ahmed Choudhary (petitioner in CRM(M) No.1046/2025) and the respondent No.2/complainant (in all the three petitions) to settle their future life as per their own wishes. It was also submitted by the learned counsels that the offences under the FIR which are otherwise subject to proof are personal in nature relating to a matrimonial discord and are not having any social implications. 4. The learned counsel for the official respondent No.1, however submitted in rebuttal that matter may be dealt with in accordance with the law notwithstanding the amicable settlement between the parties. 5. In the facts and circumstances of the case, this Court is of the considered opinion that it may meet the ends of justice, in case, the instant petitions are allowed and as a consequence the impugned FIR bearing No.58/2023 dated 22.11.2023 registered with Police Station Womens Cell ,Gandhi Nagar, Jammu is quashed. The quashment of the impugned FIR is likely to meet the ends of justice by facilitating the private parties to get rid of long-drawn matrimonial dispute. The quashment of the impugned FIR is also likely to allow the two persons who were wedded together and have now separated as a result amicable settlement to 4 CRM(M) Nos. 1028/2023, 960/2024 & 1046/2025 settle their future life as per their own choice. The quashment of the impugned FIR shall be in consonance with the mandate of the provisions of Article 21 of the Constitution of India and Section 528 of BNSS. 6. Although this Court is of the opinion that an FIR cannot be generally and in routine manner allowed to be quashed in exercise of the powers under Section 528 of BNSS corresponding to Section 482 of the Code on the main ground that the parties have settled their controversy that had become the cause of occurrence, yet exceptional ground appears to be made out in the opinion of the Court, in the facts and the circumstances of the case, for invoking its extraordinary powers under Section 528 of BNSS to quash the FIR in question. 7. The provisions of Section 359 of the BNSS corresponding to Section 320 of the Code do not restrict but limit and circumvent the powers of this Court under Section 528 of the BNSS corresponding to Section 482 of the Code regarding quashment of FIR‟s and criminal proceedings for the sake of the society at large which is real beneficiary of the criminal justice delivery system. 8. This Court in its opinion feels fortified with an authoritative judgment of the Hon‟ble Apex Court cited as “Gopal Kumar B. Nar Vs. CBI (2014) 5 SCC 800” in which it has been held that “though quashment of non-compoundable offence under Section 482 CrPC, following a settlement between the parties would not amount to circumvention of Section 320, but such power has to be exercised with care and caution and would depend on facts of each case.” 9. The Hon‟ble Supreme Court in “Parbatbhai Aahir Alias Parbatbhai Bhimsinhbhai Karmur and Ors vs State of Gujarat and Anr. (2017) 9 SCC 641” has considered the aspect of the invocation of the inherent powers by the High Courts under Section 528 of the BNSS corresponding to Section 482 of the Code 5 CRM(M) Nos. 1028/2023, 960/2024 & 1046/2025 and was pleased to lay down some broad governing principles for invocation of such power of the High Courts. The relevant portions of the judgment are reproduced as under for the sake of convenience: “Section 482 is prefaced with an overriding provision. The statute saves the inherent power of the High Court, as a superior court, to make such orders as are necessary (i) to prevent an abuse of the process of any court; or (ii) otherwise to secure the ends of justice. The broad principles which emerge from the precedents on the subject, may be summarised in the following propositions: (i) Section 482 preserves the inherent powers of the High Court to prevent an abuse of the process of any court or to secure the ends of justice. The provision does not confer new powers. It only recognises and preserves powers which inhere in the High Court; (ii) The invocation of the jurisdiction of the High Court to quash a First Information Report or a criminal proceeding on the ground that a settlement has been arrived at between the offender and the victim is not the same as the invocation of jurisdiction for the purpose of compounding an offence. While compounding an offence, the power of the court is governed by the provisions of Section 320 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. The power to quash under Section 482 is attracted even if the offence is non- compoundable. (iii) In forming an opinion whether a criminal proceeding or complaint should be quashed in exercise of its jurisdiction under Section 482, the High Court must evaluate whether the ends of justice would justify the exercise of the inherent 6 CRM(M) Nos. 1028/2023, 960/2024 & 1046/2025 power; (iv) While the inherent power of the High Court has a wide ambit and plenitude it has to be exercised; (i) to secure the ends of justice or (ii) to prevent an abuse of the process of any court; (v) The decision as to whether a complaint or First Information Report should be quashed on the ground that the offender and victim have settled the dispute, revolves ultimately on the facts and circumstances of each case and no exhaustive elaboration of principles can be formulated; (vi) In the exercise of the power under Section 482 and while dealing with a plea that the dispute has been settled, the High Court must have due regard to the nature and gravity of the offence. Heinous and serious offences involving mental depravity or offences such as murder, rape and dacoity cannot appropriately be quashed though the victim or the family of the victim have settled the dispute. Such offences are, truly speaking, not private in nature but have a serious impact upon society. The decision to continue with the trial in such cases is founded on the overriding element of public interest in punishing persons for serious offences; (vii) As distinguished from serious offences, there may be criminal cases which have an overwhelming or predominant element of a civil dispute. They stand on a distinct footing in so far as the exercise of the inherent power to quash is concerned; (viii) Criminal cases involving offences which arise from commercial, financial, mercantile, partnership or similar transactions with an essentially civil flavour may in appropriate situations fall for quashing where parties have settled the dispute; (ix) In such a case, the High Court may quash the 7 CRM(M) Nos. 1028/2023, 960/2024 & 1046/2025 criminal proceeding if in view of the compromise between the disputants, the possibility of a conviction is remote and the continuation of a criminal proceeding would cause oppression and prejudice; and (x) There is yet an exception to the principle set out in propositions (viii) and (ix) above. Economic offences involving the financial and economic well-being of the state have implications which lie beyond the domain of a mere dispute between private disputants. The High Court would be justified in declining to quash where the offender is involved in an activity akin to a financial or economic fraud or misdemeanour. The consequences of the act complained of upon the financial or economic system will weigh in the balance. 10. It is also needful to reproduce the relevant portion of the law laid down by Hon‟ble Supreme Court in “Kapil Gupta Vs. State (NCT of Delhi) and Anr 2022 15 SCC 44” on an appeal, impugning the judgment and order dated 28.09.2021 passed by the learned Single Judge of the High Court of Delhi thereby dismissing the criminal petition, which was filed for quashing the criminal proceedings, as under: i. In present case, consent given by respondent No. 2 for putting an end to proceeding was voluntary and without any coercion and duress. Respondent No. 2, in order to live in peace, wants to bring an end to criminal proceedings. ii. Though court should be slow in quashing proceedings wherein heinous and serious offences are involved. High Court is not foreclosed from examining as to whether there exists material for incorporation of such offences or as to whether there 8 CRM(M) Nos. 1028/2023, 960/2024 & 1046/2025 is sufficient evidence which if proved would lead to proving for offence charged with. iii. Court has also to take into consideration as to whether settlement between the parties is going to result in harmony between them which may improve their mutual relationship. iv. It is also relevant to consider as to what is the stage of proceedings. If application (for quashing proceedings) is made at belated stage wherein evidence has been led and matter is at stage of arguments or judgment, Court should be slow to exercise power to quash proceedings. However, if such application is made at initial stage before commencement of trial, said factor will weight with Court in exercising its power. v. In present case, facts and circumstances are peculiar. Respondent 2 is young lady of 23 years. She feels that going through trial in one case, where she is complainant, and in other case, wherein she is accused, would rob prime of her youth. She feels that if she is made to face trial rather than getting any relief, she would be faced with agony of undergoing trial. vi. In both aforesaid cases, though charge-sheets have been filed, charges are yet to be framed and as such, trial has not yet commenced. It is further to be noted that since Respondent 2 herself is not supporting prosecution case, even if criminal trial is permitted to go ahead, it will end in nothing else than acquittal. If request of parties is denied, it will be amounting to only adding one more criminal case already overburdened criminal courts. vii. In that view of the matter, though in heinous or serious crime like rape, Court should not normally exercise powers of quashing proceedings, in peculiar 9 CRM(M) Nos. 1028/2023, 960/2024 & 1046/2025 facts and circumstances of present case and in order to give succour to respondent 2 so that she is saved from further agony of facing two criminal trials, one as victim and one as accused, present is a fit case wherein extraordinary powers of Supreme Court be exercised to quash criminal proceedings. viii. In that view of the matter, proceedings in criminal cases arising out of both aforesaid FIRs are quashed and set aside. 11. This Court in its opinion also feels fortified with the authoritative judgments of the Hon‟ble Apex Court cited as “Gyan Singh Vs. State of Punjab (2012) 10 SCC 303 and “Narender Singh Vs. State of Punjab (2014) 6 SCC 466”, the relevant paras of which are reproduced as hereunder for the sake of convenience: “Gian Singh Vs. State of Punjab (2012)10 SCC 303” 61. “In other words, the High Court must consider whether it would be unfair or contrary to the interest of justice to continue with the criminal proceeding or continuation of the criminal proceeding would tantamount to abuse of process of law despite settlement and compromise between the victim and wrongdoer and whether to secure the ends of justice, it is appropriate that criminal case is put to an end and if the answer to the above question(s) is in affirmative, the High Court shall be well within its jurisdiction to quash the criminal proceedings.” “Narender Singh Vs. State of Punjab (2014) 6 SCC 466” 29.“In view of the aforesaid discussion, we sum up and lay down the following principles by 10 CRM(M) Nos. 1028/2023, 960/2024 & 1046/2025 which the High Court would be guided in giving adequate treatment to the settlement between the parties and exercising its power under Section 482of the Code while accepting the settlement and quashing the proceedings or refusing to accept the settlement with direction to continue with the criminal proceedings: 29.1 Power conferred under Section 482of the Code is to be distinguished from the power which lies in the Court to compound the offence sunder Section 320 of the Code. No doubt, under Section 482 of the Code, the High Court has inherent power to quash the criminal proceedings even in those cases which are not compoundable, where the parties have settled the matter between themselves. However, this power is to be exercised sparingly and with caution; 29.2 When the parties have reached the settlement and on that basis petition for quashing the criminal proceedings is filed, the guiding factor in such cases would be to secure :(i) ends of justice, or(ii) to prevent abuse of the process of any Court. While exercising the power the High Court is to form an opinion no neither of the aforesaid two objectives. 29.3 Such a power is not be exercised in those prosecutions which involve heinous and serious offences of mental depravity or offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc. Such offences are not private in nature and have a serious impact on society. Similarly, for offences alleged to have been committed under special statute like the Prevention of Corruption Act or the offences committed by Public Servants while working in that capacity are 11 CRM(M) Nos. 1028/2023, 960/2024 & 1046/2025 not to be quashed merely on the basis of compromise between the victim and the offender.” 12. Having regard to the amicable settlement of the dispute between the petitioners and the respondent No.2/complainant, the continuance of the criminal proceedings sought to be quashed appears to be a futile exercise, for just completing the procedure for recording an order of acquittal. In its opinion, this Court is fortified with the law laid down by Hon‟ble Supreme Court in, (i) Satesh Nehra V/S Delhi Administration 1996 (III) Crimes 85 SC; (ii) Madan Mohan Abott Vs. State of Punjab AIR 2008 SC 1969’ and (iii) JugdishChananan and ors Vs. State of Haryana and anr. AIR 2008 SC 1968. Relevant Paras of the referred judgments deserve a needful mention as under: “Satesh Nehra V/S Delhi Adminstration 1996 (III) Crimes 85 SC.” “But when the judge is fairly certain that there is no prospect of the case, ending in conviction, the valuable time of the court should not be wasted for holding a trial only for purpose of formally completing the procedure to pronounce the conclusion at a future date. Most of the Sessions Courts in India are under heavy pressure of work load. If the Sessions Judge is almost certain, that the trial would be only an exercise in futility or sheer wastage of time, it is advisable to truncate or swap the proceedings.” “(ii) Madan Mohan Abott Vs. State of Punjab, AIR 2008 SC 1969” “In disputes where the question involved is of a purely personal nature the court should ordinarily accept the terms of compromise even in criminal proceedings keeping the matter alive with no possibility of a result in favour of the prosecution in a luxury, which the courts, grossly overburdened as they cannot afford and that the time so save can be utilized in deciding more effective and meaningful 12 CRM(M) Nos. 1028/2023, 960/2024 & 1046/2025 litigation.” “(iii) Jugdish Chananan and ors Vs. State of Haryana and anr AIR 2008 SC 1968” “In the light of the compromise it is unlikely that the prosecution will succeed in the matter. We also see that the dispute is a purely personal one and no public policy is involved in the transaction that had been entered into between the parties. To continue with the proceedings, therefore, would be a futile exercise we accordingly allow the appeal and quash FIR83/12.3.2001 P/S City Sonapat and on subsequent proceedings.” 13. The Hon‟ble Apex Court has permitted the compounding of the offences even at the appellate stage having regard to the mutual settlement between the parties and the nature of the offences involved in the proceedings being personal in nature “[Mulukri Sira Prassad Vs. State of Andhra Pradesh 2001 (4) SC 254, Khursheed and Anr. Vs. State of UP and Anr. 2007 and Ab. Sattar Vs. State of M.PAIR 1981 SC 1775].” 14. Allowing the complainant/victim and the accused in a criminal proceeding at any stage of investigation, trial or appeal to seek quashment of the proceedings or the compounding of the offences even in cases where commission of non-compoundable offences of personal nature not involving public/social aspect is alleged, on the basis of amicable settlement, is not likely to prove detrimental to the scope and object of the provisions of Section 359 of the BNSS corresponding to Section 320 of the Code. Such an approach is likely to put an end to some further apprehended litigation of both civil and criminal nature and to allow the parties to have a peaceful and cordial relation, besides saving the precious time of the Criminal Courts being already grossly over-burdened as the continuance of such criminal proceedings is likely to prove a futile exercise only for the purpose 13 CRM(M) Nos. 1028/2023, 960/2024 & 1046/2025 of completing the procedure for recording an order of acquittal at the end. Provisions of Section 320 of the Code corresponding to Section 359 of the BNSS do not restrict but only limit the powers of this Court under Section 482 of the Code corresponding to Section 528 of BNSS so that the extraordinary powers are used only in exceptional circumstances to meet the ends of justice. Provisions of Section 482 of the Code (528 of BNSS) have an overriding affect and are not to be read as subject to the provisions of Section 320 of the Code (359 of BNSS). The criminal proceedings, involving heinous offences of anti- social nature or offences under special penal statutes do not qualify for being quashed/compounded in exercise of the powers under Section 482 of the Code (528 BNSS). 15. In the backdrop of the aforementioned discussion, all the three petitions are allowed and the impugned case FIR bearing No.58 of 2023 dated 22.11.2023 of Police Station Womens Cell, Gandhi Jangar, Jammu under Sections 498-A and 109 IPC is quashed. 16. Accordingly, the petition is disposed of, as such. (Mohd. Yousuf Wani) Judge Jammu 11.12.2025 Shammi