W.P(MD) No.23392 of 2023 BEFORE THE MADURAI BENCH OF MADRAS HIGH COURT Date of Reserved 30/04/2026 Date of Pronounced 28/07/2026 CORAM THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE G.R.SWAMINATHAN AND THE HONOURABLE MS.JUSTICE R.POORNIMA W.P(MD) No.23392 of 2023 and WMP(MD)No.19595 of 2023 M.Santhi : Petitioner Vs. The Judicial Magistrate No.II, Srivilliputhur, Virudhunagar District. : Respondent PRAYER:Writ Petition filed under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, to issue a Writ of Ceriorari, calling for the records pertaining to the impugned order passed by the respondent in Order No.125/2023, dated 02/09/2023 and quash the same, and pass such further or other orders. For Petitioner : Mr.R.V.Rajkumar For Respondent : Mr.K.Samidurai 1/17 https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis W.P(MD) No.23392 of 2023 ORDER R.POORNIMA,J:- This Writ Petition has been filed to quash the impugned order passed by the respondent in Order No.125/2023, dated 02/09/2023. 2.The case of the petitioner is that she joined service as a Copyist on 08/05/2006. Within a short period, the Government issued a G.O. merging the post of Copyist with that of Typist. Thereafter, the petitioner was working as a Typist and is presently serving as a Special Grade Typist. Due to family circumstances, she relinquished her promotion. 2.1.It is the further case of the petitioner that the First National Judicial Pay Commission (Justice Shetty Commission), with a view to reform the subordinate judiciary and improve the service conditions and pay structure of judicial employees, recommended certain structural alterations and pay revisions for various categories, including Junior Bailiff, Sheristadar in Sub Courts, Bench Clerks Grade-I & II. To remove anomalies, the Commission also recommended the grant of one 2/17 https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis W.P(MD) No.23392 of 2023 advance increment to certain common categories in the Ministerial Cadre of the Tamil Nadu Judicial Ministerial Service, including Junior Assistant, Typist, Examiner, Reader, Senior Bailiff, Copyist, Assistant, Sheristadar and Head Clerk in various Courts including Judicial Magistrate Courts and Sub Courts. 2.2The recommendations relating to structural alterations and higher pay revision were implemented through G.O.Ms.Nos.40, 672 and 761, Home (Courts-V) Department, dated 10/07/2008, 27/07/2010 and 11/01/2008 respectively with effect from 01/04/2003. Insofar as the recommendation relating to the grant of one advance increment is concerned, the same was implemented through G.O.Ms.Nos.1011, 351 and 450, Home (Courts-V) Department, dated 07/12/2010, 30/06/2011 and 11/08/2011 respectively with effect from 01/04/2003. 2.3.According to the petitioner, the posts of Sheristadar, Assistant, Junior Assistant and Senior Bailiff etc., in the City Court/District Court are covered under G.O.Ms.No.1011, dated 07/12/2010, whereas the posts of Examiner, Reader, Typist, Copyist and 3/17 https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis W.P(MD) No.23392 of 2023 Head Clerk in various Courts, including Judicial Magistrate Courts and Sub Courts, are covered under G.O.Ms.No.450, dated 11/08/2011. Accordingly, she was granted the benefit of one advance increment in the post of Copyist/Typist. 2.4.However, the respondent issued the impugned order, dated 02/09/2023 directing recovery of the advance increment already granted to the petitioner on the ground that the recommendation was applicable only to those appointed/promoted to the relevant categories between 01/04/2003 and 31/12/2005 and not to those appointed/promoted thereafter. Since the petitioner was appointed as a Copyist/Typist after 31/12/2005 i.e., on 08.05.2006, it was held that she was not entitled to the advance increment and the pay should be re-fixed and the excess pay of Rs.1,72,625/- should be recovered. 2.5.The petitioner contended that the relevant Government Orders referred above do not impose any such condition. According to her, the respondent passed the impugned order merely based on the audit objection. Though a notice dated 29/08/2023 was issued, there was no 4/17 https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis W.P(MD) No.23392 of 2023 proper or meaningful consideration of her explanation. Therefore, the impugned order is arbitrary, unreasonable and irrational, and has no nexus with the object sought to be achieved by the recommendations of the Justice Shetty Commission. 2.6.The petitioner further stated that the respondent had granted the very same benefit to similarly placed employees, namely Ravindran, Paramasivam and Tamil Selvi, and their pensionary benefits had also been settled accordingly by the office of the Accountant General. A similar recovery order passed against one Kandasamy was challenged in W.P.(MD)No.11083 of 2021, in which an interim stay of recovery was granted. Likewise, similar recovery orders issued against other similarly placed employees were challenged in W.P.(MD)Nos.5548 to 5551 of 2022 and W.P.(MD)No.14696 of 2023, wherein this Court, by orders, dated 30/03/2022 and 26/06/2023 respectively, granted interim orders of stay. 2.7.The petitioner further stated that she has now been directed to repay a sum of Rs.1,72,625/-, failing which the said amount would be 5/17 https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis W.P(MD) No.23392 of 2023 recovered from her salary from October 2020 onwards which is arbitrary and liable to be quashed . Hence, the present writ petition. 3.The learned counsel appearing for the respondent seriously opposed the claim of the petitioner by contending that, as per the relevant Government Orders, the petitioner was not entitled to the grant of one advance increment in the post of Copyist, as she was appointed only on 08/05/2006. It was further submitted that, due to the pandemic situation, the internal audit report could not be acted upon immediately. Subsequently, on 02/12/2019, the Internal Audit Wing of the Madurai Bench of Madras High Court pointed out that one increment had been inadvertently sanctioned to the petitioner though she was appointed on 08/05/2006. 3.1.It was further submitted that only those appointed between 01/04/2003 and 31/12/2005 were eligible for the benefit. The clarification issued by the Internal Audit Wing in ROC No. 5/IAWMB/A/2018-2019, dated 02/12/2019, specifically stated that the benefit was applicable only to those appointed/promoted between 6/17 https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis W.P(MD) No.23392 of 2023 01/04/2003 and 31/12/2005. Accordingly, a recovery notice was issued to the petitioner, who submitted her explanation on 02/09/2023. Since no interim order had been granted by this Court, the respondent rightly passed the impugned order dated 02/09/2023 refixing the petitioner's pay and directing recovery of the excess amount. Therefore, he prayed for dismissal of the writ petition. 4. Heard both sides. 5.The only objection raised by the respondent is that the petitioner is not entitled to the benefit of one advance increment in the post of Copyist, as she was appointed only on 08.05.2006. 6.It is not in dispute that the petitioner was initially appointed as a Copyist. Subsequently, upon the merger of the post of Copyist with that of Typist, she came to be redesignated as a Typist and now she is working as Special Grade Typist. She has been serving in the said post for the past 17 years. 7/17 https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis W.P(MD) No.23392 of 2023 7.Under G.O.(Ms.)No.1011, Home (Courts-V) Department, dated 07.12.2010, issued based on the recommendations of the Justice Shetty Commission, the scales of pay of certain categories of ministerial staff were revised. The Government granted one increment at the initial stage of the revised pay scale with effect from 01.04.2003 to certain ministerial categories such as Sheristadar, Chief Clerk, Deputy Registrar and Assistant etc. The Government Order further provided that Senior Bailiffs, who had been placed on par with Junior Assistants and who had not been granted the benefit of pay revision should also be allowed to benefit of one increment at the initial rate of the revised pay scale, on par with the other ministerial categories recommended by the Justice Shetty Commission. 8.Thereafter, by G.O.(Ms.)No.450, Home (Courts-V) Department, dated 11.08.2011, the Government extended the benefit of one increment at the initial stage of the pay scale to 18 common category posts in the Ministerial Cadre, including Category No.5 of Class IV of the Tamil Nadu Judicial Ministerial Service, namely, Typist and Copyist. The said Government Order extended the the grant of 8/17 https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis W.P(MD) No.23392 of 2023 one advance increment benefit to 15 additional categories and initial rate of pay scale admissible to common category has been omitted from G.O. (Ms.) No.1011, dated 07.12.2010. Accordingly, the petitioner was granted one increment and had been drawing the said benefit. 9.Subsequently, based on the audit objections for the years 2017–2018 and 2018–2019, the Judicial Magistrate No.II, Srivilliputhur, by proceedings in Order No.125/2023 dated 02.09.2023, directed re- fixation of the petitioner’s pay and recovery of the alleged excess amount paid. 10.The sole contention of the respondent is that the petitioner is not entitled to the benefit of one increment since she was appointed only on 08.05.2006. However, a careful reading of G.O.(Ms.)No.450, dated 11.08.2011, shows that the benefit of one increment to the common category posts is confined only to employees appointed between 01.04.2003 and 31.12.2005. The respondent has placed reliance solely on the clarification issued in Letter No.94577/Cts-V/2011-3, Home (Courts- V) Department, dated 29.03.2012. 9/17 https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis W.P(MD) No.23392 of 2023 11.During the course of hearing, the learned counsel appearing for the respondent did not initially produce the aforesaid Government Letter. Upon the direction of this Court, a copy of the clarification, which was communicated, on 02.04.2012, was produced for the Court’s perusal. 12.Upon the direction of this Court, a copy of the clarification issued on 02/04/2012 was produced, wherein certain clarifications sought by the Pay and Accounts Office, vide Letter No. PAO(HC/BAS-II/Unit- II/5/2011, dated 29/11/2011, were answered as follows:- S.No Clarification sought Reply 1. Whether the benefit of one increment granted to the individuals is applicable to those appointed on or after 01.04.2003. The benefit of one increment granted to the individual applicable to those appointed between 01.04.2003 and 31.12.2005. 2. Whether the grant of one advance increment may be granted to the employees who were appointed after implementation of Tamil Nadu Revised Scale of Pay Rules, 2009, which were implemented with effect from 01.01.2006. As the crucial cut of date is 01.04.2003 to 31.12.2005 i.e., before the implementation of Tamil Nadu Revised Scale of Pay Rules, 2009, the employees who had appointed after implementation of Tamil Nadu Revised Scale of Pay Rules, 2009 are not eligible for grant of one increment. 10/17 https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis W.P(MD) No.23392 of 2023 S.No Clarification sought Reply 3. Whether the benefit of grant of one increment may be made applicable to (i) new entrants to the service appointed as on day and in future also. It is presumed that the crucial cut off date is 01.04.2003 to 31.12.2005 i.e., before the implementation of Tamil Nadu Revised Scale of Pay Rules, 2009, and the individuals appointed within the above period may be treated as new entrant and sanctioned the benefit of one increment. The benefit of grant of one increment will not be applicable to new entrants to the service appointed after the implementation of the revised scale of pay with effect from 01.01.2006. However, the individuals appointed within the 01.04.2003 to 31.12.2005 may be treated as new entrant and the benefit of one increment shall be sanctioned to them. 13.This Court takes note of the judgment of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in State of Punjab and Others v. Rafiq Masih (White Washer) and Others, reported in AIR 2015 SUPREME COURT 696 [(2015) 4 SCC 334], wherein the Supreme Court summarized the situations in which recovery of excess payments made due to the mistake of the employer would be impermissible in law. Paragraph 11 of the said judgment reads as follows:- 11/17 https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis W.P(MD) No.23392 of 2023 “11.For the above determination, we shall refer to some precedents of this Court wherein the question of recovery of the excess amount paid to employees, came up for consideration, and this Court disallowed the same. These are situations, in which High Courts all over the country, repeatedly and regularly set aside the orders of recovery made on the expressed parameters. (i)...... “11.Although we have held that the petitioners were entitled only to the pay scale of Rs.330-480 in terms of the recommendations of the Third Pay Commission w.e.f. January 1, 1973 and only after the period of 10 years, they became entitled to the pay scale of Rs.330-560 but as they have received the scale of Rs.330-560 since 1973 due to no fault on theirs and that scale is being reduced in the year 1984 with effect from January 1, 1973, it shall only be just and proper not to recover any excess amount which has already been paid to them. Accordingly, we direct that no steps should be taken to recover or to adjust any excess amount paid to the petitioners due to the fault of the respondents, the petitioners being in no way responsible for the same.” .... 12/17 https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis W.P(MD) No.23392 of 2023 (ii)Examining a similar proposition, this Court in Col. B.J.Akkara Vs. Government of India, (2006)11 SCC 709, observed as under:- “28.Such relief, restraining back recovery of excess payment, is granted by courts not because of any right in the employees, but in equity, in exercise of judicial discretion to relieve the employees from the hardship that will be caused if recovery is implemented. A government servant, particularly one in the lower rungs of service would spend whatever emoluments he receives for the upkeep in his family. If he receives an excess payment for a long period, he would spend it, genuinely believing that he is entitled to it. As any subsequent action to recover the excess payment will cause undue hardship to him, relief is granted in that behalf. But where the employee had knowledge that the payment received was in excess of what was due or wrongly paid, or where the error is detected or corrected within a short time of wrong payment, courts will not grant relief against recovery. The matter being in the realm of judicial discretion, courts may on the facts and circumstances of any particular case refuse to grant such relief against recovery.” ....... 13/17 https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis W.P(MD) No.23392 of 2023 12.It is not possible to postulate all situations of hardship, which would govern employees on the issue of recovery, where payments have mistakenly been made by the employer, in excess of their entitlement. By that as it may, based on the decisions referred to herein above, we may, as a ready reference, summarise the following few situations, wherein recoveries by the employers, would be impermissible in law: (i)Recovery from employees belonging to Class- III and Class-IV service (or Group 'C' and Group 'D' service); (ii)Recovery from retired employees, or employees who are due to retire within one year, of the order of recovery; (iii)Recovery from employees, when the excess payment has been made for a period in excess of five years, before the order of recovery is issued; (iv)Recovery in cases where an employee has wrongfully been required to discharge duties to a higher post, and has been paid accordingly, even though he should have rightfully bee required to work against an inferior post; 14/17 https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis W.P(MD) No.23392 of 2023 (v)In any other case where the Court arrives at the conclusion, the recovery if made from the employee, would be iniquitous or harsh or arbitrary to such an extent, as would far outweigh the equitable balance of the employer's right to recover.” 14.In the present case, the petitioner belongs to Group C category of the Tamil Nadu Judicial Ministerial Service. It is not the case of the respondent that the petitioner had secured the benefit of the advance increment by practising any fraud, misrepresentation, or suppression of material facts. The increment was granted solely on account of an error committed by the employer. Therefore, applying the law laid down by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in State of Punjab and Others v. Rafiq Masih (White Washer) and Others, reported in AIR 2015 SUPREME COURT 696, this Court is of the considered view that the impugned order directing recovery of the excess amount paid to the petitioner cannot be sustained and is liable to be set aside. 15/17 https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis W.P(MD) No.23392 of 2023 15.Accordingly, the writ petition stands allowed, and the impugned order of the respondent dated 02.09.2023 is hereby set aside. There shall be no order as to costs. Consequently, the connected Miscellaneous Petition is closed. (G.R.S.J) (R.P., J.) 28.07.2026 Index:Yes/No Internet:Yes/No er To, The Judicial Magistrate No.II, Srivilliputhur, Virudhunagar District. 16/17 https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis W.P(MD) No.23392 of 2023 G.R.SWAMINATHAN.,J AND R.POORNIMA, J. er Order made in W.P(MD) No.23392 of 2023 28.07.2026 17/17 https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis