CRM-M- IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB & HARYANA AT (122+210 PAVANDEEP SINGH ALIAS PAWANDEEP SINGH STATE OF PUNJAB CORAM: HON'BLE Present: KIRTI SINGH CRM-177 Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 with a prayer for amendment in the headnote prayer cla under Sec Section 376(3)] and Section 6 of POCSO Act ha Trial Court allowed and the Registry is directed to carry out necessary corrections in headnote -18554-2026 (O&M) -1- IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB & HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH 0) PAVANDEEP SINGH ALIAS PAWANDEEP SINGH Versus STATE OF PUNJAB CORAM: HON'BLE MS. JUSTICE KIRTI SINGH Mr. Bhavesh Aggarwal, Advocate Mr. Yadwinder Singh, AAG, **** KIRTI SINGH, J. (ORAL) 704-2026 This is an application under Section 528 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 with a prayer for amendment in the headnote ause of the petition, wherein t ction 17 of POCSO Act, besid Section 376(3)] and Section 6 of POCSO Act ha Trial Court against the applicant/petitioner vide order dated Heard. For the reasons mentioned in the application, the same is allowed and the Registry is directed to carry out necessary corrections in headnote and the prayer clause of the petition IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB & HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH CRM-M-18554-2026 (O&M) Date of Decision: 23.04.2026 PAVANDEEP SINGH ALIAS PAWANDEEP SINGH ......Petitioner Versus .....Respondent MS. JUSTICE KIRTI SINGH Advocate for the petitioner. Punjab This is an application under Section 528 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 with a prayer for amendment in the headnote and the charge for offence punisha des Sections 65(1) BNS [erstwhile Section 376(3)] and Section 6 of POCSO Act has been framed by the learned against the applicant/petitioner vide order dated 17.01.2026. For the reasons mentioned in the application, the same is allowed and the Registry is directed to carry out necessary corrections in petition, subject to all just exceptions. (O&M) 6 ......Petitioner .....Respondent This is an application under Section 528 of Bharatiya Nagarik the able hile by the learned For the reasons mentioned in the application, the same is allowed and the Registry is directed to carry out necessary corrections in , subject to all just exceptions. SWARNJIT SINGH 2026.04.23 18:25 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document CRM-M- MAIN CA 1. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (for short regular bail to Sections 6 Sections 5 BNS, 202 IPC), registered at Police Station 2. -18554-2026 (O&M) -2- ASE Prayer in the present petition filed under Section 483 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (for short regular bail to the petitioner, in case FIR No. 64, 3(5) of BNS, 2023, (corresp 5, 6 of the POCSO Act, 2012 a 23 added subsequently (correspo registered at Police Station Nihal Si The contents of the FIR are reproduced below: “Statement of Nirmal Singh son of Surjeet Singh son of Bhagat Singh resident of Near Gurudwara Baba Jeewan Singh, Madheke Road, Nihal Singh Wala, District Moga, aged about 44 years, M.No.98145-xxxxx. Stated that I am resident of above mentioned address and is a laborer. My marriage was solemnized about 17 years ago with xxxx resident of Bughipura, District Moga, from whom, I have four daughters. The elder daughter is about 15 years, younger to her is to her is xxxx aged about 08 years and youngest to all is about 04 years. My daughter xx is studying in tenth standard in Government Senior Secondary School, Nihal Singh Wala. On 2 ready as usual and had left for school. I was also out of house in relation to my work. My daughter's school gets over at 03 PM. When my daughter did not reach home till 3:15 PM or 3:30 PM. then we started searching our daughter. On 1.3.25, we learnt that Pawandeep Singh's mother zxxxxx wife of Nirmal Singh alias Nimbu resident of Madheke Road, Nihal Singh Wala was standing with my daughter xxxxx at Jagraon, from where, we brought back our daughter and xxxx escaped for somewhere. After returning home, my daughter narrated the whole story by stating that when I was going to school, then Pawandeep Singh alias Kali son of Nirmal Singh alias Nimbu resident of Madheke Road, Nihal Singh Wala made me to motorcycle and took me to his house. None was present in the house. He administered me some intoxicating substance in water and I fell unconscious. After sometime, I gained consciousness and Pawandeep Singh and one another boy, who was being ca as Charanjeet Singh, both of them made me to sit in the mid of motorcycle and after sitting for about 10 minutes in the house of Charanjeet Singh at Dhurkot Ransih, they held some discussion with each other. Thereafter, Pawandeep Singh made me motorcycle and took me to somewhere else, regarding which, I know Prayer in the present petition filed under Section 483 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (for short- ‘BNSS’), is for grant of the petitioner, in case FIR No.32 dated 08.03.2025, under ponding to Sections 376, 34 IP and (Sections 65(1), 123, 137(2) onding to Sections 376(3), 328, 3 ingh Wala, District Moga. reproduced below:- ment of Nirmal Singh son of Surjeet Singh son of Bhagat Singh resident of Near Gurudwara Baba Jeewan Singh, Madheke Road, Nihal Singh Wala, District Moga, aged about 44 . Stated that I am resident of above laborer. My marriage was solemnized resident of Bughipura, District Moga, from whom, I have four daughters. The elder daughter is xxxxx aged about 15 years, younger to her is xxxx aged about 14 years, younger aged about 08 years and youngest to all is xzxxx aged xxx, whose date of birth is 18.08.2010, is studying in tenth standard in Government Senior Secondary School, Nihal Singh Wala. On 24.02.25, my daughter zxxxxxx ready as usual and had left for school. I was also out of house in relation to my work. My daughter's school gets over at 03 PM. When daughter did not reach home till 3:15 PM or 3:30 PM. then we daughter. On 1.3.25, we learnt that Pawandeep wife of Nirmal Singh alias Nimbu resident of Madheke Road, Nihal Singh Wala was standing with my daughter at Jagraon, from where, we brought back our daughter xx escaped for somewhere. After returning home, my daughter narrated the whole story by stating that when I was going to school, then Pawandeep Singh alias Kali son of Nirmal Singh alias Nimbu resident of Madheke Road, Nihal Singh Wala made me to sit on his motorcycle and took me to his house. None was present in the house. He administered me some intoxicating substance in water and I fell unconscious. After sometime, I gained consciousness and Pawandeep Singh and one another boy, who was being called by him as Charanjeet Singh, both of them made me to sit in the mid of motorcycle and after sitting for about 10 minutes in the house of Charanjeet Singh at Dhurkot Ransih, they held some discussion with each other. Thereafter, Pawandeep Singh made me to sit on his motorcycle and took me to somewhere else, regarding which, I know Prayer in the present petition filed under Section 483 of or grant of , under PC), ) of 363 ment of Nirmal Singh son of Surjeet Singh son of Bhagat Singh resident of Near Gurudwara Baba Jeewan Singh, Madheke Road, Nihal Singh Wala, District Moga, aged about 44 . Stated that I am resident of above laborer. My marriage was solemnized resident of Bughipura, District Moga, aged unger aged , whose date of birth is 18.08.2010, is studying in tenth standard in Government Senior Secondary got ready as usual and had left for school. I was also out of house in relation to my work. My daughter's school gets over at 03 PM. When daughter did not reach home till 3:15 PM or 3:30 PM. then we daughter. On 1.3.25, we learnt that Pawandeep wife of Nirmal Singh alias Nimbu resident of Madheke Road, Nihal Singh Wala was standing with my daughter xxxx escaped for somewhere. After returning home, my daughter narrated the whole story by stating that when I was going to school, then Pawandeep Singh alias Kali son of Nirmal Singh alias Nimbu sit on his motorcycle and took me to his house. None was present in the house. He administered me some intoxicating substance in water and I fell unconscious. After sometime, I gained consciousness and lled by him as Charanjeet Singh, both of them made me to sit in the mid of motorcycle and after sitting for about 10 minutes in the house of Charanjeet Singh at Dhurkot Ransih, they held some discussion with to sit on his motorcycle and took me to somewhere else, regarding which, I know SWARNJIT SINGH 2026.04.23 18:25 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document CRM-M- 3. petitioner has been falsely implicated in the present case made by the the prosec each othe annexed a the statem recorded allegation no cogent petitioner custody of against hi 4. submissions made by the learned counsel for the petitioner. instructions from -18554-2026 (O&M) -3- nothing. We went to a house, where, he lodged me in a room and also brought tea, water and food for me, which I eaten up. Thereafter, I became unconscious, where, he did illicit up in the morning. I had no cloth on my body. When I asked him about it, then he again did illicit act with me forcefully and without any consent and for whatever time. I remained there, he kept on doing forceful acts with me. On 5 we took her to Civil Hospital, Nihal Singh Wala, where, the whole story was narrated to the doctor sahib and he directed us to visit Civil Hospital, Moga. On 6.3.25, I got my daughter admitted in Civil Hospital, Moga. Pawandeep Singh did very wrong with my daughter, against whom, legal action be taken and justice be delivered to me. Statement got recorded to you, read over. which is correct." Sd/ Nirmal Singh above” Learned counsel for the petitioner petitioner has been falsely implicated in the present case made by the father of the prosecutrix. It is cutrix, belonging to similar age er. The said fact can be evinced at Annexure P-2. Learned counsel ment of the prosecutrix, age of w before the learned Magistrate ns qua any overt act against the t evidence on record to establis r. The 19-year-old petitioner has already undergone an actual custody of 01 year, 01 month and 11 days im. Per contra, learned State counsel ions made by the learned counsel for the petitioner. instructions from the Investigating Of nothing. We went to a house, where, he lodged me in a room and also brought tea, water and food for me, which I eaten up. Thereafter, I became unconscious, where, he did illicit act with me When I woke up in the morning. I had no cloth on my body. When I asked him about it, then he again did illicit act with me forcefully and without any consent and for whatever time. I remained there, he kept on doing forceful acts with me. On 5.3.25, my daughter felt unwell and we took her to Civil Hospital, Nihal Singh Wala, where, the whole story was narrated to the doctor sahib and he directed us to visit Civil Hospital, Moga. On 6.3.25, I got my daughter admitted in Civil andeep Singh did very wrong with my daughter, against whom, legal action be taken and justice be delivered to me. Statement got recorded to you, read over. which is correct." Sd/ Learned counsel for the petitioner inter alia submits that the petitioner has been falsely implicated in the present case on the statement It is submitted that the petitioner a bracket, were well-acquainted w d from the photographs of the t counsel submits that, a bare perusal whom is a disputed question of fa e, reveals that she did not le petitioner. Even otherwise, there is sh the alleged offences against petitioner has already undergone an actual days. There is no other case registe learned State counsel has vehemently opposed the ions made by the learned counsel for the petitioner. He, upon fficer concerned, states that the nothing. We went to a house, where, he lodged me in a room and also brought tea, water and food for me, which I eaten up. Thereafter, I act with me When I woke up in the morning. I had no cloth on my body. When I asked him about it, then he again did illicit act with me forcefully and without any consent and for whatever time. I remained there, he kept on .3.25, my daughter felt unwell and we took her to Civil Hospital, Nihal Singh Wala, where, the whole story was narrated to the doctor sahib and he directed us to visit Civil Hospital, Moga. On 6.3.25, I got my daughter admitted in Civil andeep Singh did very wrong with my daughter, against whom, legal action be taken and justice be delivered to me. Statement got recorded to you, read over. which is correct." Sd/- submits that the statement and with two l of fact, evel there is the petitioner has already undergone an actual ered vehemently opposed the , upon that the SWARNJIT SINGH 2026.04.23 18:25 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document CRM-M- petitioner was actively involved in the commission of the offence. State counsel taken on record. As per custody certificate, the petitioner has undergone an actual custody of He also submits that t a total of 1 5. parties. 6. observations passed by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in CBI, (2012) 1 SCC 40 7. bail, the Court, though not required to make a roving inquiry into the evidence, must take into consideration the nature of the offenc -18554-2026 (O&M) -4- petitioner was actively involved in the commission of the offence. State counsel has filed custody certificate in Court today and the same taken on record. As per custody certificate, the petitioner has undergone an actual custody of 01 year, 01 month and submits that the charges have been 14 prosecution witnesses, none h Heard the rival submissions made by learned counsel for the Before proceeding, a gainful reference can be made to the observations passed by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in CBI, (2012) 1 SCC 40, relevant paras whereof reads thus: "21. In bail applications, generally, it has been laid down from the earliest times that the object of bail is to secure the appe accused person at his trial by reasonable amount of bail. The object of bail is neither punitive nor preventative considered a punishment, unless it is required to ensure that an accused person will stand his trial when called upon. more than verbal respect to the principle that punishment begins after conviction, and that every man is deemed to be innocent until duly tried and duly found guilty. 22. From the earliest times, it was appreciated that detention in custody pending completion of trial could be a cause of great hardship. From time to time, necessity demands tha should be held in custody pending trial to secure their attendance at the trial but in such cases, "necessity" is the operative test. country, it would be quite contrary to the concept of personal liberty enshrined in the Constitution that any person should be punished in respect of any matter, upon which, he has not been convicted or that in any circumstances, he should be deprived of his liberty upon only the belief that he will tamper with the witnesses if left at liber most extraordinary circumstances Trite to say that at the stage of considering a petition seeking bail, the Court, though not required to make a roving inquiry into the evidence, must take into consideration the nature of the offenc petitioner was actively involved in the commission of the offence. Learned has filed custody certificate in Court today and the same taken on record. As per custody certificate, the petitioner has undergone an and 11 days. Investigation is complete. en framed on 17.01.2026 and out of has been examined. Heard the rival submissions made by learned counsel for the Before proceeding, a gainful reference can be made to the observations passed by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Sanjay Chandra v. , relevant paras whereof reads thus: In bail applications, generally, it has been laid down from the object of bail is to secure the appearance of the accused person at his trial by reasonable amount of bail. The object of bail is neither punitive nor preventative. Deprivation of liberty must be considered a punishment, unless it is required to ensure that an accused person will stand his trial when called upon. The courts owe more than verbal respect to the principle that punishment begins after at every man is deemed to be innocent until duly tried From the earliest times, it was appreciated that detention in custody pending completion of trial could be a cause of great hardship. From time to time, necessity demands that some unconvicted persons should be held in custody pending trial to secure their attendance at the trial but in such cases, "necessity" is the operative test. In this country, it would be quite contrary to the concept of personal liberty Constitution that any person should be punished in respect of any matter, upon which, he has not been convicted or that in any circumstances, he should be deprived of his liberty upon only the belief that he will tamper with the witnesses if left at liberty, save in the most extraordinary circumstances." Trite to say that at the stage of considering a petition seeking bail, the Court, though not required to make a roving inquiry into the evidence, must take into consideration the nature of the offence, severity of Learned has filed custody certificate in Court today and the same is taken on record. As per custody certificate, the petitioner has undergone an . Investigation is complete. out of Heard the rival submissions made by learned counsel for the Before proceeding, a gainful reference can be made to the Sanjay Chandra v. In bail applications, generally, it has been laid down from the arance of the accused person at his trial by reasonable amount of bail. The object of . Deprivation of liberty must be considered a punishment, unless it is required to ensure that an The courts owe more than verbal respect to the principle that punishment begins after at every man is deemed to be innocent until duly tried From the earliest times, it was appreciated that detention in custody pending completion of trial could be a cause of great hardship. t some unconvicted persons should be held in custody pending trial to secure their attendance at In this country, it would be quite contrary to the concept of personal liberty Constitution that any person should be punished in respect of any matter, upon which, he has not been convicted or that in any circumstances, he should be deprived of his liberty upon only the ty, save in the Trite to say that at the stage of considering a petition seeking bail, the Court, though not required to make a roving inquiry into the e, severity of SWARNJIT SINGH 2026.04.23 18:25 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document CRM-M- the punishment and material on record. 8. levelled against recorded case came to be framed on witnesses ha that the conclusion of trial is not imminent. The petitioner has already remained in actual custody for a period of 9. against the petitioner, and the c determined on the touchstone of evidence during the course of trial, the parameters governing the grant of bail necessitate a balanced consideration of the nature of accusation, the stage of the trial, the antecedent accused, and the likelihood of his absconding or influencing the course of justice. 10. the petitioner poses a flight risk or that his release would impede the fair conduct of considerations stated herein the merits of the case lest it may prejudice the trial, this Court is of t opinion that the continued detention of the petitioner, in the backdrop of the pace of the proceedings and the substantial period of incarceration already undergone, would not advance the cause of justice. The guarantee of -18554-2026 (O&M) -5- the punishment and prima facie, the involvement of the accused and the material on record. Reverting to the case in hand, against the 19 year old petitioner before the learned Magistrate. came to be framed on 17.01.2026. Yet, witnesses has been examined. The pace of the proceedings, thus, indicates that the conclusion of trial is not imminent. The petitioner has already remained in actual custody for a period of While the truthfulness or otherwise of the allegations levelled against the petitioner, and the culpability, if any, would be tested and determined on the touchstone of evidence during the course of trial, the parameters governing the grant of bail necessitate a balanced consideration of the nature of accusation, the stage of the trial, the antecedent accused, and the likelihood of his absconding or influencing the course of Presently, no material has been placed on record to suggest that the petitioner poses a flight risk or that his release would impede the fair conduct of the trial. Therefore, upon taking into account all the considerations stated herein-before, and without expressing an opinion on the merits of the case lest it may prejudice the trial, this Court is of t opinion that the continued detention of the petitioner, in the backdrop of the pace of the proceedings and the substantial period of incarceration already undergone, would not advance the cause of justice. The guarantee of , the involvement of the accused and the Reverting to the case in hand, no overt allegation has be petitioner in the statement of the prosecut Moreover, charges in the pres . Yet, none out of 14 cited prosecution been examined. The pace of the proceedings, thus, indicates that the conclusion of trial is not imminent. The petitioner has already remained in actual custody for a period of 01 year, 01 month and 11 days. hile the truthfulness or otherwise of the allegations levelled ulpability, if any, would be tested and determined on the touchstone of evidence during the course of trial, the parameters governing the grant of bail necessitate a balanced consideration of the nature of accusation, the stage of the trial, the antecedents of the accused, and the likelihood of his absconding or influencing the course of ently, no material has been placed on record to suggest that the petitioner poses a flight risk or that his release would impede the fair Therefore, upon taking into account all the before, and without expressing an opinion on the merits of the case lest it may prejudice the trial, this Court is of t opinion that the continued detention of the petitioner, in the backdrop of the pace of the proceedings and the substantial period of incarceration already undergone, would not advance the cause of justice. The guarantee of , the involvement of the accused and the een trix sent cited prosecution been examined. The pace of the proceedings, thus, indicates that the conclusion of trial is not imminent. The petitioner has already hile the truthfulness or otherwise of the allegations levelled ulpability, if any, would be tested and determined on the touchstone of evidence during the course of trial, the parameters governing the grant of bail necessitate a balanced consideration s of the accused, and the likelihood of his absconding or influencing the course of ently, no material has been placed on record to suggest that the petitioner poses a flight risk or that his release would impede the fair Therefore, upon taking into account all the before, and without expressing an opinion on the merits of the case lest it may prejudice the trial, this Court is of the opinion that the continued detention of the petitioner, in the backdrop of the pace of the proceedings and the substantial period of incarceration already undergone, would not advance the cause of justice. The guarantee of SWARNJIT SINGH 2026.04.23 18:25 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document CRM-M- personal liberty under Article the right to a speedy trial, obliges the Court to ensure that pre incarceration does not assume a punitive character. The prolonged incarceration, without the prospect of the trial being concluded in t future, would also run contrary to the settled legal principle that ‘bail is the rule and jail is the exception’, in Dataram Singh vs. State of Uttar Pradesh and another (2018) 3 SCC 22. 11. case, lest it may prejudice the trial, the present petition is allowed and the petitioner is ordered to be released on regular bail on his furnishing adequate bail/surety bonds to the satisfaction of the concerned learne Court/Duty Magistrate. conditions: 12. prosecution shall be at liberty to move an application for cancellation of bail before this Court. -18554-2026 (O&M) -6- personal liberty under Article 21 of the Constitution of India, which includes the right to a speedy trial, obliges the Court to ensure that pre incarceration does not assume a punitive character. The prolonged incarceration, without the prospect of the trial being concluded in t future, would also run contrary to the settled legal principle that ‘bail is the rule and jail is the exception’, as reaffirmed by the Hon’ble Supreme Court Dataram Singh vs. State of Uttar Pradesh and another (2018) 3 SCC Accordingly, without comme case, lest it may prejudice the trial, the present petition is allowed and the petitioner is ordered to be released on regular bail on his furnishing adequate bail/surety bonds to the satisfaction of the concerned learne Court/Duty Magistrate. The petitioner shall also abide by the following conditions:- (i) The petitioner will not tamper with the evidence during the trial. (ii) The petitioner will not pressurize/intimidate the prosecution witness(s). (iii) The petitioner will appear before the trial Court on the date fixed, unless personal presence is exempted. (iv) The petitioner shall not commit an offence similar to the offence of which he is accused o which he is suspected. (v) The petitioner shall not directly or indirectly make any inducement, threat or promise to any person acquainted with the facts of the case so as to dissuade disclosing such facts to the Court or to any police officer or tamper with the evidence. In case of breach of any of the above conditions, the prosecution shall be at liberty to move an application for cancellation of bail before this Court. 21 of the Constitution of India, which includes the right to a speedy trial, obliges the Court to ensure that pre-trial incarceration does not assume a punitive character. The prolonged incarceration, without the prospect of the trial being concluded in the near future, would also run contrary to the settled legal principle that ‘bail is the as reaffirmed by the Hon’ble Supreme Court Dataram Singh vs. State of Uttar Pradesh and another (2018) 3 SCC ithout commenting anything on the merits of the case, lest it may prejudice the trial, the present petition is allowed and the petitioner is ordered to be released on regular bail on his furnishing adequate bail/surety bonds to the satisfaction of the concerned learned trial The petitioner shall also abide by the following The petitioner will not tamper with the evidence The petitioner will not pressurize/intimidate the prosecution The petitioner will appear before the trial Court on the date fixed, unless personal presence is exempted. The petitioner shall not commit an offence similar to the offence of which he is accused of, or for commission of The petitioner shall not directly or indirectly make any inducement, threat or promise to any person acquainted with the facts of the case so as to dissuade him from disclosing such facts to the Court or to any police officer or tamper with the evidence. In case of breach of any of the above conditions, the prosecution shall be at liberty to move an application for cancellation of bail 21 of the Constitution of India, which includes trial incarceration does not assume a punitive character. The prolonged he near future, would also run contrary to the settled legal principle that ‘bail is the as reaffirmed by the Hon’ble Supreme Court Dataram Singh vs. State of Uttar Pradesh and another (2018) 3 SCC nting anything on the merits of the case, lest it may prejudice the trial, the present petition is allowed and the petitioner is ordered to be released on regular bail on his furnishing adequate d trial The petitioner shall also abide by the following The petitioner will not pressurize/intimidate the prosecution The petitioner will appear before the trial Court on the date The petitioner shall not commit an offence similar to the f, or for commission of The petitioner shall not directly or indirectly make any inducement, threat or promise to any person acquainted him from disclosing such facts to the Court or to any police officer or In case of breach of any of the above conditions, the prosecution shall be at liberty to move an application for cancellation of bail SWARNJIT SINGH 2026.04.23 18:25 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document CRM-M- 13. expression of opinion on the merits of proceed independently of the observations made in the present case which are only for the purpose of adjudicating the present bail petition. 14. disposed of. April 23, 202 SwarnjitS -18554-2026 (O&M) -7- However, nothing stated above shall be construed as a final expression of opinion on the merits of the case and the trial Court would proceed independently of the observations made in the present case which are only for the purpose of adjudicating the present bail petition. Pending miscellaneous application(s), if any, also stands disposed of. , 2026 Whether speaking/reasoned Whethe reportable However, nothing stated above shall be construed as a final the case and the trial Court would proceed independently of the observations made in the present case which are only for the purpose of adjudicating the present bail petition. Pending miscellaneous application(s), if any, also stands (KIRTI SINGH) JUDGE : Yes/No : Yes/No However, nothing stated above shall be construed as a final the case and the trial Court would proceed independently of the observations made in the present case which Pending miscellaneous application(s), if any, also stands SWARNJIT SINGH 2026.04.23 18:25 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document