The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881
Central · 1881
- S. 1Short title.
- S. 2[Repealed.].
- S. 3Interpretation-clause.
- S. 4''Promissory note''.
- S. 5''Bill of exchange''.
- S. 6''Cheque''.
- S. 7''Drawer.''
- S. 8''Holder''.
- S. 9''Holder in due course''.
- S. 10''Payment in due course''.
- S. 11Inland instrument.
- S. 12Foreign instrument.
- S. 13''Negotiable instrument''.
- S. 14Negotiation.
- S. 15Indorsement.
- S. 16Indorsement ''in blank'' and ''in full''.
- S. 17Ambiguous instruments.
- S. 18Where amount is stated differently in figures and words.
- S. 19Instruments payable on demand.
- S. 20Inchoate stamped instruments.
- S. 21''At sight''.
- S. 22''Maturity''.
- S. 23Calculating maturity of bill or note payable so many months after date or sight.
- S. 24Calculating maturity of bill or note payable so many days after date or sight.
- S. 25When day of maturity is a holiday.
- S. 26Capacity to make, etc., promissory notes, etc.
- S. 27Agency.
- S. 28Liability of agent signing.
- S. 29Liability of legal representative signing.
- S. 30Liability of drawer.
- S. 31Liability of drawee of cheque.
- S. 32Liability of maker of note and acceptor of bill.
- S. 33Only drawee can be acceptor except in need or for honour.
- S. 34Acceptance by several drawees not partners.
- S. 35Liability of indorser.
- S. 36Liability of prior parties to holder in due course.
- S. 37Maker, drawer and acceptor principals.
- S. 38Prior party a principal in respect of each subsequent party.
- S. 39Suretyship.
- S. 40Discharge of indorser's liability.
- S. 41Acceptor bound, although, indorsement forged.
- S. 42Acceptance of bill drawn in fictitious name.
- S. 43Negotiable instrument made, etc., without consideration.
- S. 44Partial absence or failure of money-consideration.
- S. 45Partial failure of consideration not consisting of money.
- S. 45AHolder's right to duplicate of lost bill.
- S. 46Delivery.
- S. 47Negotiation by delivery.
- S. 48Negotiation by indorsement.
- S. 49Conversion of indorsement in blank into indorsement in full.
- S. 50Effect of indorsement.
- S. 51Who may negotiate.
- S. 52Indorser who excludes his own liability or makes it conditional.
- S. 53Holder deriving title from holder in due course.
- S. 54Instrument indorsed in blank.
- S. 55Conversion of indorsement in blank into indorsement in full.
- S. 56Indorsement for part of sum due.
- S. 57Legal representative cannot by delivery only negotiate instrument indorsed by deceased.
- S. 58Instrument obtained by unlawful means or for unlawful consideration.
- S. 59Instrument acquired after dishonour or when overdue.
- S. 60Instrument negotiable till payment or satisfaction.
- S. 61Presentment for acceptance.
- S. 62Presentment of promissory note for sight.
- S. 63Drawee's time for deliberation.
- S. 64Presentment for payment.
- S. 65Hours for presentment.
- S. 66Presentment for payment of instrument payable after date or sight.
- S. 67Presentment for payment of promissory note payable by instalments.
- S. 68Presentment for payment of instrument payable at specified place and not elsewhere.
- S. 69Instrument payable at specified place.
- S. 70Presentment where no exclusive place specified.
- S. 71Presentment when maker, etc., has no known place of business or residence.
- S. 72Presentment of cheque to charge drawer.
- S. 73Presentment of cheque to charge any other person.
- S. 74Presentment of instrument payable on demand.
- S. 75Presentment by or to agent, representative of deceased, or assignee of insolvent.
- S. 75AExcuse for delay in presentment for acceptance or payment.
- S. 76When presentment unnecessary.
- S. 77Liability of banker for negligently dealing with bill presented for payment.
- S. 78To whom payment should be made.
- S. 79Interest when rate specified.
- S. 80Interest when no rate specified.
- S. 81Delivery of instrument on payment or indemnity in case of loss.
- S. 82Discharge from liability.
- S. 83Discharge by allowing drawee more than forty-eight hours to accept.
- S. 84When cheque not duly presented and drawer damaged thereby.
- S. 85Cheque payable to order.
- S. 85ADrafts drawn by one branch of a bank on another payable to order.
- S. 86Parties not consenting discharged by qualified or limited acceptance.
- S. 87Effect of material alteration.
- S. 88Acceptor or indorser bound notwithstanding previous alteration.
- S. 89Payment of instrument on which alteration is not apparent.
- S. 90Extinguishment of rights of action on bill in acceptor's hands.
- S. 91Dishonour by non-acceptance.
- S. 92Dishonour by non-payment.
- S. 93By and to whom notice should be given.
- S. 94Mode in which notice may be given.
- S. 95Party receiving must transmit notice of dishonour.
- S. 96Agent for presentment.
- S. 97When party to whom notice given is dead.
- S. 98When notice of dishonour is unnecessary.
- S. 99Noting.
- S. 100Protest.
- S. 101Contents of protest.
- S. 102Notice of protest.
- S. 103Protest for non-payment after dishonour by non-acceptance.
- S. 104Protest of foreign bills.
- S. 104AWhen noting equivalent to protest.
- S. 105Reasonable time.
- S. 106Reasonable time of giving notice of dishonour.
- S. 107Reasonable time for transmitting such notice.
- S. 108Acceptance for honour.
- S. 109How acceptance for honour must be made.
- S. 110Acceptance not specifying for whose honour it is made.
- S. 111Liability of acceptor for honour.
- S. 112When acceptor for honour may be charged.
- S. 113Payment for honour.
- S. 114Right of payer for honour.
- S. 115Drawee in case of need.
- S. 116Acceptance and payment without protest.
- S. 117Rules as to compensation.
- S. 118Presumptions as to negotiable instruments.
- S. 119Presumption on proof of protest.
- S. 120Estoppel against denying original validity of instrument.
- S. 121Estoppel against denying capacity of payee to indorse.
- S. 122Estoppel against denying signature or capacity of prior party.
- S. 123Cheque crossed generally.
- S. 124Cheque crossed specially.
- S. 125Crossing after issue.
- S. 126Payment of cheque crossed generally.
- S. 127Payment of cheque crossed specially more than once.
- S. 128Payment in due course of crossed cheque.
- S. 129Payment of crossed cheque out of due course.
- S. 130Cheque bearing ''not negotiable''.
- S. 131Non-liability of banker receiving payment of cheque.
- S. 131AApplication of Chapter to drafts.
- S. 132Set of bills.
- S. 133Holder of first acquired part entitled to.
- S. 134Law governing liability of maker, acceptor or indorser of foreign instrument.
- S. 135Law of place of payment governs dishonour.
- S. 136Instrument made, etc., out of India, but in accordance with the law of India.
- S. 137Presumption as to foreign law.
- S. 138Dishonour of cheque for insufficiency, etc., of funds in the account.
- S. 139Presumption in favour of holder.
- S. 140Defence which may not be allowed in any prosecution under section 138.
- S. 141Offences by companies.
- S. 142Cognizance of offences.
- S. 142AValidation for transfer of pending cases.
- S. 143Power of Court to try cases summarily.
- S. 143APower to direct interim compensation.
- S. 144Mode of service of summons.
- S. 145Evidence on affidavit.
- S. 146Bank's slip prima facie evidence of certain facts.
- S. 147Offences to be compoundable.
- S. 148Power of Appellate Court to order payment pending appeal against conviction.