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ꯁꯤꯈ꯭ꯔꯕ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯐꯪꯗꯕ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯃꯥꯟꯄꯤꯕꯉꯝꯗ꯭ꯔꯕ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯀꯦꯁꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯐꯤꯚꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯁꯪꯗ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕꯑꯣꯏꯅꯎꯔꯤꯕꯃꯇꯝꯀꯨꯏꯗꯅꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡꯇꯧꯗꯅꯁꯔꯨꯛꯌꯥꯕꯌꯥꯗꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯅꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯑꯏꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯋꯥꯇꯥꯏꯒꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯋꯥꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯑꯁꯤꯃꯈꯥꯗꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ, ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤ: - (a) ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯅꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤꯃꯔꯝꯒꯤꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤꯃꯔꯝꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯈꯤꯕꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯐꯤꯚꯝꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ, ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯗꯨꯅꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤꯃꯔꯝꯑꯗꯨꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯂꯥꯛꯄꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯤꯔꯛꯄꯃꯇꯝꯗ꯫ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯋꯥꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯑꯁꯤꯃꯈꯣꯏꯑꯁꯤꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯗꯨꯅ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯑꯁꯤꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤꯕꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ, ꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤꯊꯥꯖꯕꯊꯝꯗꯨꯅꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯕ꯭ꯔꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯕ꯭ꯔꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤꯃꯔꯝꯒꯤꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕ ꯂꯥꯛꯂꯤꯕꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯃꯑꯣꯡꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫ (b) ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠꯃꯦꯟꯠꯑꯗꯨꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯗꯨꯅꯑꯆꯝꯕꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛꯇꯧꯕꯃꯇꯝꯗꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯁꯤꯗꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯑꯆꯝꯕꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛꯇꯧꯕꯃꯇꯝꯗꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯃꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ; ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯁꯦꯜ, ꯄꯣꯠ, ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯈꯜꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤꯄꯩꯁꯥꯐꯪꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯏꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯈꯨꯠꯌꯦꯛꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ; ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯏꯈꯤꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯈꯨꯠꯌꯦꯛꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛꯇꯧꯕꯗꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯑꯃꯒꯤ; ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯇꯥꯡ, ꯏꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯈꯨꯠꯌꯦꯛꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕꯆꯤꯊꯤꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯑꯃꯒꯤꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ; (c) ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠꯃꯦꯟꯠꯑꯗꯨꯁꯦꯝꯂꯤꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯄꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝꯒꯤꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ, ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨꯎꯠꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯍꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯋꯥꯀꯠꯇꯄꯨꯍꯟꯈꯤꯕꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯒꯅꯤ; (d) ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯗꯨꯅꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤꯍꯛꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯄꯥꯝꯅꯕꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯂꯩꯕꯒꯤꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟꯄꯤꯔꯛꯄꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯃꯁꯤꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯈꯪꯂꯕꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯒꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯍꯛ, ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯋꯥꯊꯣꯛꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇ ꯊꯣꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯁꯤꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯃꯇꯝꯗ; (e) when the statement relates to the existence of any relationship by blood, marriage or adoption between persons as to whose relationship by blood, marriage or adoption the person making the statement had special means of knowledge, and when the statement was made before the question in dispute was raised; (f) when the statement relates to the existence of any relationship by blood, marriage or adoption between persons deceased, and is made in any will or deed relating to the affairs of the family to which any such deceased person belonged, or in any family pedigree, or upon any tombstone, family portrait or other thing on which such statements are usually made, and when such statement was made before the question in dispute was raised; (g) when the statement is contained in any deed, will or other document which relates to any such transaction as is specified in clause (a) of section 11; (h) when the statement was made by a number of persons, and expressed feelings or impressions on their part relevant to the matter in question. Illustrations. (a) The question is, whether A was murdered by B; or A dies of injuries received in a transaction in the course of which she was raped. The question is whether she was raped by B; or the question is, whether A was killed by B under such circumstances that a suit would lie against B byA's widow. Statements made by A as to the cause of his or her death, referring respectively to the murder, the rape and the actionable wrong under consideration, are relevant facts. (b) The question is as to the date of A's birth. An entry in the diary of a deceased surgeon regularly kept in the course of business, stating that, on a given day he attended A's mother and delivered her of a son, is a relevant fact. (c) The question is, whetherAwas in Nagpur on a given day. Astatement in the diary of a deceased solicitor, regularly kept in the course of business, that on a given day the solicitor attendedAat a place mentioned, in Nagpur, for the purpose of conferring with him upon specified business, is a relevant fact. (d) The question is, whether a ship sailed from Mumbai harbour on a given day. A letter written by a deceased member of a merchant's firm by which she was chartered to their correspondents in Chennai, to whom the cargo was consigned, stating that the ship sailed on a given day from Mumbai port, is a relevant fact. (e) The question is, whether rent was paid to A for certain land. A letter from A's deceased agent to A, saying that he had received the rent on A's account and held it at A's orders is a relevant fact. (f) The question is, whetherAand B were legally married. The statement of a deceased clergyman that he married them under such circumstances that the celebration would be a crime is relevant. (g) The question is, whether A, a person who cannot be found, wrote a letter on a certain day. The fact that a letter written by him is dated on that day is relevant. (h) The question is, what was the cause of the wreck of a ship. A protest made by the captain, whose attendance cannot be procured, is a relevant fact. (i) The question is, whether a given road is a public way.Astatement byA, a deceased headman of the village, that the road was public, is a relevant fact. (j) The question is, what was the price of grain on a certain day in a particular market. A statement of the price, made by a deceased business person in the ordinary course of his business, is a relevant fact. Sec. 1] THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY 13 _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Sec. 1] ꯗꯒꯦꯖꯦꯠꯑꯣꯐꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯑꯦꯛꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯑꯣꯔꯗꯤꯅꯔꯤ 13 (e) ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯁꯤꯏ, ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯌꯣꯛꯈꯠꯄꯒꯤꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯃꯔꯛꯇꯏ, ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯌꯣꯛꯈꯠꯄꯒꯤꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯕꯒꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯅꯕꯃꯇꯝꯗꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯗꯨꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯗꯨꯅꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯛꯍꯦꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯈꯪꯕꯒꯤꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯋꯥꯊꯣꯛꯂꯩꯕꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯗꯨꯍꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯗꯨꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕꯃꯇꯝꯗ; (f) ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯁꯤꯏ, ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯃꯔꯛꯇꯌꯣꯛꯈꯠꯄꯒꯤꯃꯔꯤꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯂꯩꯕꯒꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯅꯕꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯅꯕꯋꯤꯜ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯗꯤꯗꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤꯃꯄꯥ-ꯃꯄꯨꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯋꯥꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯑꯁꯤꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝꯒꯤꯅꯨꯡ, ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤꯃꯃꯤꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯄꯣꯠꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯋꯥꯊꯣꯛꯂꯩꯕꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯗꯨꯍꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯁꯤꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕꯃꯇꯝꯗ; (g) ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ꯱꯱ꯒꯤꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯣꯖ(a) ꯗꯄꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯖꯦꯛꯁꯟꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯅꯕꯗꯤꯗ, ꯋꯤꯜ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠꯃꯦꯟꯠꯑꯗꯨꯌꯥꯎꯕꯃꯇꯝꯗ; (h) ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯁꯤꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯀꯌꯥꯑꯃꯅꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯁꯤꯗꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯅꯕꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯃꯇꯝꯗ꯫ ꯏꯂꯨꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ꯫ (a) ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯗꯤ, A ꯑꯁꯤBꯅꯍꯥꯠꯈꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ; ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒAꯅꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨꯔꯦꯄꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯃꯇꯝꯗꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯊꯕꯛꯑꯃꯗꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕꯑꯅꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯔꯝꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯁꯤꯈꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯗꯤꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨBꯅꯔꯦꯄꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ; ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯋꯥꯐꯝꯗꯤ, ꯑꯦꯅꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇAꯒꯤꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕꯤꯅꯋꯥꯀꯠꯄꯌꯥꯕꯐꯤꯚꯝꯗBꯕꯨꯍꯥꯠꯈꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯁꯤꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤꯃꯔꯝꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗAꯅ ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕꯋꯥꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯊꯪꯁꯤꯠꯅꯍꯥꯠꯇꯧꯕ, ꯔꯦꯄꯇꯧꯕꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯈꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯇꯥꯛꯄ, ꯑꯁꯤꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ (b) ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯁꯤAꯒꯤꯄꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯅꯤ꯫ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯔꯖꯟꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯥꯏꯔꯤꯗꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥꯏꯅꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛꯇꯧꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕ, ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯑꯃꯗꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅAꯒꯤꯃꯃꯥꯒꯎꯅꯈꯤꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯥꯑꯃꯥꯄꯣꯛꯍꯟꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ (c) ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯗꯤ, A ꯑꯁꯤꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯑꯃꯗꯅꯥꯒꯄꯨꯔꯗꯂꯩꯔꯝꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯣꯂꯤꯁꯤꯇꯔꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯥꯏꯔꯤꯗ, ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛꯇꯧꯕꯃꯇꯝꯗꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥꯏꯅꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯃꯗꯤ, ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯑꯃꯗꯁꯣꯜꯁꯤꯇꯔꯑꯗꯨꯅꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯊꯕꯛꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯈꯟꯅꯅꯕꯒꯤꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝꯗꯅꯥꯒꯄꯨꯔꯗꯄꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯃꯐꯝꯑꯃꯗꯑꯦꯗꯁꯔꯨꯛꯌꯥꯈꯤꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯅꯕꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ (d) ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯗꯤ, ꯖꯍꯥꯖꯑꯃꯅꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏꯒꯤꯖꯍꯥꯖꯊꯥꯐꯝꯗꯒꯤꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯑꯃꯗꯆꯠꯈꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ꯖꯍꯥꯖꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏꯒꯤꯖꯍꯥꯖꯊꯥꯐꯝꯗꯒꯤꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯑꯃꯗꯆꯠꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤꯍꯥꯏꯅꯇꯥꯛꯂꯗꯨꯅ, ꯖꯍꯥꯖꯑꯗꯨꯆꯦꯟꯅꯥꯏꯗꯂꯩꯕꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯆꯦꯇꯔꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯂꯂꯣꯟꯕꯑꯃꯒꯤꯐꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯝꯒꯤꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠꯑꯃꯅꯆꯤꯊꯤꯑꯃꯏꯈꯤꯕ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯖꯍꯥꯖꯑꯗꯨꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯖꯍꯥꯖꯊꯥꯐꯝꯗꯒꯤꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯑꯃꯗꯆꯠꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤꯍꯥꯏꯅꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯅꯕꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ (e) ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯗꯤ, A ꯗꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯂꯝꯒꯤꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫A ꯒꯤꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯠꯇꯒꯤꯑꯦꯗꯏꯈꯤꯕꯆꯤꯊꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅA ꯒꯤꯑꯦꯀꯥꯎꯟꯠꯇꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯑꯗꯨꯐꯪꯈꯤꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡA ꯒꯤꯌꯥꯊꯪꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯊꯝꯈꯤꯍꯥꯏꯅꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤꯕꯑꯁꯤꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ (f) ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯗꯤ, A ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡB ꯑꯁꯤꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯈꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯕꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯕꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯃꯈꯣꯏꯕꯨꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯐꯤꯚꯝꯗꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯈꯤꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤꯊꯧꯔꯝꯑꯁꯤꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯝꯑꯃꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤꯍꯥꯏꯕꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯁꯤꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫ (g) ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯗꯤ, ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕAꯅꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯑꯃꯗꯆꯤꯊꯤꯑꯃꯏꯈꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯏꯈꯤꯕ ꯆꯤꯊꯤꯑꯃꯅꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯇꯥꯡꯅꯤꯍꯥꯏꯕꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯁꯤꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫ (h) ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯗꯤ, ꯖꯍꯥꯖꯑꯃꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤꯃꯔꯝꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ꯀꯦꯞꯇꯦꯟꯑꯗꯨꯅꯎꯠꯈꯤꯕꯋꯥꯀꯠꯑꯃ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯁꯔꯨꯛꯌꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯂꯧꯕꯉꯝꯗꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯅꯕꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ (i) ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯗꯤ, ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯂꯝꯕꯤꯑꯁꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯂꯝꯕꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ꯈꯨꯡꯒꯪꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯃꯀꯣꯛꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯑꯦꯅꯂꯝꯕꯤꯑꯗꯨꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯤꯍꯥꯏꯅꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯑꯁꯤꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯅꯕꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ (j) ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯗꯤ, ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜꯑꯃꯗꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯑꯃꯗꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡꯒꯤꯃꯃꯜꯀꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯑꯆꯝꯕꯂꯝꯕꯤꯗꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛꯇꯧꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯅꯃꯃꯜꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯅꯕꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ (k) The question is, whetherA, who is dead, was the father of B.Astatement byAthat B was his son, is a relevant fact. (l) The question is, what was the date of the birth of A. A letter from A's deceased father to a friend, announcing the birth of A on a given day, is a relevant fact. (m) The question is, whether, and when, A and B were married. An entry in a memorandum book by C, the deceased father of B, of his daughter's marriage with A on a given date, is a relevant fact. (n) A sues B for a libel expressed in a painted caricature exposed in a shop window. The question is as to the similarity of the caricature and its libellous character. The remarks of a crowd of spectators on these points may be proved.