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ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯅꯃꯔꯥꯜꯂꯩꯕꯒꯤꯃꯔꯥꯜꯁꯤꯔꯛꯄꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯤꯌꯅ꯭ꯌꯌꯁꯟꯍꯤꯇꯥ, 2023ꯒꯤꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯞꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯄꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯁꯟꯍꯤꯇꯥꯒꯤꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯔꯨꯛꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯌꯥꯎꯕꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯞꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯕꯤꯁꯤꯑꯣꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯀꯦꯁꯑꯗꯨꯄꯨꯔꯛꯄꯐꯤꯚꯝꯁꯤꯡꯂꯩꯕꯒꯤꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯃꯥꯟꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯑꯗꯨꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯔꯥꯜꯑꯁꯤꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤꯕꯑꯥꯏꯟꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯁꯪꯑꯗꯨꯅꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯐꯤꯚꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯦꯍꯥꯏꯅꯂꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫ Illustrations. (a) A, accused of murder, alleges that, by reason of unsoundness of mind, he did not know the nature of the act. The burden of proof is on A. (b) A, accused of murder, alleges that, by grave and sudden provocation, he was deprived of the power of self-control. The burden of proof is on A. (c) Section 117 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 provides that whoever, except in the case provided for by sub-section (2) of section 122, voluntarily causes grievous hurt, shall be subject to certain punishments.Ais charged with voluntarily causing grievous hurt under section 117. The burden of proving the circumstances bringing the case under sub-section (2) of section 122 lies on A.