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In this Sanhita, unless the context otherwise requires,–– (1) “act” denotes as well a series of acts as a single act; (2) “animal” means any living creature, other than a human being; (3) “child” means any person below the age of eighteen years; (4) “counterfeit”.––A person is said to “counterfeit” who causes one thing to resemble another thing, intending by means of that resemblance to practise deception, or knowing it to be likely that deception will thereby be practised. Explanation 1.—It is not essential to counterfeiting that the imitation should be exact. Explanation 2.—When a person causes one thing to resemble another thing, and the resemblance is such that a person might be deceived thereby, it shall be presumed, until the contrary is proved, that the person so causing the one thing to resemble the other thing intended by means of that resemblance to practise deception or knew it to be likely that deception would thereby be practised; (5) “Court” means a Judge who is empowered by law to act judicially alone, or a body of Judges which is empowered by law to act judicially as a body, when such Judge or body of Judges is acting judicially; (6) “death” means the death of a human being unless the contrary appears from the context; (7) “dishonestly” means doing anything with the intention of causing wrongful gain to one person or wrongful loss to another person; (8) “document” means any matter expressed or described upon any substance by means of letters, figures or marks, or by more than one of those means, and includes electronic and digital record, intended to be used, or which may be used, as evidence of that matter. Explanation 1.—It is immaterial by what means or upon what substance the letters, figures or marks are formed, or whether the evidence is intended for, or may be used in a Court or not. Definitions. 2 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY [Part II— ____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY [Part II- ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡ (꯳) ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯁꯟꯍꯤꯇꯥꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯃꯈꯥꯗꯃꯔꯥꯜꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯗꯤꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯃꯔꯥꯜ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯧꯕꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯆꯠꯅ-ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯑꯣꯟꯅ-ꯇꯩꯅꯕꯊꯕꯛꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯇꯧꯗꯕꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯑꯣꯏꯔꯣꯏ꯫ (꯴) ꯃꯇꯝꯈꯔꯒꯤꯑꯣꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇꯆꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕꯑꯥꯏꯟꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯃꯔꯥꯜꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯆꯠꯊꯕꯌꯥꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯊꯕꯛꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯊꯕꯛꯑꯁꯤꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯁꯟꯍꯤꯇꯥꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫ (꯵) ꯁꯟꯍꯤꯇꯥꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯆꯠꯅ-ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯑꯁꯤꯃꯈꯥꯗꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯃꯔꯥꯜꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯁꯨꯆꯠꯅꯒꯅꯤ- (a) ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯅꯠꯇꯕꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤꯃꯐꯝꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇ; (b) ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇꯔꯇꯧꯔꯕꯖꯍꯥꯖꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯑꯦꯔꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯐ꯭ꯠꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯂꯩꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯅꯃꯐꯝꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗ꯫ (c) ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯅꯠꯇꯕꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤꯃꯐꯝꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯂꯩꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯅꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇꯂꯩꯕꯀꯝꯄ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯔꯤꯁꯣꯁꯑꯃꯗ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝꯊꯝꯗꯨꯅꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕꯊꯕꯛꯇꯧꯋꯤ꯫ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯇꯥꯛꯄ꯫- ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯑꯁꯤꯗ, "ꯑꯣꯐꯥꯏꯟ꯭ꯁ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯋꯥꯍꯩꯑꯁꯤꯗꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯇꯧꯕꯊꯕꯛꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯁꯟꯍꯤꯇꯥꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯃꯈꯥꯗꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯄꯤꯕꯌꯥꯕꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏꯂꯨꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ꯫ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕAꯅꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤꯃꯐꯝꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯃꯤꯍꯥꯠꯋꯤ꯫ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤꯃꯐꯝꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨꯍꯥꯠꯄꯒꯤꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯆꯠꯊꯕꯌꯥꯏꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯃꯔꯥꯜꯂꯩꯕꯌꯥꯏ꯫ (꯶) ꯁꯟꯍꯤꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯑꯃꯠꯇꯑꯁꯤꯅꯚꯥꯔꯠꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤꯊꯕꯛꯇꯊꯕꯛꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯦꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯑꯦꯌꯔꯃꯦꯟꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨꯂꯥꯟꯍꯧꯍꯟꯕꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯗꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯐꯝꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯄꯤꯅꯕꯑꯥꯏꯟꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯑꯀꯥꯏꯕꯄꯤꯔꯣꯏ꯫