Section ꯲

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ꯁꯟꯍꯤꯇꯥꯑꯁꯤꯗ, ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯑꯁꯤꯅꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯃꯊꯧꯇꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ,-- (꯱) "ꯑꯦꯛꯠ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯑꯦꯛꯠꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛꯑꯣꯏꯅꯑꯦꯛꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯄꯔꯤꯡꯑꯃꯥꯁꯨꯇꯥꯛꯏ; (꯲) "ꯁꯥ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯑꯃꯅꯠꯇꯕꯖꯤꯕꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨꯅꯤ; (꯳) "ꯑꯉꯥꯡ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯆꯍꯤꯇꯔꯥꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤꯃꯈꯥꯗꯂꯩꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨꯅꯤ; (꯴) "ꯀꯥꯎꯅꯇꯔꯐꯤꯇ" ꯫-- ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯥꯕꯨ"ꯀꯥꯎꯅꯇꯔꯐꯤꯇ" ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯀꯧꯋꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯄꯣꯠꯑꯃꯥꯕꯨꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯄꯣꯠꯑꯃꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯃꯑꯣꯡꯑꯁꯤꯅꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕꯊꯕꯛꯇꯧꯅꯕꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝꯊꯝꯃꯤ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯁꯤꯅꯃꯔꯝꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕꯊꯕꯛꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤꯍꯥꯏꯕꯈꯪꯏ꯫ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯇꯥꯛꯄ꯱-ꯃꯇꯧꯇꯝꯕꯑꯗꯨꯆꯞꯆꯥꯕꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟꯇꯧꯕꯃꯊꯧꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯇꯥꯛꯄ꯲-ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯅꯄꯣꯠꯑꯃꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯄꯣꯠꯑꯃꯒꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯗꯅꯝꯊꯥꯛꯇꯩꯔꯛꯄꯌꯥꯍ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯑꯣꯟꯅ-ꯇꯩꯅꯕꯗꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯃꯥꯟꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯎꯕ, ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯗꯨꯅꯄꯣꯠꯑꯃꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯄꯣꯠꯑꯃꯒꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯑꯁꯤꯅꯃꯗꯨꯒꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯣꯏꯅꯇꯧꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯁꯤꯅꯃꯔꯝꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯅꯝꯊꯥꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯑꯁꯤꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄꯌꯥꯏꯍꯥꯏꯅꯈꯡꯕꯑꯁꯤꯅꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯄꯣꯠꯑꯗꯨꯒꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤꯍꯥꯏꯅꯂꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫ (꯵) "ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯁꯪ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯖꯨꯗꯤꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜꯑꯣꯏꯅꯑꯃꯠꯇꯑꯣꯏꯅꯊꯕꯛꯇꯧꯅꯕꯑꯌꯥꯕꯄꯤꯕꯖꯖꯑꯃ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯖꯨꯗꯤꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜꯑꯣꯏꯅꯊꯕꯛꯇꯧꯅꯕꯑꯌꯥꯕꯄꯤꯕꯖꯖꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯑꯃ, ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯖꯖꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯖꯖꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯑꯗꯨꯅꯖꯨꯗꯤꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜꯑꯣꯏꯅꯊꯕꯛꯇꯧꯕꯃꯇꯝꯗꯍꯥꯏꯕꯅꯤ꯫ (꯶) "ꯁꯤꯕ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯐꯤꯚꯝꯑꯗꯨꯅꯑꯣꯟꯅ-ꯇꯩꯅꯕꯑꯗꯨꯎꯕꯐꯪꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯅꯁꯤꯕꯍꯥꯏꯕꯅꯤ꯫ (꯷) "ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯗꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯄꯤꯅꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ-ꯇꯥꯛꯍꯟꯕꯒꯤꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟꯒꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯑꯃꯇꯧꯕꯍꯥꯏꯕꯅꯤ꯫ (꯸) "ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ꯭ꯇ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯋꯥꯍꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯥꯔꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯑꯃꯅꯄꯣꯠꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯇꯥꯛꯄꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯄꯣꯠꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯈꯨꯗꯝꯑꯣꯏꯅꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯌꯥꯕꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ꯫ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯇꯥꯛꯄ꯱-ꯋꯥꯍꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯈꯨꯗꯝꯁꯤꯡꯑꯁꯤꯀꯔꯝꯕꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯀꯔꯝꯕꯃꯆꯥꯛꯀꯤꯃꯈꯥꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯃꯥꯟꯑꯗꯨꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯁꯪꯑꯃꯗꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗ꯭ꯔꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯗꯤꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ꯫ Illustrations. (a)Awriting expressing the terms of a contract, which may be used as evidence of the contract, is a document. (b) A cheque upon a banker is a document. (c)A power-of-attorney is a document. (d)Amap or plan which is intended to be used or which may be used as evidence, is a document. (e) A writing containing directions or instructions is a document. Explanation 2.—Whatever is expressed by means of letters, figures or marks as explained by mercantile or other usage, shall be deemed to be expressed by such letters, figures or marks within the meaning of this section, although the same may not be actually expressed. Illustration. A writes his name on the back of a bill of exchange payable to his order. The meaning of the endorsement, as explained by mercantile usage, is that the bill is to be paid to the holder. The endorsement is a document, and shall be construed in the same manner as if the words “pay to the holder” or words to that effect had been written over the signature; (9) “fraudulently” means doing anything with the intention to defraud but not otherwise; (10) “gender”.—The pronoun “he” and its derivatives are used of any person, whether male, female or transgender. Explanation.–– “transgender” shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause (k) of section 2 of the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019; (11) “good faith”.—Nothing is said to be done or believed in “good faith” which is done or believed without due care and attention; (12) “Government” means the Central Government or a State Government; (13) “harbour” includes supplying a person with shelter, food, drink, money, clothes, arms, ammunition or means of conveyance, or the assisting a person by any means, whether of the same kind as those enumerated in this clause or not, to evade apprehension; (14) “injury” means any harm whatever illegally caused to any person, in body, mind, reputation or property; (15) “illegal” and “legally bound to do”.—The word “illegal” is applicable to everything which is an offence or which is prohibited by law, or which furnishes ground for a civil action; and a person is said to be “legally bound to do” whatever it is illegal in him to omit; (16) “Judge” means a person who is officially designated as a Judge and includes a person,–– (i) who is empowered by law to give, in any legal proceeding, civil or criminal, a definitive judgment, or a judgment which, if not appealed against, would be definitive, or a judgment which, if confirmed by some other authority, would be definitive; or (ii) who is one of a body or persons, which body of persons is empowered by law to give such a judgment. 40 of 2019. Sec. 1] THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY 3 ____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Sec. 1] THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY 3 2000 ꯒꯤ40 ꯫ ꯏꯂꯨꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ꯫ (a) ꯀꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯑꯃꯒꯤꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯑꯏꯕꯑꯃ, ꯃꯁꯤꯀꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯃꯥꯟꯑꯣꯏꯅꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ (b) ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯑꯃꯗꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯆꯦꯛꯑꯁꯤꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ (c) ꯄꯋꯔ-ꯑꯣꯐ-ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯔꯅꯤꯑꯁꯤꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ (d) ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯃꯥꯟꯑꯣꯏꯅꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯌꯥꯕꯃꯦꯞꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯑꯁꯤꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ (e) ꯂꯝꯖꯤꯡ-ꯂꯝꯇꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯂꯝꯖꯤꯡ-ꯂꯝꯇꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯌꯥꯎꯕꯑꯏꯕꯑꯁꯤꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯇꯥꯛꯄ꯲-ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛꯇꯧꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤꯕꯆꯤꯊꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯈꯨꯗꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ, ꯆꯞꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯑꯁꯤꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯑꯣꯏꯅꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯌꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯑꯔꯊꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯆꯤꯊꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯈꯨꯗꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯑꯣꯏꯅꯂꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏꯂꯨꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ꯫ Aꯅꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯑꯗꯨꯗꯄꯤꯒꯗꯕꯁꯦꯜꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤꯁꯦꯜꯑꯃꯒꯤꯃꯊꯛꯊꯪꯕꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯃꯃꯤꯡꯏ꯫ꯂꯂꯣꯟꯕꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤꯕꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯑꯌꯥꯕꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤꯑꯔꯊꯗꯤꯁꯦꯜꯑꯗꯨꯃꯄꯨꯑꯗꯨꯗꯄꯤꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯕꯄꯤꯕꯑꯁꯤꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ"ꯃꯄꯨꯑꯗꯨꯗꯁꯦꯜꯄꯤꯌꯨ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯗꯨꯒꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯅꯕꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯈꯨꯠꯌꯦꯛꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯃꯊꯛꯇꯏꯈꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯆꯞꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯂꯧꯒꯅꯤ; (꯹) "ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯇꯧꯅꯕꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟꯒꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯑꯃꯇꯧꯕꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯍꯥꯏꯕꯅꯤ꯫ (꯱꯰) "ꯖꯦꯟꯗꯔ" ꯫-ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯎꯟ"ꯍꯤ" ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯤꯔꯥꯏꯕꯦꯇꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯑꯁꯤꯅꯨꯄꯥ, ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯖꯦꯟꯗꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯇꯥꯛꯄ-- "ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯖꯦꯟꯗꯔ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯖꯦꯟꯗꯔꯄꯔꯁꯟꯁ(ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟꯑꯣꯐꯔꯥꯏꯠ꯭ꯁ) ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2019ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ2ꯒꯤꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯣꯖ(ꯀ) ꯗꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯑꯔꯊꯑꯗꯨꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ; (꯱꯱) "ꯑꯐꯕꯊꯥꯖꯕ" ꯫-ꯃꯇꯤꯛꯆꯥꯕꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯇꯧꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯊꯥꯖꯕ"ꯑꯐꯕꯊꯥꯖꯕ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯑꯃꯠꯇꯇꯧꯗꯦꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯊꯥꯖꯗꯦꯍꯥꯏꯅꯍꯥꯏ꯫ (꯱꯲) "ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯀꯦꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯤꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯔꯥꯖ꯭ꯌꯒꯤꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯍꯥꯏꯕꯅꯤ꯫ (꯱꯳) "ꯍꯣꯔꯕꯔ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯥꯗꯂꯩꯐꯝ, ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ,ꯊꯛꯅꯅꯕ, ꯁꯦꯜ, ꯐꯤꯔꯣꯜ, ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯩꯁꯤꯡꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯟꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡꯄꯤꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯣꯖꯑꯁꯤꯗꯄꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯑꯗꯨꯒꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯃꯈꯜꯑꯃꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕꯁꯨ, ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯗꯒꯤꯅꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯥꯗꯃꯇꯦꯡꯄꯥꯡꯕꯑꯁꯤꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ꯫ (꯱꯴) "ꯁꯣꯛꯄ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗ, ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡ, ꯋꯥꯈꯜ, ꯃꯤꯡꯆꯠꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝꯗꯑꯥꯏꯟꯅꯌꯥꯗꯕꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯕꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨꯍꯥꯏꯕꯅꯤ꯫ (꯱꯵) "ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯅꯌꯥꯗꯕ" ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ"ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯇꯧꯕꯌꯥꯕ" ꯫-"ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯅꯌꯥꯗꯕ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯋꯥꯍꯩꯑꯁꯤꯃꯔꯥꯜꯂꯩꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯅꯊꯤꯡꯕ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯁꯤꯚꯤꯜꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝꯁꯦꯝꯂꯤꯕꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯆꯠꯅꯩ; ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯅꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄꯑꯥꯏꯟꯅꯌꯥꯗꯕꯊꯕꯛꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ"ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯇꯧꯕꯃꯊꯧꯇꯥꯏ" ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯍꯥꯏ꯫ (꯱꯶) "ꯖꯖ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜꯑꯣꯏꯅꯖꯖꯑꯃꯑꯣꯏꯅꯈꯟꯒꯠꯂꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯥꯅꯤꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯃꯁꯤꯗꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯥꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ,-- (i) ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗ, ꯁꯤꯚꯤꯜꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗ, ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯑꯃ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯑꯃ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯍꯥꯏꯖꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯑꯃ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯂꯣꯏꯑꯃꯅꯑꯌꯥꯕꯄꯤꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ; ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ (ii) ꯂꯨꯞꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯒꯤꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯀꯔꯝꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯒꯤꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯑꯗꯨꯅꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯋꯥꯔꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯑꯃꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯁꯛꯇꯤꯄꯤꯒꯦ꯫ Illustration. A Magistrate exercising jurisdiction in respect of a charge on which he has power to sentence to fine or imprisonment, with or without appeal, is a Judge; (17) “life” means the life of a human being, unless the contrary appears from the context; (18) “local law” means a law applicable only to a particular part of India; (19) “man” means male human being of any age; (20) “month” and “year”.––Wherever the word “month” or the word “year” is used, it is to be understood that the month or the year is to be reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar; (21) “movable property” includes property of every description, except land and things attached to the earth or permanently fastened to anything which is attached to the earth; (22) “number”.—Unless the contrary appears from the context, words importing the singular number include the plural number, and words importing the plural number include the singular number; (23) “oath” includes a solemn affirmation substituted by law for an oath, and any declaration required or authorised by law to be made before a public servant or to be used for the purpose of proof, whether in a Court or not; (24) “offence”.—Except in the Chapters and sections mentioned in sub-clauses (a) and (b), the word “offence” means a thing made punishable by this Sanhita, but–– (a) in Chapter III and in the following sections, namely, sub-sections (2), (3), (4) and (5) of section 8, sections 9, 49, 50, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 119, 120, 123, sub-sections (7) and (8) of section 127, 222, 230, 231, 240, 248, 250, 251, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, sub-sections (6) and (7) of section 308 and sub-section (2) of section 330, the word “offence” means a thing punishable under this Sanhita, or under any special law or local law; and (b) in sub-section (1) of section 189, sections 211, 212, 238, 239, 249, 253 and sub-section (1) of section 329, the word “offence” shall have the same meaning when the act punishable under the special law or local law is punishable under such law with imprisonment for a term of six months or more, whether with or without fine; (25) “omission” denotes as well as a series of omissions as a single omission; (26) “person” includes any company or association or body of persons, whether incorporated or not; (27) “public” includes any class of the public or any community; (28) “public servant” means a person falling under any of the descriptions, namely:— (a) every commissioned officer in theArmy, Navy orAir Force; (b) every Judge including any person empowered by law to discharge, whether by himself or as a member of any body of persons, any adjudicatory functions; (c) every officer of a Court including a liquidator, receiver or commissioner whose duty it is, as such officer, to investigate or report on any matter of law or fact, or to make, authenticate, or keep any document, or to take charge or dispose 4 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY [Part II— ____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 4 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY [Part II- ꯏꯂꯨꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯔꯛꯄꯒꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯐꯥꯏꯟꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯀꯩꯁꯨꯝꯁꯪꯗꯊꯝꯕꯌꯥꯕꯒꯤꯍꯛꯂꯩꯕꯃꯔꯥꯜꯑꯃꯒꯤꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯄꯥꯏꯕꯃꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯑꯃꯅꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯂꯣꯏꯑꯃꯑꯣꯏ꯫ (꯱꯷) "ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯒꯤꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯍꯥꯏꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯑꯣꯟꯅ-ꯇꯩꯅꯕꯑꯁꯤꯀꯣꯟꯇꯦꯛꯁꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤꯎꯕꯐꯪꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ; (꯱꯸) "ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜꯂꯣ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯃꯐꯝꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯗꯆꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕꯑꯥꯏꯟꯑꯃꯅꯤꯍꯥꯏꯕꯅꯤ꯫ (꯱꯹) "ꯅꯨꯄꯥ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯆꯍꯤꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤꯅꯨꯄꯥꯍꯥꯏꯕꯅꯤ; (꯲꯰) "ꯊꯥ" ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ"ꯆꯍꯤ" ꯫-- "ꯊꯥ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯋꯥꯍꯩꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ"ꯆꯍꯤ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯋꯥꯍꯩꯑꯁꯤꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯃꯐꯝꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗ, ꯊꯥꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯆꯍꯤꯑꯁꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤꯌꯟꯀꯦꯂꯦꯟꯗꯔꯒꯤꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯂꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯈꯪꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ (꯲꯱) "ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯂꯝꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯁꯝꯅꯕꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯁꯝꯅꯕꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯒꯤꯑꯣꯏꯅꯁꯝꯅꯕꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯠꯇꯅ, ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯇꯥꯛꯄꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ꯫ (꯲꯲) "ꯃꯁꯤꯡ"-ꯀꯣꯟꯇꯦꯛꯁꯇꯒꯤꯑꯣꯟꯅ-ꯇꯩꯅꯕꯑꯗꯨꯎꯕꯐꯪꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯂꯔꯅꯝꯕꯔꯄꯨꯁꯤꯜꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯗꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯅꯝꯕꯔꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯨꯔꯦꯜꯅꯝꯕꯔꯄꯨꯁꯤꯜꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯂꯔꯅꯝꯕꯔꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ꯫ (꯲꯳) "ꯑꯣꯇ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯋꯔꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯁ ꯭ ꯋꯔꯃꯦꯟ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯟꯑꯃꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯁꯪꯗ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤꯁꯦꯕꯦꯟꯠꯑꯃꯒꯤꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯄꯤꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯃꯊꯧꯇꯥꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯑꯌꯥꯕꯄꯤꯕꯁ ꯭ ꯋꯔꯃꯦꯟ꯭ꯇꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ꯫ (꯲꯴) "ꯑꯣꯐꯦꯟ꯭ꯁ" ꯫-ꯁꯕ-ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯣꯖ(a) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ(b) ꯗꯄꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯆꯄꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯅꯠꯇꯅ, "ꯑꯣꯐꯦꯟ꯭ꯁ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯑꯁꯤꯁꯟꯍꯤꯇꯥꯑꯁꯤꯅꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯄꯤꯕꯌꯥꯕꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ-- (a) ꯆꯞꯇꯔ3ꯗꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯃꯈꯥꯗꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ꯸ꯒꯤꯁꯕ-ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ(꯲), (꯳), (꯴) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ(꯵), ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯹,꯴꯹,꯵꯰,꯵꯲,꯵꯴,꯵꯵,꯵꯶,꯵꯷,꯵꯸,꯵꯹,꯶꯰,꯶꯱,꯱꯱꯹,꯱꯲꯰,꯱꯲꯳, ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯱꯲꯷,꯲꯲꯲,꯲꯳꯰,꯲꯳꯱,꯲꯴꯰,꯲꯴꯸,꯲꯵꯰,꯲꯵꯱,꯲꯵꯶,꯲꯶꯰,꯲꯶꯱,꯲꯶꯲,꯲꯶꯳, ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ꯳꯰꯸ꯒꯤꯁꯕ-ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ(꯶) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ(꯷) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ꯳꯳꯰ꯒꯤꯁꯕ-ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ(꯲) ꯗ"ꯑꯣꯐꯦꯟꯁ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯋꯥꯍꯩꯑꯁꯤꯁꯟꯍꯤꯇꯥꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯃꯈꯥꯗꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯄꯤꯕꯌꯥꯕꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ (b) ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ꯱꯸꯹ꯒꯤꯁꯕ-ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ(꯱), ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ꯲꯱꯱,꯲꯱꯲,꯲꯳꯸,꯲꯳꯹,꯲꯴꯹,꯲꯵꯳ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ꯳꯲꯹ꯒꯤ ꯁꯕ-ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ(꯱) ꯗ, "ꯑꯣꯐꯥꯏꯟ꯭ꯁ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯋꯥꯍꯩꯑꯁꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜꯂꯣꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜꯂꯣꯒꯤꯃꯈꯥꯗꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯄꯤꯕꯌꯥꯕꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤꯃꯈꯥꯗꯊꯥ6 ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤꯍꯦꯟꯅꯐꯥꯖꯔꯒ, ꯐꯥꯏꯟꯄꯤꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯊꯝꯕꯌꯥꯔꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯆꯞꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯑꯔꯊꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ꯫ (꯲꯵) "ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛꯑꯣꯏꯅꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯄꯔꯤꯡꯑꯃꯇꯥꯛꯄꯒꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯇꯥꯛꯏ; (꯲꯶) "ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯑꯦꯁꯣꯁꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯂꯨꯞꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯏꯟꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯠꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕꯁꯨꯌꯥꯏ꯫ (꯲꯷) "ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ" ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ꯫ (꯲꯸) "ꯄꯕ꯭ꯂꯤꯛꯁꯦꯕꯦꯟꯠ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯇꯥꯛꯄꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤꯃꯈꯥꯗꯂꯩꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯍꯥꯏꯕꯅꯤ, ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤ: - (a) ꯑꯥꯔꯃꯤ, ꯅꯦꯚꯤꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯑꯦꯌꯔꯐꯣꯔꯁꯀꯤꯀꯝꯃꯤꯁꯟꯇꯧꯔꯕꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ; (b) ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯂꯣꯏꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ, ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯅꯑꯌꯥꯕꯄꯤꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯌꯥꯎꯅ, ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠꯑꯃꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤꯊꯕꯛꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇ; (c) ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯁꯪ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ, ꯂꯤꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯤꯗꯦꯇꯔ, ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯚꯔꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯀꯝꯃꯤꯁꯅꯔꯌꯥꯎꯅ, ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟ-ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯤ, ꯑꯌꯥꯕꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯄꯣꯠꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯂꯧꯅꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯁꯪꯗꯁꯥꯖꯠꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯇꯥꯛꯅꯕ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯉꯥꯛꯅꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯁꯪꯑꯃꯅꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯍꯛꯂꯩꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ; of any property, or to execute any judicial process, or to administer any oath, or to interpret, or to preserve order in the Court, and every person specially authorised by a Court to perform any of such duties; (d) every assessor or member of a panchayat assisting a Court or public servant; (e) every arbitrator or other person to whom any cause or matter has been referred for decision or report by any Court, or by any other competent public authority; (f) every person who holds any office by virtue of which he is empowered to place or keep any person in confinement; (g) every officer of the Government whose duty it is, as such officer, to prevent offences, to give information of offences, to bring offenders to justice, or to protect the public health, safety or convenience; (h) every officer whose duty it is, as such officer, to take, receive, keep or expend any property on behalf of the Government, or to make any survey, assessment or contract on behalf of the Government, or to execute any revenue-process, or to investigate, or to report, on any matter affecting the pecuniary interests of the Government, or to make, authenticate or keep any document relating to the pecuniary interests of the Government, or to prevent the infraction of any law for the protection of the pecuniary interests of the Government; (i) every officer whose duty it is, as such officer, to take, receive, keep or expend any property, to make any survey or assessment or to levy any rate or tax for any secular common purpose of any village, town or district, or to make, authenticate or keep any document for the ascertaining of the rights of the people of any village, town or district; (j) every person who holds any office by virtue of which he is empowered to prepare, publish, maintain or revise an electoral roll or to conduct an election or part of an election; (k) every person— (i) in the service or pay of the Government or remunerated by fees or commission for the performance of any public duty by the Government; (ii) in the service or pay of a local authority as defined in clause (31) of section 3 of the General ClausesAct, 1897, a corporation established by or under a Central or State Act or a Government company as defined in clause (45) of section 2 of the CompaniesAct, 2013. Explanation.— (a) persons falling under any of the descriptions made in this clause are public servants, whether appointed by the Government or not; (b) every person who is in actual possession of the situation of a public servant, whatever legal defect there may be in his right to hold that situation is a public servant; (c) “election” means an election for the purpose of selecting members of any legislative, municipal or other public authority, of whatever character, the method of selection to which is by, or under any law for the time being in force. Illustration. A Municipal Commissioner is a public servant; 10 of 1897. 18 of 2013. Sec. 1] THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY 5 ____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Sec. 1] THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY 5 1897 ꯒꯤ10 ꯫ 2013 ꯒꯤ18 ꯫ (d) ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯁꯪꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤꯊꯕꯛꯇꯧꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯗꯃꯇꯦꯡꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯄꯟꯆꯥꯌꯠꯑꯃꯒꯤꯃꯃꯜꯂꯦꯞꯄꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ; (e) ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯁꯪꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯅ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯃꯇꯤꯛꯆꯥꯕꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯂꯣꯏꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯅꯋꯥꯔꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯔꯤꯐꯔꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯑꯔꯕꯤꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯔꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ; (f) ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨꯊꯝꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯐꯥꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯊꯝꯕꯌꯥꯔꯕꯐꯝꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨꯄꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ; (g) ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯃꯔꯥꯜꯂꯩꯕꯁꯤꯡꯊꯤꯡꯕ, ꯃꯔꯥꯜꯂꯩꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯏ-ꯄꯥꯎꯄꯤꯕ, ꯃꯔꯥꯜꯂꯩꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯒꯤꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯗꯄꯨꯔꯛꯄ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜ, ꯁꯣꯍꯗꯅꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯅꯕꯉꯥꯛ-ꯁꯦꯟꯕꯑꯁꯤꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ; (h) ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔꯑꯣꯏꯅꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯗꯒꯤꯄꯣꯠꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕ, ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕ, ꯊꯝꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯗꯒꯤꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ, ꯃꯃꯜꯂꯦꯞꯄꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯌꯥꯅꯆꯦꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯇꯧꯕ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯋꯥꯐꯝꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤꯊꯕꯛꯇꯧꯕ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯇꯧꯕ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯅꯕꯆꯦ-ꯆꯥꯡꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯁꯦꯝꯕ, ꯑꯌꯥꯕꯄꯤꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯊꯝꯕ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨꯉꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯑꯥꯏꯟꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨꯂꯥꯟꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯃꯊꯧꯇꯧꯕꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ; (i) ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯄꯣꯠꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕ, ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕ, ꯊꯝꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡꯇꯧꯕ, ꯁꯔꯕꯦꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯃꯜꯂꯦꯞꯄꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯇꯧꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯈꯨꯡꯒꯪ, ꯁꯍꯔꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯖꯤꯂꯥꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯂꯔꯑꯣꯏꯕꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯃꯃꯜꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯈꯥꯖꯅꯥꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯈꯨꯡꯒꯪ, ꯁꯍꯔꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯖꯤꯂꯥꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤꯍꯛꯁꯤꯡꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯁꯦꯝꯕ, ꯑꯌꯥꯕꯄꯤꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯊꯝꯕꯑꯁꯤꯃꯊꯧꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ; (j) ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇꯣꯔꯦꯜꯔꯣꯜꯑꯃꯁꯦꯝꯁꯥꯅꯕ, ꯐꯣꯡꯕ, ꯉꯥꯛ-ꯁꯦꯟꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟꯇꯧꯅꯕꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯤꯈꯜꯑꯃꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯤꯈꯜꯑꯃꯒꯤꯁꯔꯨꯛꯑꯃꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤꯍꯛꯂꯩꯕꯐꯝꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨꯄꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ; (k) ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ- (i) ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯇ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯗ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯅ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯐꯤꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯀꯝꯃꯤꯁꯟꯅꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝ; (ii) ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯣꯖꯁꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1897ꯒꯤꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ3ꯒꯤꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯣꯖ(31) ꯗꯄꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜꯑꯣꯊꯣꯔꯇꯤꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯇꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯁꯦꯜꯄꯤꯕꯗ, ꯁꯦꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯜꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠꯑꯦꯛꯠꯑꯃꯅꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤꯃꯈꯥꯗꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤꯕ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟꯑꯃꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤꯁꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2013ꯒꯤꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ2ꯒꯤꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯣꯖ(45) ꯗꯄꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯒꯚꯔꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤꯑꯃ꯫ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯇꯥꯛꯄ꯫- (a) ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯣꯖꯑꯁꯤꯗꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯃꯔꯣꯜꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤꯃꯈꯥꯗꯂꯩꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯑꯁꯤꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯅꯈꯟꯒꯠꯂꯕꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤꯊꯕꯛꯇꯧꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ (b) ꯄꯕ꯭ꯂꯤꯛꯁꯔꯕꯦꯟꯠꯑꯃꯒꯤꯐꯤꯚꯝꯑꯁꯤꯍꯛꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯄꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ, ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯑꯗꯨꯂꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯛꯑꯗꯨꯗꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯑꯋꯥꯠꯄꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨꯄꯕ꯭ꯂꯤꯛꯁꯦꯕꯦꯟꯠꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ (c) "ꯃꯤꯈꯜ" ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯂꯦꯖꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯕ, ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯁꯤꯄꯥꯜꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯂꯣꯏꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡꯈꯟꯕꯒꯤꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯃꯤꯈꯜꯑꯃꯍꯥꯏꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯇꯝꯑꯗꯨꯗꯆꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕꯑꯥꯏꯟꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯅꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯈꯟꯕꯒꯤꯃꯑꯣꯡꯑꯗꯨꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯃꯑꯣꯡꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ꯫ ꯏꯂꯨꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ꯫ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯁꯤꯄꯥꯜꯀꯝꯃꯤꯁꯅꯔꯑꯁꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤꯊꯕꯛꯇꯧꯕꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ (29) “reason to believe”.—A person is said to have “reason to believe” a thing, if he has sufficient cause to believe that thing but not otherwise; (30) “special law” means a law applicable to a particular subject; (31) “valuable security” means a document which is, or purports to be, a document whereby any legal right is created, extended, transferred, restricted, extinguished or released, or whereby any person acknowledges that he lies under legal liability, or has not a certain legal right. Illustration. A writes his name on the back of a bill of exchange. As the effect of this endorsement is to transfer the right to the bill to any person who may become the lawful holder of it, the endorsement is a “valuable security”; (32) “vessel” means anything made for the conveyance by water of human beings or of property; (33) “voluntarily”.—A person is said to cause an effect “voluntarily” when he causes it by means whereby he intended to cause it, or by means which, at the time of employing those means, he knew or had reason to believe to be likely to cause it. Illustration. A sets fire, by night, to an inhabited house in a large town, for the purpose of facilitating a robbery and thus causes the death of a person. Here, A may not have intended to cause death; and may even be sorry that death has been caused by his act; yet, if he knew that he was likely to cause death, he has caused death voluntarily; (34) “will” means any testamentary document; (35) “woman” means a female human being of any age; (36) “wrongful gain” means gain by unlawful means of property to which the person gaining is not legally entitled; (37) “wrongful loss” means the loss by unlawful means of property to which the person losing it is legally entitled; (38) “gaining wrongfully” and “losing wrongfully”.—A person is said to gain wrongfully when such person retains wrongfully, as well as when such person acquires wrongfully.Aperson is said to lose wrongfully when such person is wrongfully kept out of any property, as well as when such person is wrongfully deprived of property; and (39) words and expressions used but not defined in this Sanhita but defined in the InformationTechnologyAct, 2000 and the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them in that Act and Sanhita.